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Answer is (D) Potana

(C) Basavanna

1. a. He had hardly explained everything with so much patience.

b. I had hardly learnt my participles so I was unable to say a single word.

2. I thought to myself that they would make them sing in German, even the pigeons.

On his last day at school, Franz noticed that M.Hamel was dressed in his beautiful grren coat, his frilled shirt and the little black silk cap which he never wore except on inspection and prize days. The other things that he noticed were that he explained the lesion very patiently that day. It seemed as it he wanted to give them all that he knew in one go.

Initially Franz is reluctant to go to school. He has never been a sincere and devoted student. He fears that his teacher, M Hamel would scold him because he had not learnt his lesson. He finds his son teacher strict and austere.

When he reaches school, he is surprised because M Hamel speaks kindly to him. He is still confused and absorbing the situation, when M Hamel announces that it is to be their last French lesson. Poor Franz now regrets not mother tongue and now he would never be able to learn it. His books, which were a nuisance to him, suddenly seem like old friends. The thought that he would never see M Hamel again makes him forget all about his crankiness. He begins to feel very sorry for his teacher.

During the last French lesson, everybody was filled with regret. Feelings and emotions were riding high! Franz was taken abck when told that was his last French lesson. He regretted not having learnt his lessons on time and having missed the opportunity to learn his mother tongue. There were village people sitting quietly on the back benches in the classroom. The old Hauser had brought his old primer face. M, Hamel himself was filled with regret. He admitted that he shouldn’t have sent the students to water the flowers instead of asking them to learn the lesions. He also blamed the parents for not having taken their mother tongue seriously and now it was too late.

(B) Sakhis or pads

Guru Nanak was born at Talwandi

Answer is (B) peasant

Answer is (A) Kabir

(B) at Kartarpur

(B) 17th Century

(C) Ramanuja

(D) All the above

Many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and practices because: 

• these beliefs were cumbersome and difficult to follow. 
• these beliefs led to social inequality and created differences between classes. 
• the religious teachings favoured the privileged and discriminated against lower classes. 
• the teachers felt attracted to the idea of a Supreme God who could deliver humans from bondage if approached with devotion (or bhakti). 

Hence, many teachers rejected prevalent religious beliefs and turned to religions like Buddhism and Jainism to overcome social differences.

(A) Annamayya

(A) Ramanujacharya

M Hamel was very patient that day. He did not remark on Franz's being late. He did not scold Franz when he could not recite the rules of participles. In fact, he blamed all of them, including himself, for neglecting the study of their mother tongue, the French language. That he was a patriot is demonstrated by the fact that he praised the French language for its clarity, logic and beauty and exhorted his audience to hold fast to it. M Hamel had been teaching for forty years in the school, so everyone was overwhelmed by emotions at the time of his leaving the school. But M Hamel maintained utmost dignity and composure. He exhibited strong courage and patience and listened to every lesson to the last. 

Finally, at the end of the lesson, he wrote on the blackboard, 'Vive La Franc e!', meaning 'long live France', which showed that he was a true patriot.

Answer is (B) Vishnu

(D) Gujarathi

(C) Dharmsal

Kabir lived in the city of Varanasi

Answer is (B) Weaver

Answer is (B) Dharmsal

The major ideas expressed by Kabir were: 

• Kabir's teachings were based on a complete, indeed vehement, rejection of the major religious traditions. 
• His teachings openly ridiculed all forms of external worship of both Brahmanical Hinduism and Islam, the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the caste system. 
• Kabir believed in a formless Supreme God and preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion. 

Kabir expressed his ideas using the language of his poetry, which was a form of spoken Hindi widely understood by common people. He also wrote verses called sakhis and dohas which are still popular among people today.

a. The rituals and other aspects of conventional religion and the social order.

b. The Nathpanthis, Siddhacharas, and Yogis.

c. Meditation on the formless ultimate Reality and the realization of oneness With it.

d. Practices like Yogasanas breathing exercises and meditation are the methods advocated by Siddhacharas to achieve salvation.

e. The criticism of conventional religion by Siddhacharas, Nathpanthis, and Yogis created the ground for devotional religion.

The Nathpanthis, Siddhas and Yogis believed in the renunciation of the world. 

• They criticised the rituals and other aspects of conventional religion and the social order, using simple, logical arguments. 
• For them, the path of salvation lay in meditating on the formless Ultimate Reality. They stressed on intense training of the mind and body through yogasanas, breathing exercises and meditation. 
• These groups became particularly popular among “low” castes.

(C) Ramanujacharya

1. Kabir’s teachings were based on a complete rejection of the major religious traditions. 

2. He openly ridiculed fill forms of external worship of both Hinduism and Islam. 

3. Kabir ridiculed the pre-eminence of the priestly classes and the caste system. 

4. Kabir believed in a formless Supreme God. 

5. He preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion. 

6. He expressed his ideas through a vast collection of verses called Sakhis and pads composed by him.

(C) Pandharpur

Both Virashaivas and the sants of Maharashtra rejected social inequality and caste differences. 

