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1. The intention of the government is to confer the country’s highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna on Dhyan Chand. 

2. The PM Narendra Modi has to forward Dhyan Chand ’s name to the President of India for the award. 

3. The government has ordered five medallions from the RBI Mint. 

4. Sachin Tendulkar was the first sportsman to be awarded the Bharat Ratna award. 

5. No, Dhyan Chand’s contribution to sports and the nation is greater than that of Tendulkar’s. 

6. Sehwag says that the Bharat Ratna award should be conferred on Dhyan Chand.

7. Dhyan Chand earned the moniker of “Hockey Wizard” in his life time. 

8. The National Stadium, Delhi is named after the great “Hockey Wizard”, Dhyan Chand. 

1. Yes, India has over 35,000 institutions of higher education. 

2. In the coming decades more and more Indians will look towards private institutions for higher education. 

3. India has virtually become the world’s back office as foreign companies are outsourcing jobs to India. 

4. With the number of educated middle class Indians swelling, the requirements of careers are changing in India. 

5. The government is responding to the requirements of higher education by establishing more AIIMS and IITs across states. 

6. By 2030, almost 590 million people will live in cities in India, almost twice the current population of the United States of America. 

7. Young Indians are looking for the quality education or the world-class education in India. 

8. The private sector education can play a leading role in building a sound future of India.

1. Some kite lovers would like to use the option of flying kites on August 15. 

2. Amit Chadha feels that the excitement of flying kites is not the same as it used to be when he was a kid. 

3. No, people in general would not like cancelling movies and travel plans to fly kites. 

4. Saurabh Tiwari will take some snacks, a music system and lots of friends on the roof to enjoy kite flying on the Independence Day. 

5. No, the children of 80s and 90s were brought up in the tradition of flying kites on the Independence Day. 

6. Flying kites on the Independence Day with her kids makes Juhi happy and nostalgic. 

7. Vinod Taneja struggles with his son as the child is glued to the television and has no interest in flying kites. 

8. Vinod Taneja wants his son to feel the way he felt about the Independence Day himself when he was a kid. 

1. The US has overtaken Russia in the supply of arms to India. 

2. Russia is scared of the aggressive inroads made by the US in sales of arms to India. 

3. India has turned to Israel to upgrade some of its Russian-origin equipments. 

4. India will spend close to $ 35 billion in the purchase of 200 stealth fighters in the next decade. 

5. The US, Russia, France and Israel are the four countries that have topped in the sales of weapons to India. 

6. US defence secretary made a renewed pitch for co-production of arms in another dozen projects. 

7. India is consciously trying to diversify its arms imports as it doesn’t want to depend on any one country, mainly Russia, in this regard. 

8. INS Vikramaditya is an aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy.

1. How has the transfer of power in India taken place? 

2. Why has the journey been much rockier regarding the second critical question? 

3. There has been more stress on talking than, giving attention to the implementation, of schemes by the government. 

4. The outcomes of the good intentions of the government were not very encouraging. 

5. Misaligned incentives and the nexus between politicians and bureaucrats have been held responsible for the poor show. 

6. Providing relief to the masses and implementing the welfare programmes has remained a far cry so far. 

7. Another view is that warfare laid the foundations of the modern nation state in Europe and East Asia. 

8. Historian Charles Tilly argues that states make war and war makes states. 

1. The nation heard the first Independence Day speech of Narendra Modi with great expectations and hopes. 

2. Like John F. Kennedy, Modi reminded his countrymen what they can do for their nation than asking what the nation can do for them. 

3. The Prime Minister spoke freely to a shared national character by speaking to a shared shame — like rapes. 

4. Parents become super vigilant when their daughters attain puberty, keeping a constant watch on their activities. 

5. The PM asked the parents to quiz their sons more than their daughters as every rapist and extremist is someone’s son. 

6. No, the Prime Minister made an extempore speech on the Independence Day. 

7. Modi invited the advanced nations of the world to invest in India and make things in India. 

8. Instead of fighting each other, we should fight poverty together.

(a) equally nutritious. 

(b) exporters of organic food. 

(c) not buying organic food. 

(d) milk is sold at a higher price as it is believed that it has more nutritional value. 

