Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

The construction of the royal court in Red Fort emphasized the connection between the imperial court and royal justice. Behind the emperors throne were a series of inlays which pictured Orpheus playing the lute. It was believed that Orpheus’ music calmed ferocious beasts and made them co-exist in harmony. All this gave the impression that the king’s justice would treat the high and the low as equals, creating a world in which all could live in harmony.

(a)  Dungarpur

(a)  Pushkar lake

(c)  Himachal Pradesh

(d) All of the above

According to the well known scholars Agrawal and S. Narayana, the causes for the decline of the significance of the conventional water management system are- 

1. Rapid growth of population and increasing demand for water. The conventional systems are not sufficient to meet the increase in demand or water for the ever growing population. Hence they are being neglected and no step is being taken to renovate or maintain them. 

2. Promotion of the schemes by the government, which benefit the individuals. The community participation in reviving the conventional system is not getting the government attention. On the contrary the new schemes which benefit the individual are being promoted. 

3. Commercialisation of farming and expansion of cash crops – They are responsible for the negligence of the government for the conventional systems of water management. 

4. The investment plans during the dominion period ignored the small irrigation schemes. 

5. Incompetence of the government agencies to understand the significance of water management as an environmental necessity. 

6. Social contradiction and break up of communities are responsible for the decline of the conventional water management. In the absence of voluntary and willing contribution of labour and funds the existing conventional means cannot survive. 

7. The National policy no longer takes into consideration the small water accumulation systems and natural water resources. On the contrary the modem water management systems are very complicated and comprehensive. They cannot be worked out in the absence of huge government funds. Bureaucratic structure creates further problems.

(a) Paliwal Brahmans of Jaisalmer

Padmini, Vankia, Muraliya and Senapani are the main ponds of Chittorgarh.

Aagro (Payataan) is a sort of Verandah which is raised around nadi or pond by pressing the soil to lower down the rain water in it. Thus it collects the rain water.

a. The riverfront gardens.

b. The Taj Mahal.

c. The Taj Mahal.

d. Shah Jahan.

e. Shahjahan’s eldest son.

In his autobiography, Babur described his interest in planning and laying out formal gardens, placed within rectangular walled enclosures and divided into four quarters by artificial channels. These gardens were called Chahar bagh four gardens, because of their symmetrical divisions into quarters. Beginning with Akbar some of the most beautiful Chahar baghs were .constructed by Jahangir and Shah Jahan in Kashmir, Agra and Delhi.

In the new Mughal city of Shahjahanabad, the king’s palace commanded the river front vie of the Yamuna. Only special nobles like the emperor’s oldest son were given access to the river.

The connection between royal justice and the Imperial Court was emphasized by Shah Jahan in his newly constructed court in the Red Fort at Delhi. The construction of Shah Jahan’s audience hall aimed to communicate that the King’s justice would treat the high and the low as equals where all could live together in peace and harmony.

a. The Mughal emperors were interested in literature, art and architecture.

b. Babur was interested in planning and laying out formal gardens.

c. Formal gardens are placed within rectangular walled enclosures and divided into four quarters by artificial channels. These gardens were called Chahar bagh, four gardens.

d. These gardens were called Chahar bagh “four gardens, because of their symmetrical division into quarters.

e. Chahar bags were constructed in Kashmir, Agra, and Delhi by Akbar, Jahangir, and Kashmir.

Relevance of the conventional water resources’ in the present context – 

1. Rains in India are seasonal. 80% parts of the country get 80% rains in three months. A large part of the rain water flows through rivers. Hence it is required to accumulate water keeping in mind local needs and geographical situations. 

2. The conventional systems of water accumulation meet the domestic and irrigational needs of the people. 

3. The conventional systems of water management prove beneficial especially in times of droughts or famines. In the gone by times these conventional means of water accumulation met the minimum needs of each and every individual. 

4. The conventional systems become indispensable source of water especially when the electricity is not available, the water pumps dry up and the dams get filled with mud. 

