Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Cow  lives in the cow sheds

Correct answer is  

Sleep→8hrs, Study→3hrs, Meals→2hrs, School→7hrs and Personal time 4 hrs.

Copper vessels tarnish due to the formation of basic copper carbonate which gets neutralized when rubbed with lemon and the copper vessel regains its shine.

We have, 

Number of players = 17 

Number of players to be select for team =11 

Number of bowlers = 5 

Number of bowlers to be select = 4 

Number of players other than bowlers =12 

4 bowlers out of 5 can be selected in ⁵C₄ ways and 7(i.e., 11-4 = 7) other players can be selected out of 12 (i.e., 17 – 5 = 12) in ¹²C₇ ways. 

∴ Required number of ways = ⁵C₄ x ¹²C₇

= ⁵C₁ x ¹²C₅

∴ ⁿC_r = ⁿC_{n - r}

= 5((12 x 11 x 10 x 9 x 8)/(5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1)) = 3960

We have to select one king out of 4 kings and four other cards out of 48. This can be done in ⁴C, x ⁴⁸C₄ ways

= (10 x 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3)/(2 x 1) = 907200

∴ Required number of ways = ⁴C₁ x ⁴⁸C₄ 

= 4 x 2 x 47 x 46 x 45 = 778320

(3) 20%

let us consider the CP as x

SP of 1 pen = x/10

CP of 1 pen = x/12

Since SP is more than CP its Gain

Gain = SP – CP

= x/10 – x/12

= x/60

∴ Gain% = (Gain × 100) /CP

= ((x/60) × 100) / (x/12)

= 20%

(2) 25%

let us consider the CP of a pencil be x

SP of 100 pencils = 100x

Gain of 20 pencils = 20x

∴ we calculate CP = SP – Gain

= 100x – 20x

= 80x

∴ Gain% = (Gain × 100) /CP

= ((20x) × 100) / 80x

= 25%

(4) 150%

we know that the CP of 1 toffee = ₹1/5

SP of 1 toffee = ₹1/2

Since SP is more than CP it’s a Gain

Gain = SP – CP

= ½ – 1/5

= 3/10

∴ Gain% = (Gain × 100) /CP

= ((3/10) × 100) / (1/5)

= 150%

Cost Price of 1 toffee = Rs.1/5 

Selling Price of 1 toffee = Rs.1/2 

Gain = SP – CP 

= 1/2 - 1/5 

= 3/10

\(Gain\%=\frac{Gain\,\times\,100}{CP}\)

\(=\frac{\frac{3}{10}\times100}{\frac{1}{5}}\)

= 150%

Cost Price of 1 Orange = Rs.10/5 = Rs.2 

Selling Price of 1 Orange = Rs.15/6 = Rs.2.5 

Gain = SP – CP 

= 2.5 - 2 

= 0.5

Gain Percent = \(Gain\%=\frac{Gain\,\times\,100}{CP}\)

= (0.5 × 100) / 2 

= 25%

When two similar items are sold at same price, one at a gain and other at a loss of same percent. Then always a loss will be occurred. 

Loss % = (Common Loss and Gain Percent / 10)² 

= (10/10)² 

= (1)² = 1 

So, Loss will be 1%.

(b) 25%

Because,

Selling price of bat = ₹ 100

Amount gain by selling bat = ₹20

Cost price of the bat = (100 – 20)

= ₹ 80

Gain % = {(gain/CP) × 100}

= {(20/80) × 100}

= {(20/20) × 25}

= 25%

SP = Rs.950 

Loss % = 5

CP = \(\frac{100}{100\,-\,Loss\%}\times SP\)

= \(\frac{100}{100\,-\,5}\times 950\)

= Rs.1000

New SP will be Rs.1040 

Gain = SP - CP 

= 1040 – 1000 

= Rs.40

\(Gain\%=\frac{Gain\,\times\,100}{CP}\)

= (40 × 100) / 1000 

= 4%

Let the market price of the article be Rs. x 

∴ Discount 15% of x = 15/100 x X = 3x/20

⇒ Remaining cost = x – 3x/20 = 17x/20

Sales tax = 10% 

∴ price paid by prabha = 110/100 x 17x/20 = 187x/200

Given 187x/200 = 374 = x = 374 = 2000/187 = 400 

∴ Market price = Rs. 400

(a) 12.5%

Because,

Let the CP be, ₹ x

Then, x – (1/7)x = 144

= (7x –x) = (144 × 7)

