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B) Land available for small farmers is very less.

B) a – ii, b – i, c – iii

1. Cultivator means:

Cultivators are those who have, some land and also use land belongs to other for cultivation. 

Agricultural labourers : 

Agriculture labourers are those who are landless labourers who work on other lands. 

2. 62% 

3. Other alternative works.

1. rearing of animals 

2. selling of vegetables 

3. work in brick kiln. 

4. 1961

Punjab, Haryana, Odisha, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and some parts of Rajasthan.

Correct Answer is: (C) 54.6%

This is a farming practice in which farmer shifts from one patch of land to another. This type of farming is usually done by small group of people on small patch of land. Shifting agriculture is usually done by tribal people who grow crops just to sustain their basic needs. Jhoom cultivation is an example of shifting agriculture.

When agriculture is done with the help of artificial methods of irrigation, it is called irrigated agriculture.

Correct Answer is: (A) 18%

1. The farmers who have more than 25 acres of land and they cultivated that land are called as large farmers. 

2. Number of marginal farmers are more. 

3. 3932 lakhs acres of land cultivated by Indian farmers. 

4. 0.95 acres of land is cultivated by marginal farmers

Most of the people in India are vegetarian and hence pulses are the main source of protein in diet. Moreover, pulse crop enhances soil fertility and thus helps the farmers. Pulses are grown in rabi and kharif seasons. Pulse may not be the staple diet but is the main source of protein and hence is grown over a large area. As per data, pulses are grown over 200 lakh hectare of land in our country. Pulses comprise about 10% of total foodgrain production in India.

Answer is (A) 16 times

Answer is (D) 545

Tropical climate: The hot climate which can be experienced within the tropics.

(A) Lok sabha

Correct option is B) Town

A) Indira Gandhi International Airport

A) Jute, Paddy

The new methods were initially implemented in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, and in some districts of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamilnadu.

Our house falls under Satyanarayana puram Police Station, Vijayawada Urban.

(a) Jhumming

(b) Intensive Subsistence Type

Yes. I agree with Kranthi. It took 3 years for justice. This is not a reasonable period.

B) Highest average yielding

Role of agriculture in Indian economy is as follows: 

Means of Employment: Agriculture directly provides employment to 55.6% population of India. It supplies raw materials to many ancillary occupations; like animal husbandry, fisheries and horticulture and also to many industries. Thus, agriculture is an indirect source of employment to many other people.

Contribution to GDP: Agriculture and related occupations have major contribution in GDP. In terms of price level of 1993-94; contribution of agriculture in GDP was 55.11% in 1951 and decreased to 44.26% in 1990. In terms price level of 1999-2000; contribution of agriculture to GDP was 17.8% in 2011-12 and came down to 15.35% in 2011-12. This reduction has been mainly because of industrial development and because of growth in secondary and tertiary sectors.

Contribution to International Trade: India has a share of 2.07% in international trade in agricultural products. India is the 10th largest nation in terms of exports of agricultural products. Agriculture is the fourth largest sector in exports from India. Tea, sugar, oilseeds, tobacco, spices, fresh fruits and basmati rice are the main items of export. Other agricultural products like jute, cloth, poultry, etc. are also exported. Import is mainly composed of cereals.

Raw Materials for Industry: Many industries get raw materials from agriculture, e.g. textiles industry, sugarcane industry, vegetable oil industry, jute industry, rubber industry, spice industry, etc.

Market of Industrial Products: India’s 60% population lives in rural areas which is dependent on agriculture. Hence, this sector provides the market for farm equipments; like tractor, harvester, and also for fertilizers, insecticides, etc.

Suggestions : 

1. Better irrigation facilities : Indian agriculture is mainly dependent on monsoon. So permanent means of irrigation should be developed. 

Ex: Tube wells & Canals. 

2. Supply of Quality seeds :

1. Quality seeds should be sold through cooperative societies or village panchayats. 

2. Marginal farmers should be given seeds on loan.

3. Green Manure :

Farmers should be educated for firing green manure. Oil cakes may be used as fertilizers. 

4. Credit Facilitied : 

1. Farmers should be advanced loans at reasonable rates of interest. 

2. Regional Rural Banks should be opened.

5. Agricultural Marketing: Agricultural marketing should be improved so that the farmer gets proper price for their produce ware housing facilities should be improved. Means of transport should be strengthened.

6. Time to time weather reports telecast by govt through media.

Commercial farming: The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs, chemical fertilizers, insecticides, and pesticides in order to obtain higher productivity. The plantation is also a type of commercial farming.

