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1. Berhampur Municipal Corporation authorities say that the amount of solid waste produced by the city must have increased in three years. 

2. I do agree with this statement. 

3. In 2009, itself Berhampur was producing over 150 tons of solid waste every day. 

4. Not only that, the nature of solid waste also changes every day as per change in the lifestyle of inhabitants. 

5. Usually city population increases at a rapid rate due to urbanization. 

6. Thus, the solid waste in Berhampur must have increased in 3 years.

Correct option is B) Metropolitan

Iron ore is extracted from Baiadila Mines.

About 31 % of the women are undernourished in A.P.

Tell my brother I said goodbye : Mulan

Correct option is D. Wild animals

Iron ore is mined in Jabalpur and Balaghat districts. Modern techniques are used in Bailadila Mines (Bastar). Iron ore is exported to Japan.

Mumbai and Chennai.

A) Chennai, Hyderabad, Ahmadabad, Kurnool

Correct option is A) Megacity

A) 1 lakh – 1 million

Towns: All the urban areas having a population between 5000 to 1 lakh 

Rulers began to encourage crafts persons to settle in urban areas. Urban settlements i. e., towns where people did not work in agriculture expanded.

Following are main merits of presidential form of government: 

1. Stability in government: 

The biggest quality of presidential government is that government is stable in it. Stable executive is established for a definite period of time in it. Because of the tenure of president being certain, President and his secretaries may frame long – term plans as regards governance and policy-making. 

2. Unity in administration: 

In presidential form of government, all powers are rested with President. All secretaries have to obey to the policies drafted and directed by the President. 

3. Proficiency in governance: 

In presidential government, President and his secretaries are neither required to take part in legislative affairs nor are they required to please the legislature. President appoints such persons his secretaries in different administrative fields, who are experts in their respective spheres. 

4. Free from defects of group-ism: 

In presidential form of government, there are a few political parties, and as such, there is little possibility of any chaos or party – politics. The spirit of party politics and different outlooks are found in the political domain only during election of the President. The President cannot be ousted before his fixed tenure, hence the activities of political parties get ‘slowed – down’ after the election. As a result, the defects of party-politics do not carry any bearings in this form of government. 

5. Suitable in emergency: 

Presidential form of government is very suitable in emergency situations, because decisions are quickly taken in it and these can be implemented with resolution and firmness. 

6. Suitable for states having diversity: 

Presidential form of government has a quality of suitability for states having diversities in terms of religion, language, community and culture, because on one side, it protects the interests of states, and on the other side, it sustains the unity and stability in national policies. 

7. Protection of civic liberty: 

In presidential system of governance, liberty and rights of citizens are intact. In this, entire powers are distributed in all parts of the government. In this system, besides the principle of separation of powers, the theory of checks and balances is also adopted. 

8. Freedom of legislature: 

In this system, legislature functions with more liberty. Hence, it can form laws with more impartiality and freedom. Because of these qualities, United States of America has adopted the presidential form of government.

• Stability in governance 
• Free from influence of groupism.

1. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B

2. 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) A

3. 1) A 2) C 3) A 4) D

4. 1) D 2) A 3) B . 4) A

Cities/class of cities: Urban areas having a population between 1 lakh and 1 million.

1. The given paragraph says that when the British people came to India a few dries like Mumbai and Chennai were developed for the sake of exploiting our natural resources. 

2. Visakhapatnam is also one of the cities developed like that. 

3. Much development is seen in Visakhapatnam once it came under the control of the British. 

4. My comments on this paragraph are that the colonial rulers concentrated on their profits and benefits but not the development of India. 

5. They did the same in Africa and Asian countries. 

6. I conclude with this suggestion that after Independence our rulers should have concentrated on the development of many cities and towns.

7. Now Visakhapatnam is expanding in all comers. Other cities also should be developed similar way.

“Work hard – Lead the life”. This only gives them a life with dignity.

D) Chennai is a mega city

• There has been an increase in urbanization, the necessity of providing basic infrastructure that can support this growth is missing.
• Increasing urbanization resulting in many problems like water shortage, problems of sewage, waste disposal, transportation, and many other things.

Every city usually has a master plan to design and allocate different types of areas like housing areas, markets, schools, industrial areas, office areas, parks and recreational areas, and so on.

