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Right ANSWER is (a) MICROPYLE

Explanation: Passage or pore present at the end of the ovary is called a micropyle. It is a small opening through which water, air, nutrients, ETC. go. This pore or passage is LEFT by INTEGUMENTS.

The CORRECT option is (c) Absence of integuments

To EXPLAIN: Ategmic means the absence of integuments. Integuments are a NATURAL outer, PROTECTIVE layer. Just like skin in animals, integument in plants is thin and layered.

Correct CHOICE is (a) nucellus

The explanation is: The MASS of parenchymatous cells are ALSO known as the Nucellus. It maybe MASSIVE (crassinucellate ovule) or thin (tenuinucellate ovule). Its SURROUNDED by one or more teguments.

The correct answer is (b) True

To explain I would SAY: Yes. There are 6 TYPES of ovaries present according to its configuration. Orthotropous (atropous, erect), anatropous (INVERTED), hemitropous (half inverted), CAMPYLOTROPOUS (body curved), amphitropous (both body and embryo sac curved) and circinotropous (funiculus coiled around the ovule).

Right answer is (b) fused

Explanation: In a TYPICAL anatropous, the funicle is fused with BODY of the ovary. It gives a longitudinal RISE called the raphe. The funicle contains the vascular strands that provide nourishment to the ovary.

Right choice is (c) Funicle

Easy explanation: The ovule is STALKED. The stalk or the funicle is connected to the ovary by the PLACENTA. This point is known as the hilum. It’s through which WATER and nutrients go INSIDE the ovary.

The CORRECT option is (d) Placenta

To explain I would say: The ovules GROW and mature on the parenchymatous cushion in the ovary, also KNOWN as the placenta. Placenta is the MEDIUM through which young ovules get nutrition. The ovules may APPEAR singly or in a cluster.

Correct choice is (C) Ovule

Easy EXPLANATION: An ovule is an integumented megasporangium found in SPERMATOPHYTES which develops into a seed on fertilization. The cells within the megasporangium are diploid which will divide VIA meiosis to form 4 megaspores.

Right OPTION is (B) Parenchymatous cushion

The explanation: The ovule bearing parenchymatous tissue is known as the PLACENTA. It is also the part of the ovary where the FUNICULUS ATTACHES itself. Just like in humans, the placenta provides nutrition to the growing ovules.

The correct option is (C) Chambers

To ELABORATE: The ovary carries the OVULES. It has an ovarian cavity with ONE or more chambers or locules. There are different WAYS in which the ovules may align themselves in the ovary.

Correct OPTION is (B) Apocarpous

Explanation: In apocarpous condition the ovaries must be FREE, though the other parts MAYBE fused.Example Oleandar. In simple WORDS, separate carpels.

Correct answer is (b) False

Easy explanation: In hibiscus, the stigma and STYLE are long and free. It comes out of the flower to allow easy pollination. Stigma may be only ONE in number to MANY. They appear in different ways, either in a BUNCH or SINGLY.

The correct choice is (a) Compatibility test

For explanation I would SAY: STIGMA acts as a landing place for the pollen grains from where the style CARRIES it to the ovaries for the fertilization. Stigma ALSO checks the pollen grain for compatibility or incompatibility.

The CORRECT answer is (d) Basal swollen part

To explain I would say: Ovaries can be identified by their characteristic APPEARANCE by being the basal swollen part. The STYLE CONNECTS the ovary with the stigma. An ovary MAY have one or more ovules.

Correct answer is (b) Gynoecium

To ELABORATE: Pistil is the free unit of a gynoecium. A pistil has THREE parts-style, stigma and OVARIES. Stigma acts as a landing PLATFORM for the pollens. Style is the long tube-like structure that carries the MALE gamete to the ovaries.

The correct choice is (d) Gynoecium

Best explanation: Gynoecium represents the FEMALE PART of the FLOWER. It consists of a stigma, STYLE and ovaries. The gynoecium is non motile. It’s the pollens that are motile. They FALL on the stigma which starts the fertilization process.

The correct option is (a) Fused carpels

The best explanation: Syncarpous means fused carpels. Carpels include the female reproductive structures–stigma, STYLE, ovaries. It may exist singly or in a BUNCH. In syncarpous plants, the bunches are fused in DIFFERENT ways.

The correct choice is (d) CARBOHYDRATES

To ELABORATE: Pollen grains are considered NUTRITIOUS since they have proteins (7-26%), carbohydrates (24-48%) and fats (0.9-14.5%). They are used in multiple tablets and syrups to ENHANCE the HEALTH in athletes and race horses.

The correct answer is (a) True

The best I can EXPLAIN: Chenopodium is a source of pollen allergy. Other examples include Amaranthus, Sorghum, Ricinus, Prosopis, Cynodon, etc. Since all these plants produce pollens at DIFFERENT seasons, its EASY to pinpoint the pollen type and ALLERGIES it causes.

Correct option is (B) True

Best explanation: POLLENS are used in cosmetics. Especially the ONES COLLECTED by bees. They are used in a variety of things like NATURE cure, cosmetics and food supplements. Pollens are believed to be rich in nutrients.

