Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

This section includes 7 InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Current Affairs knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

Give a mathematical expression showing the relationship between the extent of adsorption of a gas on the surface of solid with pressure (with olower and higher ranges).

Answer»
Discussion
2.

Give a condition for a compound to be precipitated.

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Solution :When the product of MOLAR concentration of the CONSISTITUENT ions i. e. , ionic product, exceeds the solubility product then the compound GETS precipitated.
ionic product `GT K_(sp)` precipitation will OCCUR and the solution is super saturated.
Discussion
3.

Further growth of canerous cells in the body is arrested by:

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Physiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Electrothereapy
Psychotherapy

Answer :B
Discussion
4.

Further growth of cancerous cells in the body is arrested by:

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physiotherapy
chemotherapy
electrotherapy
PSYCHOTHERAPY

Solution :PAUL Ehrlich, the fatherof chemotherapy defined it to INJURE of destroy inflectioncausedby microorganismby theused ofdrugs withoutcausingany INJURY to thehost .
Discussion
5.

Give a detailedaccount of theinterhalogencompounds with special reference to the compounds involving iodine. Draw their structures.

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Solution :Each halogen combines with another halogen to form SEVERAL compounds known as interhalogen compounds.
Types:

Methods of Preparation interhalogen compounds:
`I_(2)+Cl_(2)"(equimolar)" rarr 2ICl(AX)`
`Cl_(2)+3F_(2)"(Excess)" 2ClF_(3)(AX_(3))`
`I_(2)+5F_(2)"(Excess)"rarr 2IF_(5)(AX_(5))`
`IF_(5)+F_(2)"(Excess)" OVERSET(573K)rarr IF_(7)(AX_(7))`
Structure of interhalogen compounds.
(i) Type AX: These are covalent compounds in which the LARGER halogen forms the central atom.
Eg: CIF, BrF.
A ________X `sp^(3)` hybridisation - linear linear
(ii) Type `AX_(3)`:
(a) Without lone pair of electrons, it is T-shaped.
(b) Bipyramidal structure.
(c) `sp^(3)` hybridisation. Eg: `ClF_(3)`

(iii) Type `AX_(5)`:
(a) Without lone pair, it is square pyramidal.
(b) OCTAHEDRAL structure.
(c) `sp^(3)d^(2)` hybridisation Eg: `IF_(5)`

Type `AX_(7)` :

(a) Pentagonal pyramidal.
(b) `sp^(3)d^(3)` hybridisation Eg: `IF_(7)`
Discussion
6.

Give a detailed account of the collision theory of reaction rates of biomolecular geseous reactions.

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SOLUTION :Collision theory of reaction rate bimolecular reactions salient features.
`to` The reaction molecules are assumed to be hard spheres
`to` The reaction is postulated to occur when molecules collide with each other.
`to` The number of collisions per second per unit volume of the reaction mixture is known as collidion frequenxy (Z).
`to` For a biomolecular elementary reaction
`A+B yo` proudcts
Rate `=Z _(AB). e ^(-E_(a)//RT):Z _(AB)` = collision frequency.
`to` All collisions do not lead to produce formation.
`to` The collisions with surfficient kinetic energy (Threshold energy) are responsible for produect formation . These are called as EFFECTIVE collisions.
`to` To account for effective collisions a factor p called to probability factor or steric factor is introduced.
Rate `=PZ _(AB). e^(-e_(a)//RT)`
`to` The proper orientiation of reactant MOLECULAR lead to bond formation where as IMPROPER orientation makes them back and no product are formed.

`to` In this theory activation enerfgy and proper orientation of the molecules of the molecules to gather determine the createria for an effective collision and hence the rate of a chemical reaction.
Discussion
7.

Furances are lined with calcium oxide because :

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It GIVES off oxygen on HEATING
It gives light on heating
It is refractory and BASIC
It is not affected by acids

Answer :C
Discussion
8.

First law of thermodynamics

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SOLUTION :A COROLLARY of the FIRST law of THERMODYNAMICS : The TOTAL amount of work or mechanical energy absorbed by a system is quantitatively convered into heat energy and vice versa. OR There is equivalence between work or mechanical energy and heat energy.
Discussion
9.