= x = (144 ×7)/6

= x = 168

∴ CP = ₹ 168,

New SP = ₹189

Gain = SP –CP

= 189 – 168

= 21

Gain % = {(gain/CP) × 100}

= {(21/168) × 100}

= {2100/168)

= 12.5%

SP = Rs.720 

Loss % = 25

CP  \(=\frac{100}{100\,-\,Loss\%}\times SP\)

\(=\frac{100}{100\,-\,25}\times 720\)

= Rs.960

SP = \(\frac{100\,+\,Gain\%}{100}\times CP\)

= \(\frac{100\,+\,25}{100}\times 960\)

= Rs.1200

Let x be the CP of an umbrella

SP = \(\frac{100\,-\,Loss\%}{100}\times CP\)

\(336=\frac{100\,-\,4}{100}\times x\)

\(336=\frac{96x}{100}\)

= Rs.350

So, CP of an umbrella is Rs.350.

New SP to gain 4%

SP = \(\frac{100\,+\,Gain\%}{100}\times CP\)

\(=\frac{100\,+\,4}{100}\times350\)

\(=\frac{104}{100}\times350\)

= Rs.364 

So, to gain 4% on Umbrella new Selling Price will be Rs.364.

Let x litres and y litres be the amount of acids from 50% and 25% acid solutions respectively. 

As per the question 

50% of x + 25% of y = 40% of 10

⇒ 0.50x + 0.25y = 4 

⇒ 2x + y = 16 ………(i) 

Since, the total volume is 10 liters, so 

x + y = 10 

Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get 

x = 6 

Now, putting x = 6 in (ii), we have 

6 + y = 10 ⇒ y = 4 

Hence, volume of 50% acid solution = 6litres and volume of 25% acid solution = 4litres.

Answers of the students are likely to be different. Length of cloth needs to be measured up to a millimetre (mm) length.

Hence, to obtain accurate and precise reading one must use measuring instrument having least count smaller than 1 mm.

But least count of metre scale is 1 mm. As a result, even smallest uncertainty in reading would vary reading significantly. Also, skill of students doing measurement may also introduce uncertainty in observation. Hence, their answers are likely to be different.

The even prime numbers 2 .

Let the two numbers be 5a and 5b as HCF of the two numbers = 5 

∴ Product of the two number = HCF × LCM 

⇒ 5a × 5b = 5 × 175 ⇒ ab = \(\frac{175}{5}=35\)

(a, b) can be (1, 35) or (5, 7) 

Thus, the numbers can be (1 × 5 and 35 × 5) or (5 × 5 and 5 × 7), i.e., (5 and 175) or (25 and 35) The sum = 60 is satisfied by the pair (25, 35). Hence, the difference of the numbers is 10.

1. 59 and 61 

2. 71 and 73

Given, HCF of two numbers = 9 

LCM of two numbers = 54 

One of the two numbers a = 18 

Then, the other number b = ? 

We know, that the product of two numbers = LCM × HCF 

a × b = LCM × HCF 

18 × b = 54 × 9

b = \(\frac{54\times9}{18}\) = 27 

∴ The other number = 27

LCM = Product of the taken twin primes and HCF = 1

Accounting Treatment in Case of Dissolution : With the dissolution of firm normal business activity stops and process of realization of firm’s assets and payment of liabilities starts. 

To complete this process following accounts are prepared :

• Realization account
• Bank or cash account
• Partners’ capital account
• Other necessary accounts.

Realisation account is opened on the dissolution of a firm. The object of preparing this account is to determine gain (profit) or loss on the realisation of assets and payment of liabilities. 

Realisation account is prepared by:

• Transferring all assets except cash or bank account to the debit side of the account.
• Transferring all liabilities except partner’s loan account and partners’ capital account to the credit side of the account.
• Amount realised on sale of assets is credited to the account.
• Liabilities paid are debited to the account.
• Expenses incurred by the firm on dissolution are debited. Balance in the account is either profit or loss which is transferred to the capital account of the partners in their profit sharing ratio.

