Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Guru Gobind Dou Khade, Kake Lagu Paye, Bahihari Guru Apne, Jin Govind Diyo Milaye.

Myanmar (not a Himalayan kingdom)

(1) SEATO – South East Asia Treaty Organisation 

(2) IAEA – International Atomic Energy Agency 

(3) NEFA – North East Frontier Agency 

(4) LTTE – Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam 

(5) PLO – Palestine Liberation Organisation 

(6) ARF – ASEAN Regional Forum

(7) IORA – The Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation 

(8) ONGC – Oil and Natural Gas Commission 

(9) LAC – Line of Actual Control 

(10) AFRICA Fund – The Action for Resisting Invasion, Colonialism and Apartheid Fund

Urbanization has both positive effects and negative effects. These two sided effects work as the two sides of the same coin.

• On the positive note, infrastructural facilities like education, health, banking, transportation, communication, insurance, electricity, etc. keep on increasing in the urban areas due to urbanization.
• People get jobs and so poverty gets reduced. Urban areas have libraries with modern amenities, book stalls and various cultural programmes that take place in cities enrich people culturally.
• The thought process of people become modern and their standard of living goes high.
• On the negative side, large income as well as social inequalities can be seen in urban areas.
  People who do not get proper employment live in slums. Increased population makes it difficult to maintain law and order, environmental problem increases and many such problems increase.
• Hence, one can rightly say urbanization is a coin with two sides.

A majority of Indian population lives in rural areas. So, the rate of migration toward urban areas is very high.

• After the economic reforms of 1991, India adopted several policies which focused on boosting the industrial and service sector. As a result, people from rural areas migrated to urban areas for employment in these sectors.
• On the other hand, the urban areas are unable to raise and provide job opportunities to all who migrate. This at times creates competition as there are more takers for a given work opportunity. This leads to urban unemployment.

(a) Waterways

1. astronauts
2. Latitudes
3. Longitudes
4. Torrid zone
5. Frigid zone

The 23.5° latitude to the north of equator is called the ‘Tropic of Cancer’.

The circular and dark horizontal line drawn in the actual middle of the earth is called ‘Equator’.

The vertical imaginary lines drawn on the globe are called ‘Longitudes’.

The horizontal imaginary lines drawn on the globe are called ‘Latitudes’.

Correct option is B. Antarctica

Air transport is one the fastest and comfortable mode of transport today. It was difficult to reach the north-eastern parts of the country due to dense forests and big rivers; air travel helped to reach these places easier. Air transport was nationalised me the year 1953.

There are three zones:

1. Torrid
2. Temperate and
3. Frigid.

Correct option is D. Four

The large land masses on the earth are called ‘Continents’, and the areas covered by water are known as ‘Oceans’.

Indian postal network is the largest in the world. In order to deliver mails quickly to cities and large towns, six mail channels have been introduced recently. They are:

1) Rajdhani channel

2) Metro channel

3) Green channel

4) Business channel

5) Bulk mail channel

6) Periodical channel

Dense and efficient network of transport and communication is a pre-requisite for the development of local, national and global trade of today because of the following reasons. 

• We use different material and services in our daily life. Some of these are available in our immediate surroundings while other requirements are met by bringing things from other places. Movement of these goods and services can be over three domains of earth. 
• Today the world has converted into a large village with the help of efficient and fast-moving transport. 
• Transport has been able to achieve this with the help of equally developed communication system. 
• Therefore transport, communication and trade are complementary to each other. 
• Today, India is well linked with rest of the world despite its vast size diversity, linguistic and socio-cultural plurality. 

The four advantages of pipeline transportation are:

(i) Both solid (when converted into a slurry) liquid and gases can be transported through pipelines

(ii) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high but subsequent running costs are minimal.

(iii) Trans-shipment of losses and delays are minimized.

(iv) It is economical to transport petroleum, natural gas, fertilizers to interior places.

The following are the six mail channels. 

• Rajdhani Channel 
• Metro Channel 
• Green Channel 
• Business Channel 
• Bulk Mail Channel 
• Periodical Channel

India has an inland navigation waterway of 14,500 km in length, out of which 5685 km is navigable by machined vessels. Inland water transport is an economical.

Means of transport:

(i) Roadways

(ii) Railways

(iii) Pipelines

(iv) Waterways

(v) Airways.

Importance of Transport:

(i) Connects the people.

(ii) Sense of belonging in the people living at far places.

(iii) Helpful for business activities.