• The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and they were against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship. 
• The sants of Maharashtra rejected all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety and social differences based on birth. They preferred to live with their families, earning their livelihood like any other person, while humbly serving fellow human beings in need. They insisted on the idea of sharing others' pain.

1. Guru Nanak emphasized the importance of the worship of one God.

2. He insisted that caste, creed or gender was irrelevant for attaining liberation. 

3. In his opinion liberation was not the state of inert bliss, but rather the pursuit of active life with a strong sense of social commitment. 

4. He emphasized right worship, the welfare of others, and purity of conduct. 

5. Guru Nanak’s idea of equality had social and political implications.

a. Basavanna strongly argued for the equality of all human beings. Kabir ridiculed the pre-eminence of priestly classes and the caste system. Guru Nanak insisted that greed and gender are irrelevant for attaining liberation. Thus all the three saints criticized the caste in pits prevalent form and proposed suggestions to reform it.

b. Basavanna was against all forms of rituals and idol worship Kabir openly ridiculed all forms of external worship of both the Hindus and Muslims. He believed in a formless Supreme God. He preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion. Guru Nanak emphasized the importance of worship of one god.

c. Kabir preached that the only path to salvation was through bhakti or devotion. Nanak insisted that caste, creed, and gender are irrelevant for attaining liberation.

Answer is (A) Nanak

a. 1. They criticized rituals and other aspects of conventional religion and social order. 

2. They advocated renunciation of the world. 

3. They believed that salvation lay in meditation on the formless ultimate. 

4. To achieve salvation they advocated intense training of the mind and the body through practices like yogasanas, breathing exercises, and meditation.

b. 1. The saints of Maharashtra rejected all forms of ritualism. The outward display of piety. 

2. They opposed social differences based on birth. 

3. They rejected the idea of renunciation.

c. 1. The Sufis rejected outward religiosity. 

2. They emphasized love and devotion to God and compassion towards all fellow human beings. 

3. They rejected the elaborate rituals and codes of behavior demanded by Muslim religious scholars. 

4. They sought union with God. 

5. They believed that the heart can be trained to look at the world in a different way.

The ideas of the saints of Maharashtra were : 

1. They rejected all forms of ritualism, outward display of piety, and social differences based on birth.

2. They rejected the idea of renunciation. 

3. They insisted that bhakti lay in sharing others’ pain.

Correct option is: (a) 24^th

Answer is (B) Kabir

The connection between the bhakti movement and temple worship in turn lead to a reaction that was best represented in the Virashaiva movement. It was initiated by Basavanna. This movement began in Karnataka in the mid-twelfth century The major ideas expressed by Basavanna were,

• the Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings. 
• they were against scriptural ideas about caste and the treatment of women. 
• they were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.

_Vitthala temple_ was an important centre of the Bhakti tradition in Maharashtra.

In the medieval period, society was under the burden of evil social practices such as casteism. Untouchability, the dominance of priestly class over the people of other castes. So the saints of Bhakti wanted to reform the society. Therefore they argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and questioned the relevance of scriptural ideas about the caste. There were so many unscrupulous religious beliefs challenged by the saints of Bhakti. Idol worship, polytheism evil aspects of conventional religion expensive rituals, external worship, pre-eminence of the priestly classes, orthodox customs and beliefs, outward display of piety were the unscrupulous religious practices the saints of Bhakti wanted to do away with. These social and religious conditions caused the outbreak of the bhakti movement.

Vitthala is an incarnation of Vishnu

Answer is (C) Vitthala

Either the Virashaivas or the saints of Maharashtra strongly opposed the caste system. The Virashaivas strongly argued for the equality of all human beings. They were against scriptural ideas about caste. On the other hand, the saints of Maharashtra rejected the social differences based on birth. They encouraged universal brotherhood by insisting that bhakti lay in sharing others’ pain. They taught to serve fellow human beings in need. ,

Correct option is:(B) 16.67%

Dispersion measures the extent to which different items tend to dispersion away from the central tendency.

Karl pearson suggested coefficient of variation as an appropriate relative measure of standard deviation.

It is a percentage measure of standard deviation with respect to mean, i.e.,
Coefficient of variation = Coefficient of SD × 100
= \(\frac{s}{x¯}\) × 100

• It is a most useful relative measure for comparing the dispersion of two or more data. Less the coefficient of variation of the data, less is the dispersion in it and called the data stable. Such data is called more consistant.
• More the coefficient of variation of the data, more is the dispersion in it and called the data less stable.

Correct option is: (A) 5

1. Actual mean method

2. Assumeed mean method

3. Direct method & step deviation method.

Correct option is:(D) Coefficient of variation