(e) is laughing at them. 

(f) it is less contaminated with pesticides. 

(g) adulterated. 

(h) indulge

(a) attention 

(b) dependency 

(c) facilitate 

(d) needs

(a) Many cities in India accurately mirror Fredrich Engels’ description of the urban centres in the nineteenth century in England even today. 

(b) exposed the depths of urban decay in India.

There are certain human activities which destroy the library resources. Such activities may be intentional, unintentional or due to ignorance towards the upkeep of building and its parts, equipments and others. 

The examples of man-made disasters are as fire, war and invasion, etc. To reduce the man-made disaster, the equipments should be maintained timely, electricity wiring should be checked periodically, building should be repaired time to time, and drainage and sewage should be checked and maintained properly. Any kind of fire should be avoided in the library. There should be fire extinguisher in the library. As far as possible conditions like war and invasion should be avoided.

Bibliographic instruction programmes are meant for advance users for serious study. It is a programme of educating users in the systematic use of information resources. 

It helps the users in taking maximum advantage of library resources to meet their information needs.

Bibliographic instruction is the instruction to a user about the information resources available in particular subject, discipline, and the techniques of making use of those resources.

Subject gateways provide high quality evaluated web resources and the basic objective of any subject gateway is to help users to locate high quality information resources available on the internet. 

These are user searchable metadata databases with hyperlinks to specific information. Search may be with keywords or subject headings. 

Example: INFOPORT (INFLIBNET Subject Gateways for Indian Electronic Resources), etc

OPAC (online Public Access Catalogue) is a computerized catalogue of the library resources, available to public for searching online with limitation of boundary and time. 

However, Web OPAC is an online Public Access Catalogue made available on the web. It offers the user with 24 * 7 access to the library catalogue.

(a) This award is given to those coaches who impart coaching temporarily or permanently to the teams or players. The following capabilities are necessary for the eligibility of this award: The coach, who has been imparting training to a player or a team of an indigenous sport and that team has raised the standard of sport during the last three years is also eligible for this award. The coach is also eligible for this award whose player has achieved top position like won gold medal, silver medal or bronze medal at Olympic games or at world cup tournament. The player who has won the gold medal at Asian Games or Common Wealth Games.
This award is presented by youth welfare and Human Resources Developed Minister, Govt, of India. In this award, 5 lakh rupees cash, a symbol of Guru Dronacharya and a certificate are presented to the coach.

(b) Eligibility for Dronacharaya Award : This award is given to those coaches who impart coaching temporarily, or permanently to the teams or players. The following capabilities are necessary for the eligibility of this award:

(a) Individual Events: The coach is eligible for Dronacharya Award whose player/ players has/have achieved following positions :

1. The player, who has won gold, silver or bronze medal at Olympic Games or at World Cup Tournament or at World Championship.
2. The player, who has won gold, silver or bronze medal at World Championship.
3. The player, who has broken the world record. This record should have been recognised by the International Sports Federation.
4. The player, who has won the gold medal at Asian Games or Commonwealth Games.

The player, who has won gold medal three times in Asian Championship or in Commonwealth Championship.

(b) Team Events : A coach is eligible for Dronacharya Award if he has taken the responsibility of training for the following teams :

1. The team, which has won the gold, silver or bronze medals at World Cup, World Championship. Olympic or in non Olympic sports and the level of performance is better than previous year.
2. The team which has won two gold medals
   i. e. one gold medal in Asian Games and second gold medal in Asian Championship in the year of award or before that year.
3. The team, which has won two gold medals i.e. one in Asian Games and second in Commonwealth Games in the year of award or before that year.

(c) Indigenous Sports: The coach, who has been imparting training to a player or a team of a indigenous sports and that team has ameliorated the standard of sports during the last three years, is also eligible for Dronacharya Award. This award is presented by Youth.

(a) The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by the government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in National sports. The award carries a cash prize of Rs. 500,000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll.
Over the years the scope of the award has been expanded and a large number of sports persons who belonged to the pre-Arjun Award era were also included in the list. Further, the number of disciplines for which the award is given was increased to include indigenous games and the physically handicapped category.

