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Except for beating Anshuman, his parents used gentle words, strict warnings, and scolding him now and then to warn him about his, bad habits.

Anshuman’s father compared bad habits to the weeds. The longer you allow them to grow the harder it gets to uproot them. He further said that the wisest thing to do is to get rid of them when it is easy to do so.

Anshuman’s father described the specialities of various plants, vines, bushes and trees while taking him around the farm.

Anshuman and his parents went to stay on his grandfather’s farm.

Anshuman’s parents wanted to be loving and gentle while correcting their son.

(i) We tried hard to put sense into her but to no avail.

(ii) The robbers left no trace and had taken away all the valuables from the house.

(iii) He has been warned not to misbehave time and again.

(iv) Throughout his life he has been helping the sick and needy

(i) Soham reached after me.

(ii) My brother ran down the hill.

(iii) The children ran outside the house.

(iv) The cat sat under the table.

(v) He jumped outside.

Throughout his life Anshuman never forgot the early morning walk he had on the farm with his father.

1. Question 

2. have 

3. mangoes

4. rudely 

5. into 

6. love-simple present tense 

7. colourful 

8. Command 

9. its

1. walk quickly 

2. wait there 

3. read slowly 

4. I hurt myself today 

5. write the answer correctly.

1. across 

2. on 

3. into 

4. in

5. for

Developing bad habits spoils our character. You also lose the love, respect and trust of your near and dear ones.

The line ‘He pulled harder and harder but to no avail’ tells us that Anshuman did not succeed in pulling out the plant.

Anshuman could not pull out the plant because its roots had gone deep into the soil.

Father used implements to dig out the weed.

1. incorrect 

2. disobedient

3. inactive 

4. unsafe

The communal election system was extended to the Sikhs, Europeans, AngloIndians, Indian Christians, zamindars and Chamber of Commerce along with Muslims.

In Montague – Chelmsford report.

• General electorate 
• Communal electorate 
• Specific electorate.

(a) by the Indian Councils Act, 1909

(d) Limited and partisan right to vote.

1. Humans are homeotherms as they can regulate their body temperature with respect to the surrounding temperature. During winter, when temperature falls, the thermoreceptors detect the change in temperature and send signals to the brain. 

2. Shivering reflex i.e. rapid contraction of muscles is triggered by the brain to generate heat and raise the body temperature.

(d) All these

(a)  Motesque

In the Indian Councils Act 1909, the process of forming the provincial legislative council was kept similar to that of central legislative council. 

There were four types of members :

• Ex – office members, 
• Nominated official members, 
• Nominated non-official members 
• elected members.

 The Act established majority of non – official members but not of elected non – official members. The Act increased the membership of the provincial legislative councils. The number of membership was fixed between 30 to 50. The number of members of the provinces – Bombay, Madras, and Bengal was increased from 20 to 50, United Province and Northern Bengal provinces was raised from 15 to 50, and for Punjab, Andaman and Burma it was increased from 9 to 30.

The legislative councils could discuss in its regular meetings the bills proposed and pass them. The members could discuss the budget but could not vote on it. The approved bill from the legislative council needed the acceptance of the governor and lieutenant governor and also the approval from the governor- general. The British government was not bound to accept or to implement or to pass the bills proposed by the legislative councils.

Indian Councils Act of 1919 Provisions and Merits: 

1. Expansion of the legislative council: 

This act enlarged the size of the legislative council – both central and provincial. The number of members in the central legislative council was raised from 16 to 60. The strength in provincial legislative council was not uniform. The membership of legislative councils of Bengal, Bombay and Madras was increased to 50 members each. The provincial legislatures of United Provinces and west Bengal Provinces were to have 50 members, and that of of Assam, Burma and Punjab were to have 30 members each.

2. Communal representation: 

For the first time, Indian Councils Act gave recognition to elective principle for the appointment of non-official members to the councils. However, it introduced separate and discriminator electorate. The electorate was decided on the basis of class and community.

For the provincial councils, a provision of three categories was made – general, special and chamber of commerce. However, a fourth category Muslims was added. This was for the first time, that seats in the legislative bodies were reserved on the basis of religion of Muslims. Separate constituencies were marked for the Muslims and only Muslim community members were given the right to elect these representatives.