5. The conventional water accumulation resources are of a great relevance especially in the areas where the modem means of water supply cannot be reached due to heavy investment, complicated techniques and involvement of bureaucracy. 

6. The conventional techniques of water conservation are still relevant in the context of developing communal harmony and affinity. 

7. Water is one of the major bases of economic development. Conventional system of water management have a great relevance even today, for the optimum exploitation of water available on the earth and its utilisation for the economic development.

The Mughal court suggested that everyone – the rich and the poor, the powerful and the weak – received justice equally from the emperor: 

(i)The architectural features highlighted the idea of the king as a representative of God on earth.So, people could identify with the king as a just God. 

(ii) The connection between royal justice and the imperial court was emphasised on by Shah Jahan in his newly constructed court in the Red Fort at Delhi. 

(iii) There were a series of pietra dura inlays behind the emperor's throne which depicted that legendary Greek God Orpheus playing the lute. It was believed that Orpheus’s music could calm ferocious beasts until they resided together peaceably 

(iv) The construction of the audience halls aimed to communicate that the king's justice would treat the high and the low as equals creating a world where all could live together in harmony.

A small Kui built in the western Rajasthan is known as Beri.

Jhalara does not have any Aagora (Payataan) of its own. It gets water seeping from the ponds and lakes located above it. It is shaped oblong and has storeys on its three sides. Its water is used for the religious ceremonies and the community baths.

Ditch is not the conventional source of water.

India is a land of geographical diversities and there are diversities in the availability of water resources. Consequently diverse water management systems have developed e.g. in the Himalayas there is a river water accumulation system and in Rajasthan it is the rain water storage accumulation system of water management.

The concept of water management and conservation in Rajasthan is talked specifically in reference to the many development plans and the industrial houses. The conventional water management system are surfacial in Rajasthan. The convention of water conservation is significant because here the water resources are worshipped. The people of Rajasthan have discovered the artificial sources of water, which have solved the hardships of their lives. There are many folk tales which reveal the significance of water in many regions of Rajasthan. Water determines the quality of life and its management is the base of many development plans.

(c)  Accumulation

Toba is deeper than the Nadi.

The role of the Yamuna in the layout of the new Mughal city at Shahjahanabad was: 

(i) The imperial palace commanded the front of river Yamuna in the new city of Shahjahanabad in Delhi. 

(ii) Only specially favoured nobles, like Shah Jahan's eldest son Dara Shukoh were given access to the river. 

(iii) All others had to construct their homes in the city away from the River Yamuna. 

(iv) The access to the river Yamuna for the nobles was controlled by developing architectural form in which the white marble mausoleum was placed on a terrace by the edge of the river and the garden was to its south.

It was in the 15th century that the Paliwal Brahmans of Jaisalmer started the practice of Khadeens. The state used to give land for constructing Khadeen for exchange of ¼ th share of the produce. There are about 500 big and small Khadeens in the Jaisalmer district, which irrigate about 1300 hectare land. Khadeen is built below the sloppy land and the soil embankment is raised around its two sides and the pucca sheet around the third side. It spreads over an area of about 5 to 7 Km. Usually embankment is around 2 to 4 m high. The excess water goes to the next Khadeen. When dried up, the crops are grown in the land of the previous Khadeen on the basis of moisture. Wheat is grown in the Maru region on this pattern. Even the barren land can be made cultivable by the Khadeen technique.

The place where the water collects is known as Khadeen and the dam which checks it is known as the Khadeen dam. The Khadeen dam is so constructed that it lets the extra water pass over it. In case of deep Khadeens, water is let out through gates as and when required. Water in the Khadeens is accompanied by alluvial soil where the crops grow well. The cattle graze in the Khadeen Payataan region and the cattle dung makes the land fertile. The wells are dug in the slop below the Khadeen, and the Khadeen water seeps into the wells and this water is used for drinking. The conventional Khadeens should be maintained under the water management programmes. The Rajasthan Government has planned to make new Khadeens but they are of inferior quality. They cannot stand the heavy rains, and develop cracks.