In an ideal situation, every voter is expected to know about the different candidates, their policies and decide whose policies they would prefer and who they think can represent their interests best in the Parliament and then vote.

The Election Commission in recent times has taken very strict measures to control illegal practices.

C) They hunted animals and gathered food

• People who migrate to the city looking for work occupy land without necessary permission and build on it in the way they can afford with no help or facility from anyone. 
• They remain unauthorized for long period. When the plan is finally announced these areas may be demarked for a different purpose.
• This leads to difficult conflict situations. People face the constant threat of eviction.
•  The compensation given is insufficient to relocate back to native places or afford a residence in planned areas of the city.

Answer is (A) 5 years

Early humans hunted and gathered their food. That is why they were called hunter-gatherers.

Answer is (A) Ministry

As hunter-gatherers, they were nomadic but as agriculturists, they were increasingly sedentary.

Correct option is C) Bhim betka

(A) The members of Lok Sabha are directly elected.

The Constitution provides a parliamentary form of government. 

Lok Sabha TV telecasts daily the discussions taking place in the Parliament. 

In 1986, the Parliament adopted a National Policy on Education. 

There are two houses of Parliament – Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. 

Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both houses. Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters.

(D) All the above

No. There is no scope for political power to influence the judgement.

Reason:

Our Constitution provided us with an independent judiciary. The Legislature and the Executive cannot interfere in the work of the judiciary. The judge also conducts the trial impartially and in an open court.

(D) All the above

D) 1 – e, 2 – a, 3 – d, 4 – b, 5 – c

Normally, elections to the Lok Sabha are held every five years.

The Lok Sabha member from our area: 

Kesineni Srinivas (Nani) – TDP.

Names of a few other M.P.s from our state :

1. Pusapati Ashok Gajapathi Raju – TDP

2. Maganti Venkateswara Rao (Babu) – TDP 

3. Nirmala Sitharaman – BJP 

4. Y. Avinash Reddy – YSRCP

16 Lok Sabha elections have been held.

B) a is correct

(D) Uttar Pradesh

Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana

1. Small land holdings 

2. Dependency on seasons for rainfall 

3. High rate of interests on loans 

4. Very low minimum support price 

5. Lack of technology 

6. Big families and 

7. Some rituals. 

All these changed the cultivators as agricultural labourers.

• The policy introduced by Government with regard to the agricultural sector is known as Green Revolutin. 
• It refers to the specific plant improvement notably to the development of high yielding varieties for the increase of crop production. 

Effects of Green Revolution: 

1. The spread of HYVs to large parts of the country has led to a significant increase in crop production in the country.

2. So, it was no longer necessary to import food grains from other countries. 

3. The procurement of food grains by FCI could be used in case of shortage and can avoid drought or famine like situations and also used to supply food grains to inaccessible areas. 

4. In 1960, a farmer was able to produce on an average of 287 kgs of foodgrains, today the same farmer is able to produce nearly 800 kgs of food grains per acre. 

5. The Green Revolution has brought in several environmental imbalances.

B) Aerotropolis

Answer is (C) 364

(B) Vice-President

D) Both I and II are true

(C) All ministers including the Prime Minister

Students: 

Good morning sir. 

Police Officer: 

Good morning children. Students: Sir today we would like to know about different crimes and punishments.

Police Officer: 

Children, crimes are two kinds. 

1. Criminal crime 

2. Civil cnme. 

Students: 

Which issues are comes under criminal offence? 

Police Officer: 

A criminal offence includes theft, decoit, adulteration, bribery, preparation of dangerous drugs, etc. 

Students: 

What type of punishments are there for criminal case? Police 

Officer: 

In criminal cases punishments are in severe means 10 years imprisonment. 

Students: 

Which issues comes under civil offence? 

Police Officer: 

Civil offence includes. 

1. Peoples rights regarding land 

2. Property 

3. Income and people’s relationship with each other.

Students: 

What type of punishments are there for civil cases? Police 

Officer: 

Generally in civil cases penalities are there but imprisonment is not there. 

Students: 

Sir, sometimes some persons get punishments without committing crime also? Why? 

Police Officer: In sometimes, due to false witness some innocent people also got punishment. 

Students: 

On that time what did you do? 

Police Officer: 

In that cases, department people will continue proper investigation and find out the real persons who committed in that crime and punish them. 

Students: 

Thank you sir. Today we know about more information about crimes & punishments.