3. Other features: 

(1) This act empowered the members to discuss the budget and move resolutions before the final approval. They were given rights to ask supplementary questions and move resolutions on matters related to loans extended to the local bodies. 

(2) The members were given a right to discuss matters of public interests, however, the government was not bound to follow the proposals of the house. Rules were also framed under the act for the discussion of matters of general public interest in legislative councils. 

(3) No discussion was permitted on any subject not within legislative competence of the particular legislature, any matter affecting the relations of the government of India with foreign powers or native state, and any matter under adjudication by a court of law.

Merits of Minto – Morley Reforms: 

The Indian Councils Act 1909, which is known as the Minto – Morley reforms, undoubtedly had some merits, which are listed below: 

1. This Act marked an important stage in the growth of representative institutions and a step ahead towards the responsible association of elected Indians with the administration. 

2. This Act also gave recognition to the elective principles as the basis of the composition of legislative council for the first time. 

3. The Minto-Morley reforms gave some further avenues to Indians to voice their grievances. 

4. The Indians were given opportunities to criticize the executive and make suggestions for better administration. 

5. The enlargement of the legislatures strengthened the demand of complete Initialization of the legislature.

Main provisions of Indian councils Act of 1909: 

Main provisions of the Indian Council Act of 1909 have been given as below: 

1. Improvement in Central legislative assembly:

 Improving the Indian legislative assembly, number of its members was increased to 60, out of which there were 37 government members and 23 non-government members who were elected. The number of ex – officio members was 9 and they were nominated permanently. In this way, total number of members was 69. For the selection of the members, selection committee was divided into three parts – 

• General electorate 
• Communal electorate 
• Specific electorate. 

2. Organisations and rights of provincial councils: 

An amendment in the number of members was made under this act. This number was fixed between 30 to 50. Four types of members were kept in the provincial legislative councils 

• nominated members 
• nominated government members, 
• nominated non – government members 
• Ex – office members. 

An approval from the governor or lieutenant governor was essential for the bills passed by the legislative councils.

In Indian Councils Act, 1909, an amendment was made for forming the executive council of India secretary, Viceroy, Governors and the Indians were given a representation. Two Indian members were included in the council of India secretary. Membership was provided to the Indians in the executive council of viceroy.

In the executive councils of the Governors of Madras and Bombay province, Indian membership was increased from two to four, out of which at least two members would have an experience of 12 years of doing service in India under British government. In these councils, decisions were taken by voting after long discussions.

But if the voting was a tie, then governor or the president of house at that time was given a veto power of two votes or decisive vote. The governor-general was given the power that he could make any of the bill approved by any of the provincial councils cancelled by any house of British parliament.

In France declaration of rights, stress has been laid on power – separation.

(b) Congress

The people were given the right to vote under Indian Councils Act, 1909. On one hand, it was very limited, and on the other hand, it was prejudiced also. Its form was different in every province. In Madras, the zamindars who had an annual income of more than ? 15000 or who paid ? 10,000 as land revenue could vote, i.e. only they were given a right to vote.

In Bengal, a person, who had a title of a king or a Nawab, in Central Provinces a person who had an honorary title of magistrate could vote. In the same way, eligibilities for Muslims and Non-Muslims were kept different largely. A separate representation in the legislative councils in provinces was provided to Muslims, Zamindars, Chamber of Commerce, etc. in the Act of 1909. Also, they were given more representation than the ratio of their population.

Friend is seemed to be taller. Because of refraction of light.

(a) The family lives on Complaining street. 

(b) I think the street is named as ‘Complaining Street’ because there is a family which is always complaining and no one likes to meet them.

(a) The word growl here means ‘grumbling’. 

(b) They find everything amiss, since they are not satisfied or contented with anything.

(a) The folks you meet down the street are always in trouble and are complaining. 

(b) Here ‘gloomy’ means ‘depressing’.

Correct option is: (a) High frequency ultrasound

(a) Any new comers to the ‘Never-are-Satisfied’ city are advised not to enter into Complaining Street. 

(b) The alliterated words in the first line are ‘were wisest’. 

(c) The rhyming word for do is too and for feet it is street. 

(d) The rhyme scheme followed is ‘aabb’ pattern. 

(e) If we enter Complaining Street, we will be mistaken to be Grumblers.