Ponds have been existing since times immemorial in Rajasthan. Ponds collect rain water. There used to be wells too by the side of ponds. They were under the care of the community/society. Ponds of religious significance have been looked after and conserved very well. Many of the ponds have been urbanised. Ponds of Rajasthan need to be properly and instantly taken care of because they are the source of water for many wells and stepwells (Bawadis). 

A few important ponds of Rajasthan are – 

1. Sukhsagar, Kalasagar, Jangali ponds of Ranthambor. 

2. Bagolia pond of Udaipur. 

3. Edward sagar of Dungarpur. 

4. Sareri, Khari, Meja ponds of Bhilwara, 

5. Parvati and Baretha ponds of Bharatpur. 

6. Hemavas, Dantiwada & Muthana ponds of Pali

Lakes has the maximum of water conservation.

Regarding area Rajasthan is the largest state and in population it is ranked 8th. 5.5% population of India lives in Rajasthan, but there is only 1% of the total water of the country. Therefore it has become necessary to revive the conventional sources of water.

Kui or Beri is ordinarily built by the side of pond and the pond water keeps on seeping in to it. Kui is generally 10 to 12 mt deep. Its mount remains covered with the logs of wood. They are found in a large number in the western Rajasthan, mostly in the districts bordering Indo-Pak territory. In 1987 when all the ponds had dried up due to scarcity of water, there was water in the Beri or the Kuis.

Kuis stand a witness to the knowledge of the locals as regards their technique of water management in the time of crisis. Boundary is raised high around all the four sides of the farm. As a result the rain water is sucked by the earth. A shallow well is dug in the centre of the farm, where a part of the water seeps and collects, which is put to use to meet emergency situations created by scarcity of water.

It is by means of Nadi that the water is supplied to Nagaur, Barmer and Jaisalmer.

Title : AN HONEST WOODCUTTER 

Once upon a time there was a woodcutter. The woodcutter lived in a village with his family. Though he was poor, he was honest. He had to earn money by selling firewood. He used to cut trees on the nearby river bank.

One day he went to the nearby river bank and started cutting a tree. Unfortunately while he was cutting the tree, his iron axe slipped and fell into water. The woodcutter felt sad as he lost his iron axe. Moreover it would be difficult for him to buy a new axe. He prayed to god for help. Immediately the river god came out of the water and appeared before him. The river god asked the woodcutter what his problem was. The woodcutter told the god that his axe slipped and fell into the river water. He requested the god to bring his axe back. The god took pity on him and disappeared. He brought a golden axe instead of the iron axe and offered it to the woodcutter. But the woodcutter refused to take the golden axe offered by the river god as it was not his own axe. Then the river god disappeared again and came out of water with a silver axe. The god offered him to take the silver axe. But the woodcutter refused the silver axe also, as it was not his own axe. 

The river god disappeared once again and came out of water with the woodcutter’s own iron axe. He offered it to the woodcutter. The woodcutter was happy on seeing his own iron axe and accepted to take the iron axe. The river god was pleased with the . honesty of the woodcutter. He gave all the three axes to him and disappeared. The woodcutter went home happily. 

Moral: Honesty will be rewarded.

1. shallow

2. deforestation

3. urban

4. barren

5. stale

6. Ancient 

7. fiction 

8. poverty/adversity 

9. cowardice 

10. succumb

(i) a₈ = a + 7d

⇒ a₈ = 7 + 7 × 3 = 28

(ii) a₁₀ = a + 9d

⇒ 0 = -18 + 9 × d

⇒ d = 2

(iii) a₁₈ = a + 17d

⇒ -5 = a+ 17(-3)

⇒ a = 51 – 5 = 46

(iv) a_n = a + (n – 1)d

⇒ 3.6 = -18.9 + (n – 1)2.5

⇒ 2.5 (n – 1) = 22.5

⇒ (n – 1) = \(\frac { 22.5 }{ 2.5 }\) = 9

⇒ n = 10

(v) a₁₀₅ = a + 104d

⇒ a₁₀₅ = 3.5 + 104 × 0

⇒ a₁₀₅ = 3.5

Total stopping distance 

= Reaction distance × Chasing distance

(i) 18 = 9 × 2

(ii) 54 = 18 × .....

