Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in .

Correct option is (d) Delegation of authority.

Correct option is (d) Content theory

Correct option is (c) Performance cannot be measured.

Correct option is (a) Need

Correct option is (d) Job description

Correct option is (c) Data

Correct option is (a) Corporate culture

आचारसंहिता युक्त व्यवहार यह धन्धे और समाज दोनों के लिए अच्छी बात है । इकाई के दैनिक व्यवहारों में मूल्यों तथा आचारसंहिता का तत्त्व हो तो ही समग्र इकाई में योग्य वातावरण का निर्माण हो सकता है ।

• उच्च संचालक मण्डल की प्रतिबद्धता : आचारसंहिता युक्त व्यवहार को सफल बनाने में उच्च संचालकों की भूमिका निर्णायक बनती है तथा उनके परिणाम प्राप्त करने के लिये इकाई के मुख्य अधिकारियों को हमेशा कटीबद्ध रहना जरूरी है । मूल्यों को बनाये रखने के लिए वो अपनी नेतागीरी द्वारा समग्र इकाई के व्यवहार को प्रेरित करना चाहिए ।
• मार्गदर्शक नियमों का प्रकाशन : इकाई में आचारसंहिता युक्त व्यवहार के लिए इकाई में कर्मचारियों को मार्गदर्शन देने के लिए, उच्च संचालकों को लिखित स्वरूप में मार्गदर्शिका प्रकाशित करना चाहिए । जिससे अलग-अलग परिस्थिति में कर्मचारी को व्यवहार सम्बन्धित प्रेरणा तथा मार्गदर्शन मिल जाये ।
• ढाँचाकीय रचना करना : इकाई द्वारा लिये गये निर्णय इकाई की आचारसंहिता के सिद्धान्तों को निभाते है, इनकी खातरी करने के लिए उनको अमल के लिए योग्य ढाँचों की रचना करनी चाहिए ।
• निर्णयों में सहायक : निर्णयों में कर्मचारियों की सह साझेदारी आचारसंहिता को सफल बनाते है ।
• परिणामों का मूल्यांकन : सामान्य रूप से आचारसंहिता यह गणात्मक पहलू होने से वह सापेक्ष विचार बनता है । जिससे आचारसंहिता के स्तर इकाई में कितने अंश प्रस्तुत बने है वह इकाई के साथ जुड़े हुए अलग-अलग वर्ग के प्रतिभाव द्वारा जाना जा सकता है ।

A political party, after winning the elections, comes to power and forms the government.

Films throw light on the failures and achievements of the government.

Direct tax: Direct tax is that type of tax in which the tax burden will be on the same person on whom the tax is levied. 

e.g.: Income tax.

1. Taxes Collected by the Government

2. 1. Indirect taxes generate more income. They contribute 64% of all the taxes. 

2. Corporate tax contributes 24% of the taxes and sales tax contributes 23% of the taxes.

(c) Both the statements are true

(3) (8, 27, 125,343, 1331)

x = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}

Range (x³) = {8, 27, 125, 343, 1331}

(3) {4, 9, 25, 49, 121}

Prime number less than 13 = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11} 

Range (R) = {(x, x²)} 

Range = {4, 9, 25, 49, 121} (square of x)

A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} 

B = {2, 3, 5, 7} 

C = {2}

(i) (A ∩ B) x C = (A x C) ∩ (B x C) 

A ∩ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} ∩ {2, 3, 5, 7} 

= {2, 3, 5, 7} 

(A ∩ B) x C = {2, 3, 5, 7} x {2} 

= {(2, 2) (3, 2) (5, 2) (7, 2)} … (1) 

A x C = {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} x {2} = {(1,2) (2, 2) (3, 2) (4, 2) (5.2) (6, 2) (7, 2)} 

B x C = {2, 3, 5, 7} x {2} = {(2, 2) (3, 2) (5, 2) (7, 2)} 

(A x C) ∩ (B x C) = {(2, 2) (3, 2) (5, 2) (7, 2)} … (2) 

From (1) and (2) we get 

(A ∩ B) x C = (A x C) ∩ (B x C)

(ii) A x (B – C) = (A x B) – (A x C) 

B – C = {2, 3, 5, 7} – {2}

= {3,5,7} 

A x (B – C) = {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7} x {3,5,7} 

= {(1, 3) (1, 5) (1, 7) (2, 3) (2, 5) (2, 7) (3, 3) (3, 5) (3, 7) (4, 3) (4, 5) (4, 7) (5, 3) (5, 5) (5, 7) (6, 3) (6, 5) (6, 7) (7, 3) (7, 5) (7, 7)} … (1) 