The correct option is (b) carrot grass

For explanation: POLLEN ALLERGIES are USUALLY caused by plants that produce pollens in a LARGE number. Because of this they might float in air as well causing them to enter respiratory tracts. Carrot grass, Parthenium are a MAJOR contributor to pollen allergies.

Right ANSWER is (d) liquid nitrogen

Easy EXPLANATION: It is possible to store POLLEN GRAINS in liquid nitrogen. This means at extremely low temperatures (-196°C) in pollen BANKS for later use by the breeders for plant breeding programs.

Right option is (a) ABILITY to germinate

Easiest EXPLANATION: Pollen viability is the period in which the pollen grain can germinate. They vary from species to species. For example, in rice and wheat the pollen viability is 30 minutes while in other plants they may last for few HOURS to days.

The correct option is (C) Study of external morphology of pollens

The best EXPLANATION: Palynology is the study of the external morphology of mature pollen GRAINS. Helps experts to identify the species, genus, FAMILY, nature, etc.

Correct option is (a) Baculate

Easy explanation: Ektexine is a part of the exine which FORMS the outer COVERING. Ektexine is further MADE up of an inner continuous foot LAYER, a middle discontinuous baculite layer and OUTERMOST discontinuous tectum.

Correct answer is (d) Pollenkit

The EXPLANATION: The exine is spiny to help attach itself to insects for pollination. This exine is covered by a STICKY, yellow, OILY covering called pollenkit. Its made up of LIPIDS and CAROTENOID.

The correct choice is (a) True

To elaborate: EXINE possesses PROTEINS for enzymatic and compatibility reactions. Exine is further DIFFERENTIATED into outer ektexine (sexine) and and INNER endexine (nexine).

The correct choice is (B) SPORODERM

To elaborate: Pollen grains are the male gametes. They’ve a wall like protective covering. Sporoderm is the wall or covering of the pollen GRAIN. It has two layers. Exine-the OUTER layer and intine-the inner layer.

Correct CHOICE is (b) sporopollenin

The explanation is: Exine forms the outer LAYER of the POLLEN GRAIN. It is made of sporopollenin. It BASICALLY helps in providing protection. Sporopollenin is chemically inert and is not broken down or degraded by enzymes.

Correct choice is (c) pectocellulosic

The explanation is: Pollen grains are COVERED by sporoderm which constitute 2 layers, the EXINE (OUTER) and intine (inner). Intine is pectocellulosic in nature. At CERTAIN places it contains enzymatic PROTEINS.

The CORRECT choice is (a) starch

Easy explanation: The cytoplasm is rich in starch and unsaturated oils. Unsaturated oils protect the cell or RATHER CHROMOSOME from radiation damage. It prevents mutation of the chromosome, ENSURING the genes are PROTECTED.

Correct answer is (c) ENDOTHECIUM and Tapetum

Easiest EXPLANATION: The walls of the ANTHER or microsporangium are present for protection in young anthers and for the MECHANISM of dehiscence in mature anthers. Endothecium and tapetum have larger cells compared to epidermis and middle layers.

Right OPTION is (d) UNINUCLEATE

Explanation: Pollen grain protoplasts are uninucleate at the beginning but at the time of liberation it becomes 2 or 3 celled. Pollen grains are the male gametes. They are PRESENT INSIDE the pollen sacs.

Right answer is (b) WALL of anther

The explanation is: The aforementioned parts form the wall of the anther. Epidermis forms the first LAYER. It surrounds the meristematic CELLS in young anthers. The second layer is the ENDOTHECIUM. Third layer is the middle layers and the innermost layer is the TAPETUM.

Correct CHOICE is (C) Microsporangia

Explanation: Pollen sacs or microsporangia are present within the anther lobes. Each anther lobe has 2 microsporangia. It’s very rare to SEE a single MICROSPORANGIUM in an anther lobe. Example-Wolffia.

The correct option is (a) MERISTEMATIC CELLS

The best I can EXPLAIN: Anther is the male reproductive structure in a FLOWER. It consists of pollen sacs which contain the male gametes also KNOWN as pollen grains. Young anther is made up of homogeneous meristematic cells.

Right option is (b) False

Best explanation: Each ANTHER lobe consists of two CYLINDRICAL sacs like structures. This means MONOTHECOUS ANTHERS consist of 2 pollen sacs and dithecous anthers consists of 4 pollen sacs.

Right answer is (b) Line of dehiscence

To explain I would SAY: Line of dehiscence is the line ALONG which the anther opens up and spills all the contents inside it. When this line of dehiscence opens up, the pollen grains fall out of it and are carried away by environmental factors LIKE WIND, WATER, animals, etc.

Right option is (a) Vascular strand

For explanation: Connective also KNOWN as sterile PARENCHYMA tissue possesses a vascular strand. This is the tissue that attaches 2 ANTHER lobes together. Since MONOTHECOUS anthers are MADE of only 1 anther lobe, it does not have connective.