⇒ .... = 54/18

= 3

(iii) 108 = ... x 4

.... = 108/4

⇒ ..... = 27

(i) Yes.

(ii) It increases on the wet and slippery road.

If two similar vehicles are running with same speed, one vehicle in running on dyer and non slippery road then its stopping distance will less comparative to the vehicle running on wet and slip prey road.

Let Fare of A = Rs x and fare of B = Rs y, then

2x + 3y = 46

3x + 5y = 74

Multiply by 3 in eq. (i) and by 2 in eq. (ii) and then

subtracted (ii) from (i).

6x + 9y – 6x – 10y = 138 – 148

⇒ -y = -10

⇒ y = 10

putting y = 10 in equ. (i)

2x + 3 × 10 = 46

x = \(\frac { 46-30 }{ 2 }\) = 8

x = 8

Hence, fare of A Rs 8, fare of B = Rs 10.

Let fixed charge = Rs x

Charge for distance = Rs y per km

them according to question

x + 10y = 105 ….(i)

x + 15y = 155 …(ii)

on subtraction (i) from (ii)

5y = 50

⇒ y = 10

from equation (i)

x + 10(10) = 105

⇒ x + 100 = 5 + 100

⇒ x = 5

Hence, fixed charge is Rs 10 and charge for distance is Rs 5 per km.

Let their speed be x and y km/h them

x + y = \(\frac { 6\times 4 }{ 3 }\) = 8

⇒ x + y = 8

⇒ x – y = \(\frac { 6 }{ 6 }\)

⇒ x – y = 1

on solving (i) and (ii)

2x = 9, x = 4.5 km/h

and y = 3.5 km/h

Hence, their spiced are 4.5 km/h and 3.5 km/h

From

Ms. XYZ,

(Student of Std X-C)

D/O Mr. Alagesan

9, South Boag road,

Officer’s colony,

Jawaharpet,

Dindivanam – 604172

2nd August, 201

To

The Principal,

Sankalwar High School,

43 & 44 Rajarajastreet,

Permalpuram,

Dindivanam – 604174

Sir / Madam,

Subject: Complaint about my Bicycle – Reg. This morning, I had parked my brand new bicycle which was gifted to me last birthday by my grandparents in the usual place near the school canteen allotted for bicycle parking along with many other cycles. However, I am alarmed to note that the bicycle is missing at the parking lot when I went at 5.10 p.m. after the Remedial class for Mathematics. I do remember seeing my bicycle during the lunch break.

It is a BSA Ladybird Breeze 26T Steel Bicycle, Pink in colour with a Pink seat cover. I request you to kindly look into the matter and do the needful. Looking forward to your immediate action and thanking you in advance for the same

Thank you,

Yours faithfully,

XYZ

To

The Principal,

Sankalwar High School,

43 & 44 Rajarajastreet,

Permalpuram,

Dindivanam – 604174

(c) entire relationship between the quantity supplied and the price of good

(a) positive

(b) cannot be changed

Correct answer is (d) 180

If the supply of bottled water decreases, equilibrium price increases and the equilibrium quantity decreases.

(b) larger supply

This change in supply is called Decrease in Supply. This can be due to an increase in input costs or other factors.

(a) supply increases

The supply of Pepsi increases when the price of Pepsi falls because Pepsi and Coca Cola are substitute or competing goods.

It is the total fixed costs divided by the output. 

AFC = TFC / Q

Supply rise due to the changes in other factors, such as change in technology and change in input cost is known as Increase in Supply.