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When the 1977 elections were announced, Indira released all political prisoners and removed censorship on freedom of movement, campaigns, and meetings.

1. The post-Independence era is marked with less priority to education and health. 

2. The optimum development of country depends mostly on the education and health levels of the population of it. 

3. It further forms part of Human Development Indicators also. 

4. So, I suggest more priority should be given to education and health now.

The period between 1975 to 1985 was a testing time for Indian Democracy.

1. In 1992 P.V. Narasimha Rao s government passed the important amendments of 73rd and 74th. 

2. The 73rd amendment created institutions of local self governments at the village levels. 

3. The 74th amendment created institutions of local self-governments at the town and city levels. 

4. They are path-breaking as the office bearers at the local level are elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. 

5. Seats are reserved for women and Scheduled Castes and Tribes too. 

6. Powers were devolved to their respective local self-governments. 

7. Hence we can say that these two amendments were path-breaking.

1. Sometimes no single party wins a majority of seats to form a government of its own. In such the situation, a number of political parties come together and form coalition governments. 

2. A common agreement between these parties has to be arrived at, but this is not so easy. 

3. Different parties put pressure on the government for their different interests. 

4. The government cannot implement any policy for fear of withdrawal of support by one or the other partners. The governments become instable.

5. This is called policy paralise which is frequent in the coalition government.

Yes. I agree with this statement. 

The coalition could not implement any policy which called for serious change for fear of withdrawal of support by one or the other partners.

C) It disturbs nationalism and integrity of country

B) It provides opportunities to raise voice of differences

C) NTR argued that the state could be treated as a lower office of the Congress party

C) Khalisthan

C) Assassination of Indira Gandhi and Operation Blue Star -1982

Communalism: A strong sense of religious belonging that leads to extreme behavior or violence to others.

Mandal Commission provided for Other Backward Class reservations and globalization are of this period.

Rajiv liberalized system, hoped the participation of the masses, brought the telecom revolution.

Coalition: A government formed by two or more political parties governments working together.

Regional aspirations: Regions agitating for separate statehood, local parties In power, greater shares in revenue and waters, etc., more decentralization.

1. 4 thousand Sikhs were killed and state government seemed to do little to stop the violence. 

2. To apprehend and punish the guilt also took many years. 

3. This created anguish and anger among the Sikhs. 

4. Militant Sikhs killed Longoyyal, who made agreement with centre. 

5. Akal Takht made declaration of Khalistan. 

6. Several groups engaged in terrorist activities for separate state. 

7. This anti-Sikh riots of Delhi in 1984 fuelled Sikh separation and extremism.

Communalism sprang during this time through the demolition of Babri Masjid and try to build Ram Temple at Ayodhya.

Late Rajiv made an agreement with Langowali of Sikh SAD

1. Multi-party system which includes national parties and regional parties strengthens the democracy. 

2. Regional parties reflect the spirit of the federalism. 

3. Regional parties have good understanding of the problems and needs of the respective states. 

4. They focus mainly on the development of their states.

Outsiders : (In this context) The Assamese people called the Bengalis, migrators from Bangladesh, mostly Muslims.

Single party A democratic country where all the elections were won over democracy by a single political party decimating all others.

Minority: A group or party having fewer than a controlling number of votes.

Majority: The amount by which the greater number of votes is cast, as In an election, exceéds the total number of remaining votes.

The Congress, Swatantra Party, Bharatiya Jan Sangh, the Bharatiya Lok Dal and the Socialist Party decided to merge together and form the Janata Party.

1. The Hindus are led by Bharatiya Janata Party. 

2. In the year 1984 LokSabha elections they won only 2 seats.

3. It made great strides when it took up the Ayodhya issue. 

4. It decided to campaign for the building of a temple at the site of mosque. 

5. It claimed that was the birthplace of Lord Rama. 

6. L.K. Advani in 1990, led a ‘Rath Yatra’ from Somnath to Ayodhya. 

7. This campaign was accompanied by intense communal polarisation. 

8. It caused a large number of communal conflicts. 

9. In 1991 General elections BJP’s strength went up to 120.

10. It was then Rajiv was killed and sympathy wave followed the Congress, still, BJP withstood it.

Correct option is D) Ayodhya

D) All the above

Correct option is C) UPA

(i) A) Anti – Hindi movement

(ii) C) Anti Bengali, anti religion

(iii) D) LTTE issue

Senior leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan and Acharya JB Kriplani played an important role in bringing together all the anti-Congress and anti Emergency parties to fight the elections.

D) Policy paralysis

Correct option is A) Kurmis

D) Both options (A) and (B)

D) Morarji Desai

A) Anti – Flindi Agitation – MNF

C) Shirormani Akali Dal

A) Jayaprakash Narayan

Correct option is D) A and B

Correct option is D) 1992

C) Single party domination

B) Demanded greater recruitment of Assamese in the army

C) Promoting private sector

D) Sri Lanka

C) P.V. Narasimha Rao

D) LTTE, 1991

Biogeochemical pathways determine the path of transfer of matter on earth.

About 78% of nitrogen is present in the atmosphere, but plants and animals can not directly use it.

The ozone layer absorbs ultraviolet radiation from the sun, preventing it from reaching the planet’s surface.

Ozone is concentrated in a layer in the stratosphere, about 15.30 kilometers above the earth’s surface.