Account Entries Regarding Dissolution
(i) On Transfer of Assets (Except Bank or Cash Balance)
Realisation A/C
To Sundry Assets A/C
(Being balance of assets transferred)

(ii) On Transfer of Liabilities (Except Capital Account. Current Account, Reserve, P&L Account, Reserve Fund and Partners’ Loan Account) Sundry Liabilities A/c
To Realisation A/C
(Being balance of sundry liabilities transferred)

(iii) On Sale of Assets
Cash/Bank/A/C Dr.
To Realisation A/C
(Being cash realized from sale of assets)

(iv) On Taking Over Some Assets by a Partner
Partners Capital A/C Dr.
To Realisation A/C
(Being assets taken over by the partner)

(v) On Payment of Transferred Liabilities
Realisation A/c Dr.
To Cash/Bank A/C
(Being sundry liabilities paid off)

(vi) On Taking Responsibility of Payment of Any Liability by a Partner
Realisation A/C Dr.
To Partners’ Capital A/c
(Being liabilities taken over by the partners’)

(vii) On Payment of Unforeseen Liability or Dissolution Expenses
Realisation A/c Dr.
To Cash/Bank A/C
(Being expenses paid)

(viii) On Transfer of Credit Balance of (Profit) Realisation Account
Realisation A/C Dr.
To Partners’ Capital A/C
(Being profit transferred to capital Account)

(ix) Transfer of Debit Balance of (Loss) Realisation Account
Partners’ Capital A/C Dr.
To Realisation A/c
(Being loss transferred to capital Account)

(x) Expenses Paid by a Partner
Realisation A/C Dr.
To Partners’ Capital A/C
(Being expenses paid by partner)

(xi) On Bearing Any Realisation Expenses by a Partner as Realisation Agent.
Realisation A/c Dr.
To Partners’ Capital A/C
(Being commission allowed to partner)

[Note : Sometimes, liabilities are not transferred to realisation account. In such a case the liabilities are directly paid only profit loss if any arising out of it is transferred to realisation account. When such liabilities along with other liabilities which are not transferred to realisation account are paid and the following accounting entries are done in the following manner.]

(xii) On Payment of Liabilities over and Above the Book Value
Sundry Liabilities A/c Dr. (by book value)
Realisation A/C Dr. (by difference)
To Cash/Bank A/C (by amount paid)
(Being liabilities paid off and loss transferred)

(xiii) On Payment of Liabilities Below the Book Value Sundry
Liabilities A/c Dr. (by book value)
To Cash/Bank A/C (by amount paid)
To Realisation A/C (by difference amount)
(Being sundry liabilities paid off and profit transferred)

(xiv) On Payment of Partner’s Loan
Partner’s Loan A/c Dr. (by amount paid)
To Cash/Bank A/c
(Being loan paid off)

(xv) On Distribution of Old Undistributed Profit Dissolution is as follows
General Reserve A/C Dr.
Reserve Fund A/C Dr.
Profit and Loss A/C Dr.
To Partners’ Capital A/c
(Being undistributed profit transferred)

(xvi) On Distribution of Old Undistributed Loss
Partners’ Capital A/c Dr. (in profit sharing ratio)
To Profit and Loss A/C (by undistributed loss)
(Being undistributed loss transferred)

(xvii) On Bringing Cash by a Partner to Make up Deficiency of Capital
Cash/Bank A/C Dr. (by amount brought in)
To Partners’ Capital A/C
(Being cash brought by partners)

(xviii) On Payment of Capital Account Balance to Partners
Partners’ Capital A/C Dr. (by amount paid)
To Cash/Bank A/C
(Being balance of capital account paid)

[Note: Lastly, the balance in cash/bank is only as much as it is to be paid to the partners hence, with the last entry all accounts of the firm close automatically.]

Partners Capital Account: After the transfer of profit or loss on realisation, undistributed profit reserves etc. to the capital account of the partners, 

The balance of capital account are closed in the following manner :

1. When a partner is required to bring in cash to clear off his debit balance. The entry will be
Cash/Bank A/C Dr.
To Partners’ Capital A/C
(Being required cash brought in by the partner)

2. When a partner is paid the credit balance of his account
Partners’ Capital A/C Dr.
To Cash/Bank A/C
(Being excess cash paid to partner)

Cash or Bank Account:Opening balance of cash and bank and all the receipts are entered on the debit side of this account and all the payments are entered on the credit side of this account. This account must be prepared and closed last of all and the total of both the sides of this account must be equal. In this way this account also helps in the verification of the arithmetical accuracy of the account.

[Note: If cash balance and bank balance both are given in the balance sheet, only one account either a cash account or a bank account is prepared. If cash account is prepared an entry is passed for withdrawing the bank balance and if a bank account is prepared, the cash balance is deposited into the bank.]