Furacine is an

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ANTIBIOTIC
Analgesic
Antihistamine
ANTISEPTIC

ANSWER :D
Discussion
10.

Functional groups in aspirin are

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CARBOXYLIC ACID
ESTER
alcohol
1 and 2

Answer :D
Discussion
11.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between methanol and ethanol.

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SOLUTION :ETHANOL GIVES IODOFORM test, whereas METHANOL does not give this test.
Discussion
12.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between ethylamine and aniline.

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Solution :The two compounds can be DISTINGUISHED by performing `NaNO_(2)//HCL` test. Ethylamine on treatment with `NaNO_(2)//HCl` evolves `N_(2)` gas and an alcohol is formed.
ANILINE on treatment with `NaNO_(2)//HCl` at 273-278 K gives no NITROGEN gas and a diazonium salt is formed.
Discussion
13.

Functional group in a saturated carboxylic acid is:

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(-COOH)
X=0
(-OH)
None

Answer :A
Discussion
14.

…………funciton in bloodclotting .

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SOLUTION :VITAMIN B5
Discussion
15.

Fuming sulphuric acid is commercially known as:

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Oleum
Sulphurous acid
Marshall's acid
Caro's acid

Answer :A
Discussion
16.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and N-methylaniline.

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Answer :Aniline being PRIMARY amine gives carbylamine TEST, an offensive smell of phenyl carbylamine, by ADDING KOH and `CHCl_(3)`. N-Methylaniline does not react.
Discussion
17.

Fuming nitric acid is:

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CONC. `HNO_3 + NO_2`
Conc. `HNO_3 + NO_3`
Conc. `HNO_3 + N_2O_3`
Conc. `HNO_3 + NO`

ANSWER :A
Discussion
18.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between a primary and a secondary amine.

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SOLUTION :CARBYLAMINE REACTION or Libermann NITROSO reaction.
Discussion
19.

Fuming H_2SO_4 (oleum) is a homogenous mixture of H_2SO_4 and SO_3.Then which of the following statement(s) are correct :

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If `H_2SO_4` and `SO_3` are EQUIMOLAR in an oleum sample, then strength of oleum is 110.11%
If `H_2SO_4 and SO_3` are having equal masses in an oleum sample, then strength of oleum is 111.25 %
Strength of an oleum sample MAY be LESS than 100%
If strength of oleum is (100+x) % , then x G of water to be added to 100 g oleum sample convert WHOLE of `SO_3` to `H_2SO_4`

Solution :NA
Discussion
20.

Fumes of hydrochloric acid obtained by heating a dry salt in a test tube indicates the presence of

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an alkali METAL CHLORIDE
`Hg_(2)Cl_2`
A hydrated chloride such as `ZnCl_(2).H_2O`
An alkaline EARTH metal chloride.

Solution :A hydrated metal chloride.
Discussion
21.

Give a chemical reaction in the support of the observation that sulphuric acid has low volatility.

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Solution :Because of low volatility, `H_(2)SO_(4)` can be used to prepare more volatile ACIDS from their corresponding salts.
`2 MX + UNDERSET("Less volatile")(H_(2)SO_(4)) RARR underset("More volatile")(HX) + M_(2)SO_(4)""(X = F, CI, NO_(3))`
Discussion
22.

Fuming nitric acid is,

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50% `HNO_(3)`
60% `HNO_(3)`
68% `HNO_(3)`
98% `HNO_(3)`

ANSWER :D
Discussion
23.

Give a chemical test to distinguish between aniline and ethylamine.

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ANSWER :Add `NaNO_(2)` and dil. HCl to the compound cool to 273 - 278 K. Add alkaline SOLUTION of `BETA-`napthol. Aniline GIVES orange red eye. Ethylamine does not give the dye.
Discussion
24.

Give a chemical equation or name of the reaction to support the following statement : Sodium chlorate (NaClO_3) is an oxidant.

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SOLUTION :`I_2 + 2NaClO_3 to 2NA IO_3 + Cl_2 `
Discussion
25.