(b) Rules of Arjun Award : Following are the rules for Arjuna Awards :

1. Its main aim is to ameliorate the standard of sports in the country.
2. The Government of India demands the list of sports persons from National Sports Federations which are recognised by the Government of India. This list is submitted every year on a fixed date.
3. Generally this award is given to one player of a game but this can be given to a female player of the same game.
4. The fixed date can be extended by the Government of India.
5. The Government of India forms a special committee which vividly inspects the list of players already sent by various federations of sports. After proper inspection, the special committee sends this list to the Government of India.
6. If the Government of India does not receive any list from Sports Federations
   in any year, then it may award any specific player for that year.
7. Any sports federation can send a list of three players to the Government of India. Though Government of India gives award to only one player but in case of a female, she can also be awarded. So maximum two players i.e. one male and one female can be selected for the award from a game.
8. The final decision regarding Arjuna Award lies in the hands of the Government of India. The Government of India decides the date and venue for the presentation of Arjuna Award.
9. Arjuna award cannot be presented to a player, second time.
10. Arjuna award can be given posthumously.
11. The Government of India can nullify the award of any sportsperson.
12. The decision of the Government of India is last and final regarding these rules. There cannot be any hearing about such cases.
13. The individual, whose name is recom mended for the Arjuna Award, should obey these rules.

A warm-up is usually performed before participating in technical sports or exercising. A warm-up generally consists of a gradual increase in intensity in physical activity (pulse raiser), a joint mobility exercise, stretching and a sport related activity. For example, before running or playing an intense sport one might slowly jog to warm muscles and increase heart rate. It is important that warm ups should be specific to the exercise that will follow, which means that exercises (of warm up) should prepare the muscles to be used and to activate the energy systems that are required for that particular activity. The risks and benefits of combining stretching with warming up are mixed and in some cases disputed. Warming up prepares the body mentally & physically.

Types of warm-up:

Ballistic Stretches: Ballistic Stretches (involving bouncing or jerking) are purported to help extend limbs more during exercise to allow an individual to be more agile and flexible. However this type of stretching can cause injury and is not generally recommended.

Static Stretches: Flexing the muscles to help prevent injury and allow greater flexibility and agility. Note that some sources discourage static stretching as muscles are more prone to damage if stretched while cold. Static stretching for too long can also weaken the muscles temporarily.

ICTs in Libraries: 

i. Facilitates effective control in Libraries 

ii. Provides speedy and easy access to information 

iii. Enables remote and flexible access to customized information 

iv. Facilitates access to unlimited source.

To facilitate sharing of resources.

Personality: 

Personality is the first facet in many subjects. 

It is recognized by the principle of Residue. 

Connecting symbol is Comma (,).

Advantages of Library Automation: 

i. Improves the quality, speed and effectiveness of services. 

ii. Relieves professional staff from clerical work. 

iii. Makes it accessible to remote user. 

iv. Enables rapid communication with Librarian.

PDF reader is needed to read an e-book in pdf form.

Library Consortia: A group of libraries working together towards a common goal. 

Helps libraries to provide unlimited access to a wider variety of information sources. 

Facilitates co-opeartive acquisition

User education is a continuous process of educating the library users for effective utilization of library resources and its services. The main objective of user education programme is to make users aware of its resources, procedures and the retrieval of information. The user education programmes are of following four different categories: 

i. User awareness programme; 

ii. Library orientation programme; 

iii. Interest profiling programme; and 

iv. Bibliographic instruction programme.

Digital publication of complete book consisting of text, graphics or both and readable on electronic devices like computers. 

User education is a continuous process of educating the library user for effective utilization of library resources and its services. 

Objectives: 

i. To create an awareness about resources, procedures and services 

ii. To promote reading habits 

iii. To develop skills for collecting information 

iv. To create an awareness about different information holding agencies 

v. To create an awareness of merit and demerit of reading material.

It provides multilingual support for Indian and other foreign languages based on UNICODE.

Seed coat is for protection.

Fewer stomata on the upper surface prevent excessive loss of water due to transpiration as this surface is directly exposed to sunlight.

Observations (b) and (d) are correct. Wings of insect and wings of birds are used for the same function of flying so they are analogous. Thorns of citrus and tendrils of cucurbit have same origin. Both arises from stem so they are homologous.

