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Ldest and most important representative technical body of highway engineers in India. The growth of highway engineering as a profession owes much to the IRC which has completed seventy three years of its existence. It can be claimed that the development of roads in the country has been significantly influenced by the wise COUNSELS given by the IRC and has progressed according to the policies enunciated by it.


The Origin

 

The origin of the IRC can be traced back to the Indian Road Development committee (the Jayakar Committee) appointed by the Government of India in November, 1927. One of the recommendations of this committee was that road conferences should be held periodically to discuss among other things, questions relating to road construction and maintenance. The Central Government, after consulting the STATE Governments, convened an inaugural meeting of highway engineers at New Delhi in December, 1934. This meeting was attended by 73 Engineers from all parts of the then India. This marked the birth of the Indian Roads Congress. When the ACTIVITIES of the IRC expanded, it was registered as a society in 1937 under the Societies Registration Act of 1860. STARTING with a modest membership of 73 in 1934, the IRC has now about 13,500 members comprising of engineers of all ranks from Central and State Governments, Engineering Services of Army, Border Roads Organization, Road Research Institutes, Engineering Colleges, Local Bodies and private enterprises.

Bending moment is the reaction induced in a structural element when an external force or moment is applied to the element causing the element to bend.[1][2] The most common or SIMPLEST structural element SUBJECTED to bending moments is the beam. The diagram shows a beam which is simply supported at both ends. Simply supported means that each end of the beam can rotate; therefore each end support has no bending moment. The ends can only react to the shear LOADS. Other beams can have both ends fixed; therefore each end support has both bending moment and shear reaction loads. Beams can also have one end fixed and one end simply supported. The simplest type of beam is the cantilever, which is fixed at one end and is free at the other end (neither simple or fixed). In reality, beam supports are usually neither ABSOLUTELY fixed nor absolutely rotating freely

Firstly, THANKS for A2A,
Excavation simply means Digging.However, this has got a very IMPORTANT role to play in the construction of Highways and Expressways. For your convenience, i’ll TRY to explain the whole process to you and then you’ll definitely understand that how and why excavation is important.
I was never involved directly in this construction practice. However, I can give you a ‘rough’ idea about this process as this was the part of my Final year project study.

Firstly, a particular land area is chosen from which soil is dug. It is cleared of any vegetation such as tall GRASS and shrubs. That land area must be NEAR to the Highway construction site. Soil samples are then taken out from that area and tested on field for various parameters such as Water content, Permeability, etc. After finding out that the soil is suitable for construction practice, machines such as :

HI hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi

Kani's method also called the ROTATION contribution method is an approximate calculation method for indeterminate structures particularly portal frames and MULTI storey frames with FIXED connection it is a most SIMPLER and less TIME consuming method compared to others

A suspension bridge is a TYPE of bridge in which the deck (the load-bearing portion) is hung below suspension cables on vertical suspenders. The first MODERN examples of this type of bridge were built in the early 1800s. Simple suspension bridges, which lack vertical suspenders, have a long history in many mountainous parts of the world.





Longer main spans are achievable than with any other type of bridge

Less material may be required than other bridge TYPES, even at spans they can achieve, leading to a reduced construction cost

Except for INSTALLATION of the initial temporary cables, little or no access from below is required during construction, for example allowing a waterway to remain open while the bridge is built above

May be better able to withstand earthquake movements than heavier and more rigid bridges

Bridge decks can have deck sections replaced in order to widen traffic lanes for LARGER vehicles or add additions width for separated cycling/pedestrian paths.

SORRY I'm not sure but MAYBE this will help you . PERSISTENCE of vision is 1/16 of a SECOND....so

n/32=1/16

16n=32

n=2

Terzaghi's principle. ... More SPECIFICALLY, Karl von Terzaghi's Principle, also KNOWN as Terzaghi's theory of one-dimensional consolidation, states that all QUANTIFIABLE changes in stress to a SOIL [compression, deformation, shear resistance] are a direct result of a change in effective stress.

Hope it helps you.

SUBSCRIBE TO PEWDIEPIE ON YOUTUBE.

Strength envelope or FAILURE envelope is the COMBINATION of normal and shear stress at which the SOIL FAILS.

If the side FRICTION  with the TUBE is neglected, the process of QUICK sand can be avoided if the following condition is satisfied:  

AL gsub >  hAgw                       (3.12)

where gsub and gw are  respectively the submerged specific weight of the soil and the specific weight of water.

The critical hydraulic gradient ic is defined as that which corresponds to the case in which both sides of relation (3.12) are equal, or

ic = gsub/gw                   (3.13)

This means that if the hydraulic gradient  in granular soil exceeds the ratio between the submerged  specific weight of soil and that of water, quick sand condition is expected to occur.  