A x B = {1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} × {2, 3, 5,7} 

= {(1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 5) (1, 7) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5) (2, 7) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 5) (3, 7) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 5) (4, 7) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 5) (5, 7) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 5) (6, 7) (7, 2) (7, 3) (7, 5) (7, 7)} 

A x C = {1,2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7} x {2} 

= {(1, 2) (2, 2) (3, 2) (4, 2) (5, 2) (6.2) (7,2)} 

(A x B) – (A x C) = {(1, 3) (1, 5) (1, 7) (2, 3) (2, 5) (2, 7) (3, 3) (3, 5) (3, 7) (4, 3) (4, 5) (4, 7) (5, 3) (5, 5) (5, 7) (6, 3) (6, 5) (6, 7) (7, 3) (7, 5) (7, 7)} … (2) 

From (1) and (2) we get 

A x (B – C) = (A x B) – (A x C)

Input Devices:

Keyboard :

Keyboard (wired / wireless, virtual) is the most common input device used today. The individual keys for letters, numbers and special characters are collectively known as character keys. This keyboard layout is derived from the keyboard of original typewriter.

Mouse:

Mouse (wired/wireless) is a pointing device used to control the movement of the cursor on the display screen.

Types of Mouses:

1. Mechanical Mouse

2. Optical Mouse.

3. Laser Mouse

Scanner :

Scanners are used to enter the information directly into the computer’s memory. This device works like a Xerox machine. The scanner converts any type of printed or written information including photographs into a digital format, which can be manipulated by the computer.

Track Ball :

Track ball is similar to the upside – down design of the mouse. The user moves the ball directly, while the device itself remains stationary. The user spins the ball in various directions to navigate the screen movements.

Retinal Scanner :

This performs a retinal scan which is a biometric technique that uses unique patterns on a person’s retinal blood vessels.

Light Pen :

A light pen is a pointing device shaped like a pen and is connected to a monitor.

The tip of the light pen contains a light-sensitive element which detects the light from the screen enabling the computer to identify the location of the pen on the screen. Light pens have the advantage of ‘drawing’ directly onto the screen, but this becomes hard to use, and is also not accurate.

Optical Character Reader :

It is a device which detects characters printed or written on a paper with OCR, a user can scan a page from a book. The Computer will recognize the characters in the page as letters and punctuation marks and stores. The Scanned document can be edited using a word processor.

Bar Code / QR Code Reader :

A Bar code is a pattern printed in lines of different thickness. The Bar code reader scans the information on the bar codes transmits to the Computer for further processing. The system gives fast and error free entry of information into the computer.

QR (Quick response) Code :

The QR code is the two dimension bar code which can be read by a camera and processed to interpert the image

Voice Input Systems :

Microphone serves as a voice Input device. It captures the voice data and send it to the Computer. Using the microphone along with speech recognition software can offer a completely new approach to input information into the Computer.

Digital Camera :

It captures images / videos directly in the digital form. It uses a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) electronic chip. When light falls on the chip through the lens, it converts light rays into digital format.

Touch Screen :

A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to interact with a computer by using the finger. It can be quite useful as an alternative to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Touch screens are used on a wide variety of devices such as computers, laptops, monitors, smart phones, tablets, cash registers and information kiosks. Some touch screens use a grid of infrared beams to sense the presence of a finger instead of utilizing touch – sensitive input.

Keyer :

A Keyer is a device for signaling by hand, by way of pressing one or more switches. Modem keyers have a large number of switches but not as many as a full size keyboard. Typically, this number is between 4 and 50.

Touch Screen:

A touch screen is a display device that allows the user to interact with a computer by using the finger. It can be quite useful as an alternative to a mouse or keyboard for navigating a Graphical User Interface (GUI). Touch screens are used on a wide variety of devices such as computers, laptops, monitors, smart phones, tablets, cash registers and information kiosks. Some touch screens use a grid of infrared beams to sense the presence of a finger instead of utilizing touchsensitive input.

Continent

1. The vast land masses are called continents.

2. Example: Asia, Africa, Europe.

Ocean

1. Oceans are vast expanse of water.

2. Example: Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean.

Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Hawaii, New Zealand, are some of the islands located in the Pacific Ocean.

Pacific 

1. The largest and deepest ocean.

2. It spreads out 168.72 million sq.km

3. The Bering Sea, The China sea, the Sea of Japan, Tasman Sea, Philippines Sea are some of the marginal seas.

Atlantic 

1. Second largest ocean 

2. It spreads about 85.13 million sq.km

3. Mediterranean Sea, The Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, the Gulf of Guinea are important marginal seas.