Other Required Accounts : On the dissolution of firm, partner’s loan Account, partners current account, reserve and undistributed losses accounts are prepared and deficiency account in case of insolvency of all partners is also prepared.

(i) Prime Factorization : Express each of the given numbers as the product of their prime factors. The HCF of the given numbers is the product of the least powers of common factors.

24 = 2³ × 3, 32 = 2⁵ ⇒ HCF (24, 32) = 2³ = 8.

(ii) Continued Division Method : Divide the larger number by the smaller number. If the remainder is zero, the divisor is the HCF, otherwise divide the previous divisor by the remainder last obtained. Repeat this until the remainder becomes zero. 

To find the HCF of more than two numbers, first find the HCF of any two numbers and then find the HCF of the result and the third number and so on. The final HCF is the required HCF.

Note : The HCF of two co-prime numbers is 1, as they have no factors in common.

Let the persons required to build a house in 6 days be x. 

Days required to build a house and number of persons are in inverse proportion.

 ∴ 6 × x = 8 × 3 

∴ 6 x = 24 

∴ x = 4 

∴ 4 persons are required to build the house in 6 days.

i. Let 15 : 25 = x % 

∴  \(\frac{15}{25}\) = \(\frac{x}{100}\)

∴  x = \(\frac{15}{25}\) x 100 = 15 x 4 = 60%

∴ 15 : 25 = 60 % 

ii.  Let 47 : 50 = x%

∴ \(\frac{47}{50}\) = \(\frac{x}{100}\) 

∴  x = \(\frac{47}{50}\) x 100 = 47 x 2 = 94%

47 : 50 = 94%

iii. Let \(\frac{7}{10}\) =  x %

∴  \(\frac{7}{10}\) = \(\frac{x}{100}\) 

∴ x = \(\frac{7}{10}\) x 100 = 7 x 100 =70%

∴ \(\frac{7}{10}\) = 70%

If a, b, c are in continued proportion then 

b² = ac. 

i. 2, 4, 8 

Let, a = 2, b = 4 and c = 8 

Here, b² = 4² = 16 

ac = 2 x 8 = 16 

∴ b² = ac 

∴ 2, 4,8 are in continued proportion.

ii. 1, 2, 3 

Let, a = 1, b = 2 and c = 3 

Here, b² = 2² = 4 

ac = 1 x 3 = 3 

∴ b² ≠ ac 

∴ 1, 2,3 are not in continued proportion. 

iii. 9, 12, 16 

Let, a = 9, b = 12 and c = 16 

Here, b² = 12² = 144

ac = 9 x 16 = 144 

∴ b² = ac 

∴ 9, 12, 16 are in continued proportion. 

iv. 3, 5, 8 

Let, a = 3, b = 5 and c = 8 

Here, b² = 5² = 25 

ac = 3 x 8 = 24 

∴ b² ≠ ac 

∴ 3, 5, 8 are not in continued proportion.

a, b, c are in continued proportion. … [Given] 

∴ b² = ac 

∴ b² = 3 x 27 …[∵ a = 3 and c = 27] 

∴ b² = 81

∴ b = 9 …[Taking square root of both sides]

(a + b + c)(a – b + c) = a² + b² + c² … [Given] 

∴ a(a – b + c) + b(a – b + c) + c(a – b + c) 

= a² + b² + c² 

∴ a² – ab + ac + ab – b² + be + ac – be + c² 

= a² + b² + c² 

∴ a² + 2ac – b² + c² = a² + b² + c² 

∴ 2ac – b² = b² 

∴ 2ac = 2b² 

∴ ac = b² 

∴ b² = ac 

∴ a, b, c are in continued proportion.

Since 25, 35, x are in continued proportion, we have:

= 36: 54 :: 54: x

We know that,

Product of extremes = product of means

= 36 × x = 54 × 54

= 36x = 2916

= x = (2916/36)

= x = 81

(a + b + c)(a – b + c) = a² + b² + c² …[Given] 

∴ a(a – b + c) + b(a – b + c) + c(a – b + c) = a² + b² + c² 

∴ a² – ab + ac + ab – b² + be + ac – be + c² = a² + b² + c² 

∴ a² + 2ac – b² + c² = a² + b² + c²

∴ 2ac – b² = b² 

∴ 2ac = 2b² 

∴ ac = b² 

∴ b² = ac 

∴ a, b, c are in continued proportion.

Let the first number be x. 