Give a chemical evidence that fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine

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SOLUTION :`F_2` DISPLACES `Cl_2` from CHLORIDES.
`2KCL + F_2 RARR 2KF + Cl_2`
Discussion
26.

Fulminating gold is:

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`CuFeS_2`
`FeS_2`
`AU(NH_2)=NHorAuN_2H_3`
`AuCl_3`

ANSWER :C
Discussion
27.

Fullerene is example of which type of solid ?

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AMORPHOUS solid 
MOLECULAR solid 
Covalent solid 
Metallicsolid 

ANSWER :B
Discussion
28.

Fuels from crude oil are separated from one another by :

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FRACTIONAL crystallisation
Crystallisation
Steam DISTILLATION
SELECTIVE adsorption

Answer :A
Discussion
29.

Fuel cells produce electricity with an efficiency of about "_______" compared to thermal plants whose efficiency is about 40%.

Answer»

`80%`
`90%`
`70%`
`100%`

Solution :The efficiency of ENERGY conversion of the fuel cell operation is `60 - 70^` of the theoretical maximum (based on `DeltaG`). This represents about twice the efficiency that cen be REALIZED from burning hydrogen in a heat engine coupled to a generator.
There has been tremendous program in the development of new electrode materials, better catalystes for INCREASING the efficiency of fuel cells.
Theses have been useed in automobiles on an experimental basis. Fuel cells are pollution free and in view of their future importance, a variety of fuel cells have been FABRICATED and tried.
Discussion
30.

Fuel cell is an electrical cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The most successful fuel cell is H_(2)-O_(2) fuel cell, which is known as Bacon cell. It had been used to fulfil the electric power supply required in Appolo mission. This fuel cell is pollution free. Fuel cells are preferred to other energy producing devices in space because of

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HIGH EFFICIENCY
pollution free NATURE
less weight
all of these

Solution :(d) All are CORRECT.
Discussion
31.

Innumerable number of galvanic cells can be constructed on the pattern of Daneill cell by taking combination of different half cells. What is galvanic cells?

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Solution :A galvanic CELL is a DEVICE which can convert chemical ENERGY into ELECTRICAL energy.e.g.,DANIELL cell.
Discussion
32.

Fuel cell is an electrical cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The most successful fuel cell is H_(2)-O_(2) fuel cell, which is known as Bacon cell. It had been used to fulfil the electric power supply required in Appolo mission. This fuel cell is pollution free. The fuel used in the cell used in Appolo mission was

Answer»

`H_(2)`
`H_(2)-O_(2)`
`CH_(4)`
`O_(2)`

SOLUTION :(b) It is a hydrogen-oxygen fuel CELL.
Discussion
33.

Fuel cells are special type of galvanic cells. Write the electrode reactions is H_2-O_2 fuel cell.

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Solution :anode` 2H_2(G)+4OH^(-)(aq)to 4H_2O(L)+4bare`
CATHODE `O_2(g)+2H_2O(l)+4e^(-)to4OH^(-)(aq)`
CELL REACTION ` 2H_2(g)+O_2(g)to2H_2O(l)`
Discussion
34.

Whys is F_(2) a stronger oxidising agent than Cl_(2) ?

Answer»

SOLUTION :`F_2` DISPLACES `Cl_2` from CHLORIDES.
`2KCL + F_2 RARR 2KF + Cl_2`
Discussion
35.

Fruity smell is given by

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ESTERS
ALCOHOLS
CHLOROFORM
ACID anhydrides

Answer :A
Discussion
36.

Fuel cell is an electrical cell which converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The most successful fuel cell is H_(2)-O_(2) fuel cell, which is known as Bacon cell. It had been used to fulfil the electric power supply required in Appolo mission. This fuel cell is pollution free. The cell used in Appolo mission was

Answer»

Leclanche CELL
DANIELL cell
Voltaic cell
Bacon cell

Solution :(d) Bacon cell was USED in Appolo MISSION. It is named after the BRITISH Scientist who developed it.
Discussion
37.

Give a chemical equation or name of the reaction to show that sodium chlorate (NaCIO_3) is a strong oxidant.