The basic components of food and nutrition security are: 

1. Availability of food 

2. Access to food 

3. Absorption of food

1. – e 

2. – a 

3. – d 

4. – b 

5. – c

According to the question;

Object distance = u; 

Image distance (v) = 30cm; 

Focal length = 20cm 

By lens formula; 

\(\frac1v\,-\,\frac1u\,=\,\frac1f\)

⇒\(\frac{1}{30}\,-\,\frac1u\,=\,\frac{1}{20}\) 

⇒\(\frac1u\,=\,\frac{1}{30}\,-\,\frac{1}{20}\)

⇒\(\frac1u\,=\,\frac{20\,-\,30}{600}\,=\,\frac{-10}{600}\)

⇒ \(\frac1u\,=\,\frac{-1}{60}\)

u = -60cm.

Therefore object is placed at 60 cm in front of lens.

Now; 

Height of object h1= 6cm; 

Magnification =\(\frac{h_2}{h_1}\) =\(\frac{v}{u}\) 

Putting values of v and u 

Magnification =\(\frac{h_2}{6}\,=\,\frac{30}{-60}\)

⇒ \(\frac{h_2}{6}\,=\,\frac{-1}{2}\)

⇒ h₂ = - \(\frac62\) = -3

Height of image is 3 cm. 

Negative sign means image is real and inverted.

A concave mirror and concave lens have negative focal length. Hence, both mirror and lens are concave.

Concave mirror and concave lens both have negative focal length, choice (c) is correct

The mirror is likely to be the concave mirror because the focal length of the concave mirror is negative because the focus is on the left-hand side of the mirror which is taken to be negative according to sign convention. 

Thus the required spherical mirror is a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm.

The image is real, inverted and diminished as the object is placed beyond 2F.

(c) virtual and erect

True

When an object is kept between the focus and pole of a concave mirror, a virtual, magnified and erect image is obtained behind the mirror.

The S.I unit of power of lens is dioptre denoted by D. 

1 D = \(\frac1{1\,m}=1\,m^{-1}\)

Thus 1 Dioptre is the power of the lens having focal length of 1m.

(i) Optical center: The centre point of a lens is known as its optical centre. It always lies inside the lens. A light beam passing through the optical centre emerges without any deviation. 

(ii) Centre of curvature: It is defined as the centre of the spheres of which the lens is originally a part of. Because the spherical lens consists of two spherical surfaces, the lens has two centres of curvature. 

(iii) Aperture: This is the length or breadth of the lens through which refraction takes place.

(iv) Principal focus: A light ray parallel to the principal axis of the lens meets at a point on the principal axis. This point is called the principal focus. 

(v) Focal length: The distance of the point from the centre of lens or mirror at which a parallel ray of beam converge (or diverge) is called focal-length and the point is called focus.

The ability of a lens to converge or diverge light ray is termed as Power of a lens.

Power = 1/ Focal length

SI unit of power is Dioptre.

1. a. Real

2. b. Concave mirror

3. b. 0 cm

4. a. -25

5. d. Concave mirror

1. a. Convex lens

2. c. 20 cm

3. c. - 6 cm

4. b. -2

5. b. Positive

1. a. The coin seems to be lifted up

2. b. Due to refraction

3. a. Away from the normal

4. b. Water

5. b. 0.89

सही विकल्प है (घ) बहुलांक

सही विकल्प है (ख)बहुलक

जम्मू-कश्मीर-उर्दू, कश्मीरी, डोगरी, गुजरी, दादरी तथा पंजाबी। तेलंगाना-तेलुगु तथा उर्दू।

सार्क (SAARC) दक्षिण एशिया के देशों का एक संगठन है जो आपसी सहयोग के लिए बनाया गया है। इसका पूरा नाम दक्षिण एशियाई क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठन (South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation) है। इसमें देश-भारत, पाकिस्तान, अफ़गानिस्तान, बांग्लादेश, भूटान, मालद्वीप, नेपाल तथा श्रीलंका शामिल हैं। इसमें भारत को सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण स्थान प्राप्त है।

• All the three organs of the administration, viz. legislature, executive and judiciary must have separate powers,
• Every organ should work independently of the other, therein limiting its powers to its own functional areas.

Power separation theory means that all the three organs of the government – the legislature, the executive and the judiciary should function independently of one another. They should limit the use of their power to their functional areas.

Administrative system of England inspired Montesque to adopt the power-separation theory.

(a) judicial review

Veto power on any bill presented by the legislature.

The constitution of the U.S.A. was affected the most.

• This theory can work against the will of a welfare state 
• There is possibility of confrontation among the three organs of the government.

The power of judicial review

The power – separation theory firstly checked the autocracy of the king and after that secondaly it checked the autocracy of the legislature.