Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

लेखक ने जब स्पीति यात्रा की तब उन्हें ये मालूम पड़ा कि यहाँ की श्रेणियाँ अधिक से अधिक ऊँची हैं। स्पीति में दक्षिण में जो श्रेणी है वह माने श्रेणी कहलाती है। माने एक मंत्र है जो बौद्ध धर्म में आता है। माने मंत्र की बड़ी महिमा है। ‘ओं मणि पदमे हूं’ इनका बीज मंत्र है। इसी मंत्र को संक्षेप में माने कहते हैं। लेखक का मानना है कि इस मंत्र का यहाँ इतना अधिक जाप हुआ है कि पर्वत श्रेणी को यह नाम आसानी से दिया जा सकता है। हो सकता है कि स्पीति के दक्षिण की पर्वत श्रेणी का माने नाम इसी कारण पड़ा है।

Correct option is (b) Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Correct option is (b) Veeresalingam Pantulu

Correct option is (a) Kerala

Correct option is (a) 1840

Correct option is (a) Dayanand Saraswati

Aligarh is a famous city of Uttar Pradesh. Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan founded Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College over here in 1875 A.D. His objective was to provide education of western literature and English language to Muslims because Muslims leaders like Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Hidayattiilah Khan were of the view that education of western literature and English language is necessary for the all round development of Muslims. That’s why Mohammadan Anglo-Oriental College was founded and the education given by it was given the name of Aligarh movement. In 1920 A.D., Aligarh Muslim University was founded over here.

The first Chancellor of Aligarh University was Sultan Jahan Begum. This University spread with the passage of time. It established many Medical and Engineering colleges. Presently this university has 80 educational departments. Around 30,000 students each year take education in this university.

Swami Dayanand Sarasvati.

Correct option is (a) Guerilla attack

Correct option is (d) All of the above

Correct option is (d) All of the above

• Bee-keeping or apiculture is the maintenance of hives of honeybees for the production of honey.
• Honey is a food of high nutritive value and also use in the indigenous systems of medicine.
• Honeybee also produces beeswax, which finds many uses in industry, such as in the preparation of cosmetics and polishes of various kinds.

The following points are important for successful bee-keeping: 

(i) Knowledge of the nature and habits of bees, 

(ii) Selection of suitable location for keeping the beehives,

(iii) Catching and hiving of swarms (group of bees),

(iv) Management of beehives during different seasons, and

(v) Handling and collection of honey and of beeswax. 

An ecosystem includes all of the living things like plants, animals and other organisms in a given area, interacting with each other and also with non-living environmental factors like weather, earth, sun, soil, climate and atmosphere.

Correct answer is (c) Cobra

Correct option is: (c) Nitrification

Rhizobium present in the root nodules of the leguminous plant bring about the process of nitrogen fixation.

1. When sunlight falls on the earth surface about 34% of this is reflected back. 

2. About 10% is held by the ozone layer, water vapour and other atmospheric gases. 

3. Out of the total solar energy, about 56% reaches to the earth’s atmosphere. 

4. Only 0.02% of the sunlight is used for photosynthesis. This shows that only a fraction of sunlight is used for photosynthesis.

The process of conversion of Nitrogen into nitrates and nitrites is called Nitrogen fixation.

(c) Because phytoplankton which are primary producers have less biomass.

(c) The amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during photosynthesis.

1. When the energy is moving from one trophic level to the next one, there is loss of some energy in the form of heat. 

2. Therefore, the energy is always more on the lower trophic levels as compared to the higher trophic evels. 

3. Due to this reason, the pyramid of energy is always upright and never inverted.

Correct answer is (b) respiration

1. The food chain in the sea is dependent on producers i.e. phytoplankton. 

2. The biomass of phytoplankton is always. lesser to the biomass of fishes which are dependent upon these phytoplankton. 

3. The pyramid of biomass, therefore, in the sea is inverted.

Correct answer is (b) weight (g^-2 ) or energy (kcal^m-2 )

• The Sun is the most important source of energy in any ecosystem. 
• Green plants of the ecosystem store some amount of solar energy in the form of food. 
• Before reaching the decomposers, this energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next. 
• Decomposers dissipate some amount of energy in the form of heat. 
• However, no part of the energy ever returns to the Sun. Hence, energy flow through an ecosystem is ‘one way’.

Correct answer is (d) The depth till where sunlight can reach

The base of each pyramid represents the first trophic level of producers.

(a) Secondary productivity is the rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers.

1. Food chains start from producers and end with consumers. 

2. But beyond secondary carnivores, the amount of energy available is too less.

3. Thus, there is no tertiary carnivore that feeds exclusively on secondary carnivore. 

4. The secondary carnivore, however, many times will feed on herbivores directly. 

5. Therefore, food chains do not exist in isolation, but are always interconnected to form food web, so that the stability of ecosystem is maintained.

1. Grazing 

2. Detritus 

3. Arasitic.

Correct answer is (c) Carbon assimilation in photosynthesis

Correct answer is (b) gross primary productivity

Correct answer is (a) low moisture content

All carnivorous animals such as frogs, lizards, birds of prey, hunting animals like tiger, lion, wolf, etc.

Producer, herbivore, primary carnivore, secondary carnivore, tertiary carnivore and ultimate carnivore are different trophic levels.

1. Fragmentation 

2. Leaching 

3. Catabolism 

4. Humification 

5. Mineralization

Correct answer is (c) Amount of organic matter stored by plants

Correct answer is (d) 170

Correct answer is (b) Amount of primary consumers dependent on plants.

1. In grazing food chain, the energy is transferred from producers to consumers. 

2. The autotrophs convert inorganic matter into organic compounds which is then transferred in food chain or food web. 

3. In detritus food chain energy is obtained from organic matter or detritus generated in trophic levels of the grazing food chain. 

4. Detritus such as dead bodies of animals or fallen leaves, which are then eaten by decomposers or detritivores. 

5. These detritivores can also be consumed in grazing food chain by secondary consumers or predators. 

6. When decomposers convert organic matter back into inorganic substances, the autotrophs use these minerals again.

7. In this way GFC and DFC are connected to each other in cyclic and mutual exchanges.

Correct answer is (b) 1-v, 2-iv, 3-ii, 4-iii, 5-i

Insects (grasshopper, aphids), birds (parrot) and some mammals (sheep, cattle, goat, donkey).

1. Pyramid of biomass 

2. Pyramid of numbers 

3. Pyramid of energy

1. Productivity 

2. Decomposition 

3. Nutrient cycling 

4. Energy flow.

Epipelagic, mesopelagic, bathy-pelagic and benthic zones.

1. The conditions of land and in ocean are not same. Primary productivity which is the biomass or dry weight produced by the plants per unit area during the photosynthesis is different for oceanic ecosystem. 

2. In ocean, sunlight does not penetrate uniformly at all depths. It is thus the main limiting factor which decreases the rate- of photosynthesis. 

3. Decrease in rate of photosynthesis decreases the growth of phytoplankton and then that of the zooplankton. Aquatic plants such as algae are also affected due to lack of sunlight. 

4. Minerals and nutrients is also a limiting factor based on location of the oceans. 

5. Therefore, there is less productivity of the oceans to about 55 billion tons as compared to productivity on land which is about 170 billion tonnes.

Correct answer is (c) Zonation and stratification

Correct answer is (d) breakdown of organic matter