(a) The rhyming word for ‘same’ is ‘name’. 

(b) ‘Queer’ means ‘strange’. 

(c) The queerest thing about the Grumble family is that they will never accept the name of the family.

(a) The Complaining Street is always gloomy. 

(b) The two seasons spoken here are summer and winter. 

(c) Generally the weather condition is too hot or too cold. 

(d)‘They’ refers to the grumblers in Complaining Street. 

(e) We meet the folks on Complaining Street.

(a) The alliterated words are long and leam in the second line. 

(b) The rhyming word for ‘stays’ is ‘ways’. 

(c) The Grumbler is expected to dream of the terrible jumble. 

(d) Before he could dream of the terrible jumble, he is adopted into the family of Grumble.

(a) The second line means that they always grumble and murmur showing their dissatisfaction over everything. 

(b) They grumble about the rain and sun. 

(c) The rhyming word for ‘sun’ is ‘done’. 

(d) The rhyme scheme is ‘aabb’. 

(e) When everything pleases them, the Grumble family is sure to grumble that they have nothing to grumble about.

Correct option is: (b) frequency

Correct option is: (b) ultrasound

Correct option is: (c) 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

Given, Shorter side of the parallelogram = 4.8 cm

Longer side of the parallelogram = 4.8 + 4.8/2

= 4.8 + 2.4

= 7.2cm

We know that opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel and equal.

So, Perimeter = Sum of all sides

Perimeter of the parallelogram = 4.8 + 7.2 + 4.8 + 7.2

= 24cm

∴ Perimeter of the parallelogram is 24 cm.

1. Prospero touched Miranda with his magic stick and she fell fast asleep. 

2. How happy Alonso was to see his lost son !

Equal importance is given to girls education with boys. To be frank the girl enrolment is more than boys in some schools and colleges. But in some families girls face discrimination, mostly in some backward states.

1. 1) C 2) B 3) D 4) A

2. 1) D 2) C 3) A 4) B

3. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) C

4. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B

Given: Height of the heap (h) = 2.1 m. 

diameter of the base (d) = 7.2 m 

∴Radius of the base (r) = d/2 =\(\frac{7.2}2\) = 3.6 m 

To find: Volume of the heap of the fodder and polythene sheet required

Solution:

i. Volume of the heap of fodder = 1/3πr²h 

=1/3 x \(\frac{22}7\) x (3.6)² x 2.1 

= 1/3 x \(\frac{22}7\) x 3.6 x 3.6 x 2.1 

= 1 x 22 x 1.2 x 3.6 x 0.3 

= 28.51 cubic metre

ii. Now, l² = r² + h² 

= (3.6)² + (2.1)² 

= 12.96 + 4.41 

∴ l² =17.37 

∴ l² =\(\sqrt{17.37}\) .. .[Taking square root on both sides] 

= 4.17 m 

iii. Area of the polythene sheet needed to cover the heap of the fodder = Curved surface area of the conical heap 

= πrl 

= \(\frac{22}7\) x 3.6 x 4.17 

= 47.18 sq.m 

∴ The volume of the heap of the fodder is 28.51 cubic metre and a polythene sheet of 47.18 sq.m will be required to cover it.

Given: Height of the heap (h) = 2.1 m, diameter of the base (d) = 7.2 m 

∴ Radius of the base (r) = d/2 = 7.2/2 = 3.6 m

To find: Volume of the heap of the fodder and polythene sheet required

i. Volume of the heap of fodder = (1/3) πr²h 

= (1/3) x (22/7) x (3.6)² x 2.1 

= (1/3) x (22/7) x 3.6 x 3.6 x 2.1 

= 1 x 22 x 1.2 x 3.6 x 0.3 

= 28.51 cubic metre

ii. Now, l² = r² + h² 

= (3.6)² + (2.1)² 

= 12.96 + 4.41 

∴ l² =17.37 

∴ l² = √17.37 ... [Taking square root on both sides] 

= 4.17 m

iii. Area of the polythene sheet needed to cover the heap of the fodder = Curved surface area of the conical heap

= πrl 

= (22/7) x 3.6 x 4.17 

= 47.18 sq.m 

∴ The volume of the heap of the fodder is 28.51 cubic metre and a polythene sheet of 47.18 sq.m will be required to cover it.