∴ Third number = 26 – x 

12 is the mean proportional of x and (26 – x).

∴ \(\frac{x}{12}\) = \(\frac{12}{26-x}\)

∴ x(26 – x) = 12 x 12 

∴ 26x – x² = 144 

∴ x² – 26x + 144 = 0 

∴ x² – 18x – 8x + 144 = 0 

∴ x(x – 18) – 8(x – 18) = 0

∴ (x – 18) (x – 8) = 0 

∴ x = 18 or x = 8 

∴ Third number = 26 – x = 26 – 18 = 8 or 26 – x 

= 26 – 8 = 18 

∴ The numbers are 18, 12, 8 or 8, 12, 18.

(i) Now m = y/x = 12.5m/second, 

The equation of the line is y = mx + c … (1) 

Put c = -150, m = 12.5 m, 

The equation of motion of the train is y = 12.5x – 150

(ii) To find the time taken to cross a pole we take y 

= 0 in (1) 

⇒ 0 = 12.5x – 150 ⇒ 12.5x = 150

x = 150/12.5 = 12 seconds

(iii) When y = 850 in (1) 

850 = 12.5 x – 150 ⇒ 12.5x = 850 + 150 = 1000

x = 100/12.5 = 80 seconds

Homogenizing the given equations 3x² + 5xy – 3y² + 2x + 3y = 0 and 3x – 2y – 1 = 0 

(i.e) 3x – 2y = 1.

We get (3x² + 5xy – 3y²) + (2x + 3y)( 1) = 0 

(i.e) (3x² + 5xy – 3y²) + (2x + 3y)(3x – 2y) = 0 

3x² + 5xy – 3y² + bx² – 4xy + 9xy – 6y² = 0 

9x² + 10xy – 9y² = 0 

Coefficient of x² + coefficient of y² = 9 – 9 = 0 

⇒ The pair of straight lines are at right angles.

(b) 9/2

Equation of a line perpendicular to 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 is 3x + 2y = k. It passes through (1, 3). 

3 + 6 = k ⇒ k = 9, 3x + 2y = 9 

To find y-intercept x = 0, 2y = 9, y = 9/2

9x² + 24xy + 16y² + 21x + 28y + 6 = 0 

Here a = 9.6, 

b = 16, 

g = 21/2, f = 14, c = 6, h = 12

h² – ab = (12)² – 9(16) = 144 – 144 = 0 

∴ The lines are parallel. 

9x² + 24xy + 16y² = (3x + 4y)(3x + 4y) 

Let 9x² + 24xy + 16y² + 21x + 28y + 6 = (3x + 4y + l)(3x + 4y + m) 

Equating the coefficients of x and constant term 

3l + 3m = 21 

lm = 6 

Solving we get, l = 1 or 6 m = 6 or 1 

∴ The separate equations are 3x + 4y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 6 = 0 

The distance between the parallel lines are |(6 - 1)/√(9 + 16)| = 5/5 = 1 unit.

Micro economics deals with the study of economic behaviour of small individual economic units such as individual consumer, firm, producer etc.

The various features of Micro economics are as follows:

i. Price Theory:

• All the factors of production (such as land, labour, capital and entrepreneur) contribute towards the production process.  
• As a consideration, they receive rewards in the form of rent, wages, interest and profits respectively.
• Micro economics deals with the determination of such rewards i.e. factor prices. 
• Also, it deals with the determination of prices of goods and services.
• Hence, it is correctly known as “price theory”.
• Price theory benefits both, the consumers (by  rendering  guidance  as  to  how  to  make  optimum use of money to attain maximum satisfaction) as well as the producer (by rendering  guidance as to how to fix the price of a product / service, which would fetch maximum profit). 

ii. Partial equilibrium: 

• Micro economic analysis is a partial equilibrium analysis. 
• Partial equilibrium analyses equilibrium position of an individual economic unit i.e. individual consumer, individual firm, individual industry etc.
• It isolates an individual unit from other forces and proceeds with the assumption “Other things remaining the same” (Ceteris Paribus). Many theories of micro‐economics are based on such assumptions.
• Partial equilibrium also neglects the interdependence between economic variables.

iii. Microscopic approach:

• Micro economics analyzes and examines each individual unit separately in detail. 
• In the words of Prof. A.P. Lerner, “It is looking at the economy through microscope, as it were to see how the millions of cells in the body of economy ‐ the individuals or households as consumers, and individuals or firms as producers, play their part in the working of whole economic organism.” 
• Thus, micro economics is said to conduct the microscopic study of the economy.   
• Micro economics gives us a ‘worms’ eye view of the economy. In simple words, it studies the tree and not the entire forest as a whole.

iv. Analysis of Resource Allocation and Economic Efficiency:  

• Micro economics deals with the resource allocation among the competing groups.
• It further explains how the relative prices of both, goods as well as factors of production would determine the allocation of resources.
• This in turn, can help to answer the following questions: 

Who will produce the goods? 