(iv) Helpful in the period of crisis.

Pipeline transport network is the new mode of transport these days. In the past, pipelines were used to transport water to cities and industries. Now, these are used for transporting crude oil, petroleum products and natural gas from oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertilizer factories and big thermal power plants. Solids can also be transported through a pipeline when converted into a slurry.

Merits:

(i) Useful in transporting liquids and solid slurry from far away locations.

(ii) Subsequent running costs after laying down the network are minimal.

(iii) It rules out trans-shipment losses or delays.

Demerits:

(i) Initial cost of laying pipelines is high.

(ii) Pipelines can burst or can have leakage leading to wastage of valuable resource like water, mineral oil, etc.

(i) Rural roads link ruler areas and villages with towns.

(ii) These roads received special impetus under the Pradhan Mantri Grameen Sadak Yojna.

(iii) Special provisions are made so that every village in the country is linked to a major town in the country by an all season motorable road.

Foreign tourists visit India due to the following reasons. 

• India has been an excellent place for heritage tourism. It is rich in culture and ethnicity. 
• Many tourists come here for adventure in the mountainous regions of Himachal Pradesh, Uttrakhand, etc. 
• Southern India provides excellent opportunities for medical tourism, which attracts tourists from the world.

Efficient means of transport are pre-requisites for fast development because: 

• the movement of goods and services from the supply location to demand locations necessitates the need for transport. It widens the market for goods. 
• it allows distant and remote areas to be linked with urban and developed , regions. 
• the development and improvement of transport have made delivery of goods faster across long distances and thus reduced cost.
• immediate relief during war, natural calamity, famine or flood can be easily accessed through efficient means of transport.

Kailash Mountain (Tibet).

(i) Border road organization was established in 1960.

(ii) This organization develops the roads of strategic importance in the North and the East border areas.

(iii) These roads have improved accessibility in areas of difficult terrain.

(iv) These roads have enabled the economy to develop in the border areas.

The distribution of roads is not uniform in India because of the following reasons. 

• India has vast and diverse relief features with high mountains and plateaus which restrict construction of roads in many area.
• India is a land of rivers with dissected tributaries. It is not possible to lay roads in these areas where the rivers often create havoc during floods. 
• Keeping in view the low volume of passengers and traffic, it is not economical to lay roads in such areas.

Ganga river joins the Brahmaputra it continues as Padma .

Length of Ganga river is 2525 km.

India is a Land of Agriculture .

Talakaveri (kodagu)

Brahmaputra river forms the world largest river island Majuli .

The Himalayan.

valuable natural.

Uttar Pradesh.

Penicillin – Penicillium notatum 

Streptomycin- Streptomyces griseus

It increases vitamin B₁₂.

The products are vinegar and toddy.

i. Increasing hair growth on aerial parts of plants.

ii. Rendering the flowers nectar less.

iii. Enabling plants to secrete insect killing chemicals (toxins).

1. Antibiotics are chemical substances, which are produced by some microbes and can kill or retard the growth of other disease-causing microbes.

2. Penicillin

Antibiotics may kill even the useful bacteria present in the digestive tract. LAB is given, which will protect some microbes in the digestive tract and enhance the production of vitamin B₁₂.

Antibiotics are chemical substances primarily produced by some microorganisms which in low concentration can kill or retard the growth of other disease causing microorganisms. Antibiotics are mainly produced from three groups of microorganisms:

i. Eubacteria (true bacteria)

ii. Actinomycetes (ramified bacteria)

iii. Fungi.

The Test cross genotype of a pea plant bearing violet flowers.

The adaptive floral characteristics of a wind pollinated plant are: 

(i) The flowers are small and inconspicuous. 

(ii) The pollen grains are light and non-sticky so that they can be easily transported by wind. 

(iii) They have well-exposed stamens so that pollens get easily dispersed. 

(iv) They often have feathery stigma to catch the pollens grains. 

(v) The pollen grains are dry and unwettable to prevent pollens from gaining moisture from air. 

(vi) The pistil usually has single ovule in each ovary.

Correct option is (b) plain

1. Green Corridor is a route cleared of all traffic obstacles, so that a dead person’s (donor’s) organs can be speedily transported to the receiver 

2. It is called ‘green’ corridor because the traffic lights are turned green for the speedy movement of the vehicle carrying the organ. 

3. Thus, Green Corridor saves many lives.

Ro-Ro service, was introduced for the first time in India by the Konkan Railway