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None of these.

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• Cardinality is the number of rows (tuples) 
• Hence number Of tuples is 22 
• Degree is the number of columns (attributes) 
• Hence number of attributes 7

π (pi) Greek letter is used to denote Project operation in relational algebra.

Correct answer is (c) Relay

By using primary key.

1. σ_amount >25000 (Deposit) 

2. π_{AccNo, amount} (deposit)

Correct answer is (b) Tuple

None of these.

• Primary key: It is a set of one or more attributes used to uniquely identify a row. 
• Alternate key: A candidate key other than the primary key.

1 – b 

2 – c 

3 – a.

(a) databases – database is an organized collection of information. 

(b) Data Denition Language(DDL) – Data Denition Language is used to specify the denitions of Da-tabase Schema. The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables stored in a special le called data dictionary. 

(c) Data Manipulation Language(DML) – It is a language that enable users to access or manipulate data in the database. It also provides interfaces with programming languages. 

(d) Users – users interact with DBMS indirectly via application programs or directly via simple query language.

a. This query returns all the tuples (rows) that contain BPB in column publisher.

b. This query returns the column Book_Title with price < 200. 

Book Title

Computer Fundamentals C++ Programming Mystery of Chemistry.

(a) databases – database is an organized collection of information. 

(b) Data Denition Language(DDL) – Data Denition Language is used to specify the denitions of Da-tabase Schema. The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables stored in a special le called data dictionary. 

(c) Data Manipulation Language(DML) – It is a language that enable users to access or manipulate data in the database. It also provides interfaces with programming languages.

(d) Users – users interact with DBMS indirectly via ; application programs or directly via simple query language.

Components of DBMS 

1. Databases – It is the main component. 

2. Data Denition Language (DDL) – It is used to dene the structure of a table. 

3. Data Manipulation Language (DML) – It is used to add, retrieve, modify and delete records in a database. 

4. Users- With the help of programs users interact with the DBMS

1. Select → c) o → (ii) 

2. Union → d) ∪ → (iv) 

3. Set difference → b) – → (i)

Users of Database: 

1. Database Administrator: It is a person who has a central control over the DBMS. 

2. Application Programmer: These are computer professionals who interact with the DBMS through programs. 

3. Naive users: He is an end user. He does not know the details of DBMS.

DBA, Other type users are Appl Prograammer and Naive users.

(a) Insert, delete, select and update 

(b) insert into STUD

values(101,’Anoop’,’Science’,75);

‘where’ clause applies on single rows but Having clause applies on a group.

452 and 356 have 2 and 6 in their ones place respectively. 

So, they are divisible by 2.

673 and 259 have 3 and 9 in their ones place respectively. 

So, they are not divisible by 2.

1. soldier

2. sides

3. forget

4. saluted

5. unwillingly

6. drifting

Since the number of electrons is same in all these species. So, these species are known as isoelectronic species.

(b) Increasing order of radii:

Mg²⁺ < Na⁺< F⁻< O²⁻<N³⁻

(c) The electron gain enthalpy of F is less than Cl due to small size of fluorine.

(a) Ionization Enthalpy : The energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous atom in its ground state is called ionization enthalpy. It is represented by ∆_iH.

(b) Electron Gain Enthalpy: When an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom to convert it into a negative ion, the enthalpy change accompanying the process is called electron gain enthalpy. The unit of electron gain enthalpy is kJ/mol.

(i) Among Cu⁺ , Cu²⁺ or Cu, Cu is largest in size due to less effective nuclear charge.

Cu 

No. of protons = 29,

No. of electrons = 29

Cu⁺ 

No. of protons = 29,

No. of electrons = 29-1 = 28

Cu²⁺

No. of protons = 29,

No. of electrons 29-2 = 27

(ii) In the periodic table, helium (He) has highest ionization energy (IE).

(iii) Among Mg or Al, Mg is more metallic due to its low ionization energy.

(a) ₇N = 1s², 2s², 2px¹,2py¹,2pz¹

₈O = 1s², 2s², 2px²,2py¹,2pz¹

Since nitrogen has half-filled p-orbital which are more stable than incompletely filled p-orbitals of oxygen. So, ionization enthalpy of nitrogen is more than that of oxygen.

(b) ₉F = 1s², 2s², 2px²,2py²,2pz¹

₁₇Cl = 1s², 2s², 2p⁶,3s²,3px², 3py²,3pz¹

Fluorine has two shells and the incoming electron is to be accommodated in the second shell. As the radius of second shell is smaller than that of third shell so incoming electron has to face electronic repulsion due to increased electron density. So, electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less than that of chlorine.

(c) Anion in formed by gain of electron by adding extra electron, the net nuclear charge decreases on the valence shell. Hence the radius of anion is greater than that of parent atom. On the other hand the cations are formed by loss of electron, this removes the valence shell and as the number of shells decreases, the radius of cation also decrease as compared to parent atom.

(a) The species N³⁻, O²⁻, F⁻,Na⁺ in their increasing order of ionic radii:

Na⁺ < F⁻ < O²⁻ < N³⁻

(b) Across the period-Atomic radii decrease on account of the following facts: Nuclear charge increases progressively by one unit but the additional electron goes to the same principal shell. As a result, the electron cloud is pulled closer to the nucleus by the increased effective nuclear charge.

Across the group: Atomic radii increase

Reason: Nuclear charge increases with increase in atomic numbers but at the same time, there is progressive increase in principal energy levels.

(a) In the gaseous state, the atoms are widely separated, therefore, interatomic forces are minimum. It is because of this reason the term 'isolated gaseous atom' has been included in definition of ionization enthalpy.

