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Anadromous migration.

Stress refers to any environmental factor causing a change in the biological system which is potentially injurious.

(b) Photokinesis

Correct Answer is: (c) Tiger

(a) Pedosphere

(d) Long life expectancy

To be eligible to be categorized as biodiversity hotspot, a region must fulfill following criteria:

1. It should have more than 0.5% of total endemic species of the world. It should have at least 1500 endemic species.

2. At least 70% of original habitat of the region should have been destroyed, i.e. is under threat because of human activities.

3. Such regions are in immediate need of conservation and hence are categorized as biodiversity hotspots. Conservation programmes are implemented at large scale in such regions. The 34 biodiversity hotspots of the world are home to 42% endemic species, 55% freshwater fish and 50% endemic species of plants. Some important biodiversity hotspots of the world are, Atlantic forest, group of east Malaysian islands, Mountains of south west China, islands of Madagascar, Central America, Columbia, Central Chile, Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, Indo-Burma, etc.

Tundra biome, Taiga biome, Grassland biome, Alpine biome, Forest biome and Desert biome.

Biodiversity is an all encompassing term because living beings include plants, animals and microbes. Biodiversity encompasses all living beings, starting from microscopic algae to giant banyan trees, microscopic zooplanktons to the huge elephant and whale. As per ‘Technology Assessment Report, 1987’ by the USA, biodiversity is defined as follows: “The variety, differences and ecological complexity, found among creatures is called biodiversity.”

1. Diapause: Some lower animals suspend a certain phase of their life cycle, which is referred to as diapause. 

2. Ethology: The study of animal behaviour, under natural conditions.

1. Dimensions:

The dimensions of a physical quantity are the powers to which the fundamental units must be raised in order to obtain the unit of a given physical quantity.

2. Dimensional formula:

When any derived quantity is represented with appropriate powers of symbols of the fundamental quantities, SUCH an expression is called dimensional formula. It is expressed by square bracket with no comma in between the symbols.

3. Examples of dimensional formula:

a. Speed = \(\frac{Distance}{time}\)

∴ Dimensions of speed = \(\frac{[L]}{[T]}\) = [L¹M⁰T^-1]

[Note: As power of M is zero, it can be omitted from dimensional formula. Therefore, dimensions of speed can be written as [L¹T¹]

b. Force = Mass x acceleration = Mass x \(\frac{Distance}{(time)^2}\)

∴ Dimensions of force = \([M]\times\frac{[L]}{[T^2]}\) = [L¹ M¹ T²]

c. Kinetic energy = \(\frac{1}{2}\)mv² = \(\frac{1}{2}\) m\((\frac{Distance}{Time})^2\)

∴ Dimensions of kinetic energy = \([M^1]\times\frac{[L^2]}{T^2}\) = [L¹ M¹ T²]

d. Temperature gradient = \(\frac{Temperature}{Distance}\)

∴ Dimension of temperature gradient = \(\frac{[K]}{[L]}\) = [L^-1 M⁰ T⁰ K¹]

The errors in the quantity become power times the error, 

i.e., if \(x= p^aq^b,\) 

then \(\frac{\Delta x}{x}\,=\,a\frac{\Delta p}{p}\,+\,b\frac{\Delta q}{q}\)

Vernier Callipers suffers from least count error which can be an instrumental as well as random error. To minimize this error, repeated observations are taken several times, say 100 times, so that mean value of these observations come closer to the actual or true value of the measure quantity.

Nilgiri Tahr, Lion-tailed Macaque.

Temperature, light, water, soil, humidity and altitude, etc.

Plants or animal species found restricted to a particular area of the country are called Endemic species.

Indian lion, Leopard.

(B) Ongole breed ox

(a) Tropical zone

(a) Parthenium

(b) Biotic potential

The ways by which organism respond to abiotic stress are Regulate, Conform, Migrate and Suspends, etc.

(C) Australia

(b) A is correct R is incorrect

Organisms tend to move away temporarily from a stressful habitat to a new, hospitable area and return when the stressful period is over. Birds migrate from Siberia to Vedanthangal in Tamilnadu to escape from the severe winter periods.

The adaptive traits may be structural adaptation, behavioural adaptation and physiological adaptation.

(a) Both A and R are correct R explain A

In mechanics, three base quantities namely mass, length and time are used. Their dimensions are [M], [L] and [T].

The variation among members of a single species because of genes is called genetic diversity. This type of diversity is seen in different population groups of a species or even among different members of a population. For example, different varieties of rice show genetic diversity. Similarly, differences in height, skin colour, facial features, hair colour, etc. among human beings show genetic diversity.

(a) It is defined as the reference standard used to measure a physical quantity.

(b) (i) The physical quantity which are treated as independent of other, it means that they cannot be defined in terms of other units, are known as fundamental physical quantity. These are the units of measurement of length, mass, time etc.

(ii) These are the units of measurement of all other physical quantities which can be obtained from fundamental units, 

e.g. Velocity – (m/s), 

Acceleration –m/s² , 

Pressure – Pa Force – N.

(c) Nilgiri Tahr

White tiger is endemic to Siberia

1. Forests are the natural habitates for many types of plants (flora) and animals (fauna). 

2. Plants are primary producers as they provide food for entire human population and all other living organisms on earth. 

3. Every part of the plant is used by man and animals in their daily life, and also some of the exudates are used by man. 

4. We get cereals, pulses, oil seeds, sugars, spices, drugs, timber, fibres and coir from plants. 

5. In addition to this products like rubber, resins, fruits, vegetables, dyes, etc. are obtained from plants. 

6. Variety of animals live in the forests. Major products obtained from animals are meat, milk hair and skin. 

7. Primitive man obtained his food requirements primarily by hunting of animals in the forests. 

8. The skin of animals like tiger, lion, leopard, deer, snakes and ivory from elephants are very valuable. 

9. Thus we can say that forests are biosphere reserves.

Population density, Birth rate, Death rate, Age distribution and Population dispersion.

Regulate, Conform, Migrate and Suspend

The two most characteristic forms of behavioral adaptations are migration and courtship. Migration allows the animals to find better resources or evade threat. Courtship is a set of behavioral patterns to find a mate to reproduce. Most nocturnal animals remain underground or inactive during daytime. This is a modification of their feeding and activity pattern or habit or behaviour.

Birth rate, Death rate, Growth rate and Sex ratio.

Because all other quantities of mechanics can be expressed in terms of length be derived from one another, i.e. they are independent quantities.

This region is spread over China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia. This is spread over 2,373,000 square km. This huge hotspot is home to 13500 species of plants, 433 species of mammals, 1266 types of amphibians and 1262 types of fish.

The Western Ghats is along the western coast of Indian peninsula. It is one of the important biodiversity hotspots of the world. This is spread over 160,000 square km. The state of Kerala comes within the Western Ghats. There are 5916 species of plants and animals in this hotspot, out of which about 50% are endemic species.

Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot is partially in India.

China, India, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Malaysia.

D) Both A and B

(D) 1-7-1972

Answer is (A) 1972

Answer is (B) 1972

1. Nilgiris (Tamil Nadu – Kerala) 

2. Agasthya malai (Tamil Nadu – Kerala – Karnataka) 

3. Gulf of Mannar (Tamil Nadu)

Higher the altitude, lower the atmospheric oxygen. Hence to compensate the oxygen demand they adapt themselves showing enhanced RBC count in the blood.

(c) Both the statements are correct

Since f(θ) is a sum of different powers of θ, it has to be dimensionless, then LHS should also be dimensionless.

According to homogeneity principle, if RHS is dimensionless, then LHS should also be dimensionless.