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SOLUTION :`I_2 + 2NaClO_(3) RARR 2NaIO_(3) + Cl_2`
Discussion
38.

Give a brief idea about insulin.

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Answer :It is secreted by trigard PANCREAS GLAND and REGULATES the METABOLISM of glucose and other sugars.
Discussion
39.

Fruits are preserved by using :

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Aldehydes
Sodium benzoate
FORMIC acid
Salicylic acid

ANSWER :B
Discussion
40.

Give a brief account of the following with one example of each: (i). Markownikov's rule (ii). Kharasch effect (iii). Saytzeff's rule.

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SOLUTION :(i). For markownikov's RULE
(ii). For KHARASCH effect
(III). For SAYTZEFF's rule.
Discussion
41.

Fructose when treated with HCN and subjected to hydrolysis followed by reduction gives_______.

Answer»

SORBITOL
MANNITOL
hexanoic ACID
2-methyl he,X:anoic acid

SOLUTION :2-methyl he,x:anoic acid
Discussion
42.

Give a brief account of the following reaction. (i) esterification, (ii) Riemer Tiemann reaction.

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Solution :When an alkyl halide is heated with an alcoholic solution of SODIUM alkoxide, the CORRESPONDING ethers are obtained. The reaction involves `SN^(2)` mechanism.
`CH_(3)-Ona + Br - C_(2)H_(5) overset(Delta) to CH_(3) - O -C_(2)H_(5) + NaBr`
Mechanism:
`CH_(3) -O^(-)Na^(+) + CH_(3) - CH_(2)-Br overset(-NaBr) underset(Delta) to underset("methoxyethane")(CH_(3)-CH_(2)-overset(..)underset(..)O -CH_(3)`
Primary allkyl halides are more susceptible for `SN^(2)` reaction. HENCE for the preparation of mixed ether having primary and tertiary alkyl group, primary alkyl halide and tertiary alkoxide are used. On the other HAND, if we use tertiary alkyl halide and primary alkoxide are used. On the other hand, if we use tertiary alkyl halide and primary alkoxide, elimination domiantes and succedes over substitution to form an an alkene.
Discussion
43.

Fructose reduces Tollen's reagent due to

Answer»

asymmetric carbons
PRIMARY alcoholic group
secondary alcoholic group
enolisation of FRUCTOSE followed by conversion to aldehyde by base

SOLUTION :Fructose is a ketone. In PRESENCE of a base. It is converted into a mixture of glucose and mannose (Lobry de Bruyn van Ekenstein rearrangement via enolisation followed by conversion to aldehyde as SHOWN on both of which contain the `-CHO` group and hence reduce Tollens' reagent to give silver mirror test. Thus , option (d) , is correct.
Discussion
44.

Give a basic structural difference starch and calculation.

Answer»

SOLUTION :
Discussion
45.

Fructose on reduction with HI/P gives

Answer»

n-hexane
iso-hexane
`1^@` alcohol
no REACTION

SOLUTION :n-haxane
Discussion
46.

Fructoseon oxidationwith concentratednitricacidgives ……….. .

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glycericacid + oxlaicacid
glycollicaicd + tartaricacid
tartronicacid + mesoxalic ACID
ACETIC acid + hexanoincacid

ANSWER :B
Discussion
47.

Gibb's free energy is given by ________.

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`DELTA G^(@) = -nFE^(@)`
`Delta G^(@) = nF`
`Delta G^(@) = nFE^(@)`
`Delta E^(@) = -nFG^(@)`

ANSWER :A
Discussion
48.

Gibb's Helmholtz equation is _____.

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ANSWER :`triangleG=triangleH-TtriangleS`
Discussion
49.

Fructose is prepared commercially by ……… a polysaccharide which occurs in dahlia tubers and Jerusalem artichokes :

Answer»

Insulin
Cellulose
Lactose
None

ANSWER :A
Discussion
50.

Gibbs free energy G, enthalpy H and entropy S are related by:

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G=H+TS
G=H-TS
G-TS=H
S=H-G

Answer :B
Discussion