What goods will be produced? 

In what quantities the goods will be produced?

How to price the produced goods?

How will they be distributed? etc.

• Moreover, it examines whether the given allocation of resources is efficient or not i.e. whether it results in the economic welfare of society.

v. Use of Marginalism Principle:  

• Marginal refers to the change brought about in total by an additional unit (marginal unit). 
• Micro economics makes use of marginalism principle as its tool of analysis as all important micro economic decisions are taken at the margin.
• The concept of marginalism is important in all the areas of micro economics.  
• Producers and consumers also take economic decisions using this principle.

vi. Analysis of Market Structure:  

• Micro economics analyses different market structures such as perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, oligopoly etc. and explains how prices and quantities are determined in these markets.

vii. Based on Certain Assumptions: 

• Many economists have used micro economic analysis to develop different theories which are based on the assumption of Ceteris Paribus which means “Other things remaining the same”.
• The theories follow the partial equilibrium analysis in order to study a particular individual unit of an economy.
• They are based on certain assumptions such as perfect competition, laissez fair policy, pure capitalism, full employment, ceteris paribus etc, which do not exist in reality. 
• These assumptions make the analysis simple and the theories static, but at the same time neglect the interdependence between economic variables and the changing economic world.

viii. Limited Scope:

• The scope of micro economics is limited since it doesn’t deal with the nationwide economic problems such as inflation, deflation, balance of payment situation, poverty, unemployment, population, economic growth etc.

ix. Study of individual units: 

• Individual economic unit refers to the smallest part of an economy viz. individual household, individual firm, individual income, etc.  
• Micro economics studies the economic behaviour of such individual economic units.
• In other words, micro economics splits the economy into small individual units and further studies each unit separately.

x. Slicing Method:

• Micro economics uses slicing method since it splits or divides the whole economy into small individual units and then studies each unit separately in detail.

No, I do not agree with the above statement.

Reasons:

• The subject matter of micro economics includes the theory of product and factor pricing.
• The theory of product pricing explains how the prices of different commodities such as cloth, wheat, rice, sugar, etc. are determined.
• The theory of factor pricing explains how prices of various factors of production such as rent for land, wages for labour, interest for capital and profits for entrepreneur are determined.  
• These are determined by the forces of demand and supply in the economy.
• Micro economics helps in determining product prices as well as factor prices.

Therefore, Micro economics is not known as income theory but is known as price theory.

When she turned sixteen and was under pressure to get married, Santosh threatened her parents that she would never marry if she did not get a proper education. Therefore, she left home and got herself enrolled in a school in Delhi.

From her room in Kasturba Hostel, she watched people going up the Aravalli Hills and vanishing after a while. On investigating, she found nobody except a few mountaineers, and she asked if she could join them. They agreed and even motivated her to take to climbing and so she later accompanied them on their climbing expedition. This was how she began climbing mountains.

Even though Santosh’s parents could afford to send their children to the best schools, she was sent to the local village school due to the’ prevailing custom in the family.

Santosh, from the very beginning, lived life on her own terms. She was not content with the traditional way of life and was not ready to accept anything unreasonable. Where other girls wore traditional Indian dresses, Santosh preferred shorts.

The ‘holy man’ was surprised because he had assumed that Santosh’s mother wanted a son. But her grandmother told him that they did not want a son.

The various indices to measure development of a nation are;

1. PQLI – Physical Quality of Life Index
2. HDI – Human Development Index
3. GDI – Gender Development Index
4. TAI – Technological Achievement Index
5. HPI – Human Poverty Index
6. HCI – Human Consumer Index

Correct option is (A) Economic development

Limitations of HDI:

• HDI includes only three social indicators. It should also include other social indicators.
• All three indicators are given equal weightage. But in reality, with respect to time and situation different indicators may have different importance.
• Human Development Index is not an absolute expression. Since it compares one country with the other it shows relative progress. So, one cannot say how far has India developed individually by studying the HDI.