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Viral diseases are extremely widespread infections caused by viruses, a type of microorganism.

There are many types of viruses that cause a wide variety of viral diseases. The most common type of viral disease is the common cold, which is caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). Other common viral diseases include:

• Chickenpox
• Flu (influenza)
• Herpes
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS)
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Mumps, measles and rubella
• Shingles
• Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)
• Viral hepatitis
• Viral meningitis
• Viral pneumonia

Viral diseases are contagious and spread from person to person when a virus enters the body and begins to multiply. Common ways that viruses spread from person to person include:

• Breathing in air-borne droplets contaminated with a virus
• Eating food or drinking water contaminated with a virus
• Having sexual contact with a person who is infected with a sexually transmitted virus
• Indirect transmission from person to person by a virus-host, such as a mosquito, tick, or field mouse
• Touching surfaces or body fluids contaminated with a virus

Viral diseases result in a wide variety of symptoms that vary in character and severity depending on the type of viral infection and other factors, including the person’s age and overall health. Common symptoms of viral diseases include flu-like symptoms and malaise. Viral diseases are not treatable with antibiotics, which can only cure bacterial diseases and infections. However, the most common viral diseases, the common cold and the flu, are self-limiting in generally healthy people. This means that the viral infection causes illness for a period of time, then it resolves and symptoms disappear as your immune system attacks the virus and your body recovers. 

In some cases, viral diseases can lead to serious, possibly life-threatening complications, such as dehydration, bacterial pneumonia, and other secondary bacterial infections. People at risk for complications include those who have a chronic disease or a suppressed or compromised immune system, and the very young and very old. In addition, certain types of sexually transmitted viral infections, such as HIV/AIDS and HPV, can lead to serious complications and death. Seek prompt medical care if you think you have a viral disease, especially if you are at risk for complications, or if you believe you have been exposed to a sexually transmitted disease. 

Seek immediate medical care if you, or someone you are with, have serious symptoms of an illness or a viral disease, such as shortness of breath, chest pain, passing out (fainting), or a change in alertness or consciousness.

correct option is C) Kerala

Symptoms of viral diseases vary depending on the specific type of virus causing infection, the area of the body that is infected, the age and health history of the patient, and other factors. The symptoms of viral diseases can affect almost any area of the body or body system. Symptoms of viral diseases can include:

• Flu-like symptoms (fatigue, fever, sore throat, headache, cough, aches and pains)
• Gastrointestinal disturbances, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting
• Irritability
• Malaise (general ill feeling)
• Rash
• Sneezing
• Stuffy nose, nasal congestion, runny nose, or postnasal drip
• Swollen lymph nodes
• Swollen tonsils
• Unexplained weight loss

In infants, signs of a viral disease can also include:

• Bulging of the soft spot on the top of the head
• Difficulty with feeding
• Excessive crying or fussiness
• Excessive sleepiness

Treatment of viral infections varies depending on the specific virus and other factors. General treatment measures are aimed at relieving your symptoms so that you can get the rest you need to keep up your strength and recover without developing complications. 

General treatments for viral infections include:

• Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) for fever, body aches, and pain 
• Drinking extra fluids
• Getting extra rest and sleep 
• Maintaining good nutrition 

Depending on the type of viral infection and the presence of complications, a wide variety of other treatments may be needed. For example, a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that leads to cervical dysplasia can be treated by surgical removal of the abnormal cells on a woman’s cervix. 

In general, it is recommended that children younger than age six not use cold or cough medications because of the risk for serious side effects. In addition, people with a viral disease should not use aspirin or products that contain aspirin because of the risk of developing a rare but life-threatening condition called Reye syndrome. Reye syndrome has been linked to taking aspirin during a viral illness, such as a cold or the flu.

Prescription medications used to treat viral diseases

In some cases, certain medications may be prescribed to treat viral diseases:

• Antiretroviral medications, which can help people with HIV/AIDS lead longer lives. Antiretroviral medications hinder the ability of HIV to reproduce, which slows the spread of HIV in the body.
• Antiviral drugs, which minimize the severity and length of some viral infections, such as the flu and shingles, especially in people who are at a high risk for serious complications. For example, the drugs oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu) and zanamivir (brand name Relenza) may be prescribed for some cases of flu. These drugs are not appropriate for all people with the flu. 

Antibiotics, which are not prescribed for viral diseases because they are ineffective in the treatment of viral infections, may be prescribed if a person with a viral disease develops a secondary bacterial infection, such as bacterial pneumonia, bacterial bronchitis, or encephalitis.

The ratio of height of an image to the height of an object is magnification.

We can lower your risk of catching or spreading a viral disease by:

• Abstaining from sexual activity, or only engaging in sexual activities within a mutually monogamous relationship in which neither partner is infected with a sexually transmitted disease
• Avoiding contact of your hands with your eyes, nose and mouth, which can transmit a virus into the body
• Avoiding contact with a person who has a viral disease
• Covering your mouth and nose with your elbow (not your hand) or a tissue when sneezing or coughing
• Eating a well-balanced diet that includes sufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables
• Sufficient rest
• Using a new condom for each sex act
• Using a sterile, unused needle for each act of tattooing or injectable drug use
• Using appropriate antibacterial cleaners to clean your hands and surfaces
• Vaccination as recommended by your health care provider for viral diseases, such as chickenpox, shingles, influenza, HPV, hepatitis B, hepatitis A, measles, and mumps
• Washing your hands with soap and water for at least 15 seconds after contact with a person who has a viral disease, before eating, or after using the restroom or touching feces, body fluids, surfaces, or foods that are potentially contaminated with viruses.