(b) The effective nuclear charge increases across a period. Both Na and Mg⁺ has same numbers of electrons in outermost shell, but Mg+ has more effective nuclear charge than Na. As the effective nuclear charge increases, the hold of the nucleus on the outermost electrons will also be increased. Thus, it will be very difficult to remove the electrons for outer most shell. That's why it is difficult to remove electron from Mg⁺ as compared to Na.

(c) Elements in the same group in the periodic table have similar chemical properties because their atoms have the same number of electrons in the highest outermost shell.

(d) Mary Beazley

Both hated each other. Science Miss gave her a “Sugary smile” concealing her hostility. But Miss. Meadows enquiries responded to her deception always with a cold grimace.

Miss. Meadows had chosen “A lament” as a lesson for that particular day. She was only in a mood to lament her broken engagement and shattered dreams. The choice of the music lesson reflected her real mood of dejection and despondency.

Miss. Meadows had received a letter from Mr. Basil calling off the marriage. She deemed it a kind of personal failure. Her anger and disappointed became despair. She carried cold despair buried deep in her heart like a wicked knife.

It is true that attitude makes or mars things. I was waiting for my Std X public exam resuls. I had put in 10 hours of work everyday. I was an average boy but I hoped to join the top five any time. The results were scheduled to be out the next morning. I have no internet connectivity at home. But one of my friends had it. His name is Murali. His father had come to my home. When I was out, he had told my parents I had failed in one subject. When I returned home, I found both my parents upset. I asked them what was wrong. They said it was a bad day. I asked them to tell me what was in their mind. They asked me to take things as they come by.

I didn’t understand. My dad told philosophically that failure is a stepping stone to success. Still they were not open with me. When I went out for tea, the local newspapers carried Std X public exam results. To my joy, I had passed with a first class. When I broke the news, my parents disclosed what had upset them. If they had just not reacted to the wrong information, their natural joy would not have been robbed. Now that they knew the information, they were over joyed. I just wondered at the human capacity to go down in misery and bounce back to extreme joy just by a turn of events. The best course of action to be happy all the time would be to. retain the key to our happiness and never give up on our joy to any external event.

“Don’t take it on yourself to repay a wrong. Trust the Lord and He will make it right.”

Miss. Meadow was heart-broken. The letter written by Basil had pierced her heart and she was bleeding. Her hatred and anger became a knife and she carried it with her. Her icy cold response to science Miss demonstrates it. She is least bothered about the tender feelings of young children who look at her face all time for a friendly nod or smile of approval. Her favourite pupil Mary Beazley is baffled at her treatment of the chrysanthemum she had brought with so much love. The choice of the song “A lament” perfectly jells well with her worst mood. She is in fact in her heart lamenting over the loss of love, trust and future hopes. She is unnecessarily severe with young children forcing them to redo the singing which drives them to despair, pain and tears they manage to stifle.

After she receives the telegram from Basil apologizing for his insane letter, her mood changes to joy. She takes the chrysanthemum and keeps it close to her lips to conceal her blush. She goads the children to sing a song of joy congratulating some one for success. She persuades them to show warmth in their voices. Her warm and lively voice dominates the tremulous voices of the young ones. The young ones now realize that Miss Meadow who was in a wax earlier is now in her elements.

“My moods don’t just swing – they bounce, pivot, recoil, rebound, oscillate, fluctuate and occasionally PIROUETTE. ”

Contrary to the expectation of Miss. Wyatt, the telegram was from Basil. It was an apology and reconciliatory in nature. In the telegram, her fiance had asked her to ignore the letter written when he must have been mad. A few hours before, she was the embodiment of disappointment and self-pity. The telegram had restored her joy. She could gather the pieces of her shattered dreams and hopes and built them anew. She was so happy that Miss. Wyatt’s warnings fell into deaf ears.

Early morning walks, meditation and the practice of treating both success and failure, joy and sorrow with the same composure will naturally increase our life span on this planet. Listening to good music and reading good books, not only text books, can drastically reduce unpleasant stress. Thus we can maintain a calm temperament at all occasions.

(i) a letter from Basil breaking the engagement 

(ii) irritable 

(iii) sing a lament 

(iv) Basil as a knife piercing her heart 

(v) deserted her 

(vi) of mpod

(vii) Head mistress Miss. Wyatt 

(viii) the letter

A brief summary: 

Miss Meadows was upset over a letter from Basil breaking the engagement. She remains gloomy and irritable in class. She taxes the students making them sing a lament. She thinks of the letter from Basil as a knife piercing her heart. Basil seems to have deserted her. Suddenly she is called by Head mistress Miss. Wyatt. The headmistress gives her a telegram which asks her to forget the letter. Miss Meadows feels happy and returns to the class with vigour and good cheer.

(a) trod – walked, stepped, strode, went 

(b) fluttered – hovered, danced, flitted, flapped, oscillated, twitched, vibrated, flickered 

(c) hurried – went fast, hastened, sped, charged, sprinted, chased, scampered, galloped, scrambled. 

(d) skipped – capered, bobbed, bounded, jumped, leapt, gambolled, ’frisked, romped 

(e) strode – marched, trod, paced, stalked, dashed, ran, flaunted, joggled, tramped, rushed,zoomed 

(f) sped – hurried, rushed, zipped, spurred, hurtled, sailed, hastened, quickened

Correct Answer is : (c) autumn

Sources of energy are classified as shown below:

1. Renewable or non-conventional sources

2. Non-renewable or conventional sources

The above classification is done on the basis of availability of the energy sources.

Five renewable sources of energy:

1. Sun

2. Wind

3. Flowing water

4. Bio-mass

5. Tides

Three non-renewable sources of energy:

1. Coal

2. Petroleum

3. Natural gas