Percentage of large and medium farmers is 5% but they hold 32% of total cultivable land. Their average landholding is also high. Hence they have a powerful voice.

• India is a densely populated country. 
• Farmers here are force to use small land holdings. 
• Most farmers produce enough for their own consumption. 
• They try to obtain maximum yield from available lands. 
• They are artificial irrigation and manure etc. 
• This type of farming is known as intensive subsistence farming. 
• Thus we can say India is practising subsistence farming.

A) Warm, moist, frost free

(C) Permanent Sabha

Two kinds of people are engaged in farming. 

They are : 

1. Agricultural labourers 

2. Cultivators.

(A) Jhoom cultivation 

• 45% of the land which cannot be irrigated are known as dry lands.
• It would be very difficult and expensive to irrigate these dry lands. 
• These areas must depend solely on rainfall. Hence different methods are necessary for dry land areas.

• 45% of the cultivable land which cannot easily be irrigated and depend solely on rainfall is known as dryland in our country. 
• Unlike the cultivation of irrigated lands, dryland farming poses different challenges. 

a) Conserving rainfall that the area receives is the first step. This is done through watershed development programme which includes afforestation, bunding, building check-dams, and tanks. 

b) Fertility of the soil needs to be raised by adding organic manure. 

c) Farmers may also need new varieties of seeds suitable for different regions, knowledge about the best ways of growing a mix of crops on the same land etc. Hence farming in dryland is different from other areas.

The food security of a nation depends on agriculture. A variety of raw materials required for industries are cultivated on farms.

Agriculture is also a major source of livelihood for millions.

There are two challenges for the country 

1. to grow food in sufficient quantity and 

2. to ensure that people are not undernourished even when we have food available.

Mixed Farming 

Maize is not a non-food crop

• Indian agriculture has always been dependent on monsoons. 
• Arrival and impact of monsoon decides the fate of agriculture. 
• It is both uncertain and irregular. 
• The large scale irrigation serves only one third of crop area. 
• The remaining has to suffer the vagaries of the monsoon
• Thus one can term Indian agriculture as ‘a gamble with monsoons.’

1. There are three cropping seasons

2. Kharif, Rabi and Zaid are different cropping seasons.

3. Rabi crops are sown in winter from October to December and harvested in summer.

4. Paddy, maize, jower, bajra, red gram, cotton, jute, groundnut etc., are grown in Kharif season.

5. Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables are grown in Zaid season.

Kharif, Rabi, Zaid are the three cropping seasons.

Agriculture crops depend on seasons and natural resources such as soil, water, and sunshine for cultivation. India has three cropping seasons.

1. Rabi

2. Kharif

3. Zaid

Two kinds of people are engaged in farming – agricultural laborers and cultivators.

A variety of crops are cultivated by farmers in India. They are food grains and non-food grains.

C) Beverage Crop

There would be a shortage of food grains if the government allows farmers to export food grains. So the government did not allow farmers to export food grains.

D) All – i, ii and iii

• In Green Revoluton, the farmers are encouraged to pump ground water to water-intensive crops in low rainfall areas. 
• This unsustainable pumping has reduced water storage in ground. 
• Consequently, many wells and tubewells have run dry. 
• More over the use of chemical fertilizers has also affected the long-term fertility of the soil. Hence we can say that Green Revolution has short-term gains and long term losses.

There would be a shortage of food grains if the government allows farmers to export food grains. So the government did not allow farmers to export food grains.

(A) Equatorial

The newly formed Indian Government also made (initiated) other important policy changes.

(a) The First Phase:

Between 1950-65, big dams for irrigation and electricity generation like Bhakra-Nangal, Damodar Valley, Hirakund, Nagarjuna Sagar, etc. were constructed.

(b) The Second Phase:

Green Revolution and its Spread: The government introduced a new kind of seeds to the Indian soil It was also accompanied by the use of chemical fertilizers, machinery such as tractors, and others besides irrigation facilities. High Yielding Varieties of seeds and fertilizers were the key elements of new agricultural technologies.

(c) The Third Phase:

Post reform agriculture: Foreign trade in food products was not allowed The Government started offering minimum support prices. Thus the Indian farmer produced for markets within the country.

Foreign trade could cause farmers income to fluctuate a lot. In some years farmers could lose because of cheap imports and fall in prices of farm products. So the exports ad imports should be banned. 

Small farmers will not be able to bear this loss. They will get caught in debt trap and become poorer. So this ban helps the Indian farmers in preventing them from debts and heavy losses.