Magnetic force is acted upon a body by the magnetic lines of force. These are imaginary closed line of lines of force which emanate from the N pole f the magnet and goes into the S pole of the magnet. So, a magnet can influence a magnetic material like a piece of iron even when they are not in contact thus magnetic force is a non contact force.

Typhoid is a bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Salmonella.

Pressure is defined as a measure of the force applied over a unit area. Pressure often is expressed in units of Pascals (Pa), newtons per square meter (N/m² or kg/m.s² ), or pounds per square inch. Other units include the atmosphere (atm), torr, bar, and meters sea water (msw).

In equations, pressure is denoted by the capital letter P or the lowercase letter p. Pressure is a derived unit, generally expressed according to the units of the equation:

P = F / A 

where P is pressure, F is force, and A is area

P is pressure 

F is the component of force perpendicular to the surface

A is the area of the surface

When a force is constant over an area, the pressure acting on that area is simply Pressure is a scalar quantity, thus it acts in all directions at any given point. In order for pressure to create a force, the pressure must be integrated over some area.

Cholera, tuberculosis and antrax are bacterial diseases whereas Influenza virus.

A wider strap distributes the force throughout a greater surface area. You can do a comparison using a simple physics equation.

Pressure = Force/Area

So take two different straps and measure the area of them. 

Then find out how much weight the pack will be holding. 

Then divide the Weight by the Area and you end up with pressure.

Mode of transmission of Cholera

• Incubation period varies from a few hours to 2-3 days.

• It spreads through contaminated food and drinks.

• The causative bacterium secretes cholera toxin, enterotoxin which induces excessive secretion of an isotonic electrolyte solution by the intestinal mucosa. This solution is lost in stool.

Correct option is D) Tsunami

Correct option is A) 10 mm

Value added at all stages = Rs. 2500 + Rs. 1100 + Rs. 1400 = Rs. 5000. Stage 3 (sale of Idli and Dosa) = Rs. 5000 

1. Whatever may be the method the value of final goods/services does not change. 

2. In the first method, we do not add up the intermediate goods as the result in double counting. 

3. But we calculated the value of the final goods (Idli, Dosa) that were produced. 

4. In the second method, at every stage we counted the value added. 

5. Finally we added up all the values added and got the final good value. 

6. Thus both the methods give the same result.

Correct option is C) speed and direction

1. Paddy 

2. Rice 

3. Yarn 

4. Rubber

C) Bamboo wood

1. Monsoon 

2. Dhore 

3. Saline 

4. Gurushikhar

Correct option is C) mv

C) Natural Investment

A) First law of motion

Rapid expansion of deserts can be controlled by planting more and more trees and checking the reckless cutting of trees and vegetations.

A) Natural investment

Bad Land Topography is found in the Eastern plains of Rajasthan. 

Its main features are:

1. It is extremely rugged and uneven extending from Kota to Dhaulpur along the river Chambal. 

2. It is the most fertile land of Rajasthan and is densely populated with about 40% population of Rajasthan.

Rainfall in the winter season in India is known as Mawath. The cyclones arising from the Mediterranean Sea bring rainfall in the North-West India including Rajasthan. It is good for the wheat crops.

Extremely hot and sandy winds blowing in Rajasthan in the summer season is called ‘Loo’. They blow sometime at the speed of 140 km per hour.

The plane formed by the river Mahi and its tributaries in southern part of Banswara and Pratapgarh districts of Rajasthan is called plain of Mahi. In this plainy region a group of Chappan villages and Chappan rivers and drains is located, it is called plain of Chappan.

D) acceleration

C) small shops

(d) both equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

Correct Answer is: (b) Height

(d) all the above

Correct option is B) 150

Correct answer is  (a) positive

(a) product of force and the perpendicular distance

B) Use of person wheel for irrigation

(b) anticlockwise moment

1. B. drive them away from the fields.

2. A. breathing rapidly in short gasps.

3. C. ‘for no good reason’.

4. C. ‘lying flat’.

Cells have the ability to heal themselves, as well as make new cells that replace those that have been permanently damaged or destroyed. Even when a large number of cells are destroyed the surrounding cells replicate to make new cells, thereby quickly replacing the cells that were destroyed.

Two famous players in the field of gymnast are: Deepa Karmarkar and Former gymnast Nadia Comaneci.

Dhyanchand Award is given to the players for lifetime achievement in the field of sports and games.

The awards are given to the players to encourage them to play better and more consistent, fulfill their financial needs and increase their morale.

Five lakh cash is given as prize money in Guru Dronacharya Award.

Correct Answer is: (a) 2002

P. L. O (India is not associated)

Badminton: P.V. Sindhu, Saina Nehwal. 

Tennis: Leander Paes, Sania Mirza.

Karna Singh for Athletics and Virendra Poonia for Athletics are the two coaches.

Nepal (not an issue in China-India relations)