1.

(a) What is common in all these species. What are they called?O2-, N3-, Mg2+, Na+, F-(b) Arrange the above species in the increasing order of radii.(c) The electron gain enthalpy of F is less than CL. Why?

Answer»
(a) SpeciesNo. of Electrons
O2−8 + 2 = 10
N3−7 + 3 = 10
Mg2+12 – 2 = 10
Na+11 – 1 = 10
F−9 + 1 = 10

Since the number of electrons is same in all these species. So, these species are known as isoelectronic species.

(b) Increasing order of radii:

Mg2+ < Na+< F−< O2−<N3−

(c) The electron gain enthalpy of F is less than Cl due to small size of fluorine.


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