(i) (a) The order of increasing hydrogen ion concentration is C < A < B. Higher the pH value, lower is the hydrogen ion concentration.
(b) B is most acidic as it has least pH value.
(c) Hydrogen ion concentration decreases on dilution.
(ii) Baking Soda is a mild base and neutralises the excess acid in the stomach.
(iii) Baking Soda: Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃)

When beam of light was passed through beaker A containing true solution, path of light was not visible. But when it was passed through beaker B (colloidal solution), the path of light becomes visible.

Unisexual flowers possess either male or female reproductive organs whereas bisexual flowers possess both male and female reproductive organs.

It is a displacement reaction.
Metal X is more reactive than metal Y
Metal X is displacing metal Y from its salt solution. A more reactive metal displaces less reactive one from its salt solution hence X is more reactive than Y.

When a mature Spirogyra filament attains considerable length its filament breaks up into smaller fragments and each fragment grows into a new filament or individual

(a) Electric power is the rate at which work is done or energy transformed into an electric circuit.

SI unit  - Watt

(b) 

(i) \(Power = \frac{Energy}{Time}\)

Energy = Power x Time

Energy = 2 x 2

E = 4KWH

(ii) In joule

E = 4 x 3.6 x 10⁶ J

E = 12.56 x 10⁶ J

(a) When magnet will be perpendicular to the current carrying conductor then displacement of the rod will be maximum.

(b) Fleming's left hand rule gives the direction of force experienced by current carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic field.

 Fleming's left hand rule the thumb,

According,

First finger and second finger are hold mutually perpendicular to each other. The thumb represent the direction of force on the conductor.

(c)

(i) The direction will the rod displaced towards west to east

(ii) Electric Motor, Electric Generator.

Broad spectrum antibiotic: Antibiotics which kill or inhibit a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are known as broad spectrum antibiotics, e.g., chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, vancomycin, etc.

As only sulphide ore particles are wet by oil while gangue particles are wet by water.

Reverse osmosis: If the pressure applied on the solution is greater than the osmotic pressure then the solvent molecules start to move from solution into solvent through semipermeable membrane. This process is called reverse osmosis

'r’ is called intrinsic rate of natural increase.

Oral contraceptive of female consists of either progestogen or progesterone–estrogen combination. They are taken as pills that inhibit ovulation and implantation.

1. Reactions in different temperature zone of blast furnace:

At 500 – 800 K

• 2Fe₂O₃ + CO → 2Fe₂O₃ + CO₂
• Fe₃O₄ + 4CO → 3Fe + 4CO₂
• Fe₂O₃ + CO → 2FeO + CO₂

At 900 K – 1500K

• C + CO₂ → 2CO
• FeO + CO → Fe + CO₂
• C + O₂ → CO₂

Above 1570 K – coke acts as reducing agent and CaCO₃ acts as flux

• FeO + C → Fe + CO
• CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂
• CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃ (Slag)

Biodegradable polymers are those which can be decomposed by microorganisms. Example – PHBV (Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxy valerate).

(a) Lanthanoid contraction: The steady decrease in the atomic and ionic radii of lanthanoids with increase in atomic number is known as lanthanoid contraction

Cause of lanthanoid contraction: As we move along the lanthanoid series, for every additional proton in the nucleus, the corresponding electron goes into 4f -subshell, there is poor shielding of one electron by another in this subshell due to the shapes of these f-orbitals. The imperfect shielding is not able to counterbalance the effect of the increased nuclear charge. Thus the net result is decrease in size with increase in atomic number.

Consequences:
(i) 5d series elements have nearly same radii as that of 4d-series.

(ii) The basic strength of hydroxides decreases from La(OH) ₃ to Lu(OH)₃ .

(b) (i) Because the high hydration enthalpy of Cu²⁺ easily compensates the second ionization enthalpy of Cu.

(ii) Because strong ligand cause spin pairing giving rise to diamagnetic octahedral complex which are very stable and have very large crystalfield stabilization energy. This splitting energy overcomes the ionization enthalpy.

(iii) This is due to stability of Mn ²⁺ as it has half filled d⁵ configuration.