The  gsub  is defined in terms of the specific gravity of the solid particles G and the void ratio  e by the relation:

gsub = gw(G-1)/(1+e)            (3.14)  

The SUBSTITUTION from (3.14) into (3.13) leads to equation (3.15)

ic =  (G-1)/(1+e)                      (3.15)

The later is the more common relation USED for ic.

CONCAVE mirror as the focal length as COMPARED to the x and y axis LIES on the x axis on the LEFT so it is negative

Biological OXIDATION PROCESS is aging and it occurs THROUGHOUT the BODY. XD.

HOPE THIS HELPS YOU :)

the most widely USED method of soil STRENGTHENING for USE as a SUBGRADE under a pavement STRUCTURE or other foundation is compaction of the soil at optimum moisture.

# ANSWER- 0.4A

# Explaination-

Consider a LOOP of radius 5cm carrying currem I. Magnetic induction at center of circular CONDUCTING loop is given by

B=µ.n.I/2r

Here,

n=1

r=5cm=0.05m

µ=4π×10^-7

Also magnetic induction of conducting loop ANNULLED magnetic FIELD of earth at that point.

Hence B=0.5×10^-5 Wb/sq.m

Putting all these values,

0.5×10^-5=I×[4π×10^-7 ×1/(2×0.05)]

I=0.5×10^-5 ×0.1/(4π×10^-7)

I=5/4π

I=0.397A

Approx I=0.4A.

Hey FRND....
here's your answer CHECK in the pic...

HOPE THIS HELP YOU ☺☺❤❤❤❤

Mohr–Coulomb theory is a mathematical model (see yield surface) describing the response of BRITTLE materials such asconcrete, or rubble piles, to shear stress as WELL as normal stress. Most of the classical engineering materials somehow follow this RULE in at least a portion of their shear failure envelope. GENERALLY the theory applies to materials for which the compressive STRENGTH far exceeds the tensile strength.[1]

Clay minerals are hydrous aluminiumphyllosilicates, sometimes with VARIABLE amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces.

Clay minerals FORM in the presence of water[1]and have been important to life, and MANY theories of abiogenesis involve them. They are important constituents of soils, and have been useful to humans since ANCIENT times in agriculture and manufacturing.

The frequency LESS than 20 HERTZ are CALLED infrasonic SOUND those above 20000 hertz are called ultrasonic sound

Here in the image there is whole ANSWER of your question and then ALSO even if you feel any doubt the please write in the COMMENT I will check it out and will HELP you with that

Answer is B

Hlo buddy :)
__________

According to wat I GUESS ,

It maybe bcoz INDIA is a DEVELOPING country and is yet to develop a lot , So its using the 50HZ .

__________
SORRY if not sarisfies .

Hey frnd....
Dams are the building BLOCKS between a RIVER which restricts the natural flow of river.
Reservoir are created by dams. they are for supress FLOOD and provide water for irrigation n other activities.

types of dams...
1) Concrete Dams-----GRAVITY Dams, Buttress Dams, Multiple Arch Dams, Thick Arch Dams, THIN Arch Dams.

2) Embankment Dams------Rockfill Dams, Hydraulic Fill Dams, Earthen Embankments, Composite Dams


HOPE THIS HELP YOU ☺☺❤❤❤

OH sorry I FORGOT the answer  I will TEXT you when I remember.

The JOINTS which APPEAR in a 3 dimensional network is called MURAL joints

River:- A large, natural FLOW of water that goes across land and into the sea is called river.
River system:- A river system  is a number of RIVERS which consists of one main river, which drains into a lake or into the ocean, with all its tributaries. The water always comes from high to low, emptying into the river, which is called  the mouth of the river.
Geological Action of Rivers. Rivers are powerful and dynamic geological AGENTS. The water flowing through a stream performs three kinds of geologic works as erosion, TRANSPORTATION and deposition. The flowing water has the force, velocity and power to GENERATE electricity.

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a dam is a WALL constructed accross a RIVER to hold WATER and still ALLOW excess water to flow over....

reasons

1.to facilitate irrigation after raising it fo EASY pumbing

2.for easy domestic use

3.for geothermal production

A tunnel is a long, narrow, essentially linear excavated underground opening, the length of which greatly EXCEEDS its width or HEIGHT. (Walhstrom, 1973). In CONTRAST, a cavern is an underground opening whoselength and width are roughly similar. These two types of EXCAVATIONS are end-members, and every underground excavation undertaken by mankind can be looked UPON as a combination of the two. A shaft can simply be thought of as a tunnel which is vertical rather than horizontal.

Geological Action of RIVERS. Rivers are powerful and dynamicgeological agents. The water flowing through a STREAM PERFORMS three KINDS of GEOLOGIC works as erosion, transportation and deposition. The flowing water has the force, velocity and power to generate electricity.

Stream into the CHANNEL of another, TYPICALLY resulting from RAPID headward EROSION by the latter stream.

A GRAVITY dam is a dam constructed from CONCRETE or STONE masonry and designed to hold back water by primarily using the WEIGHT of the material ALONE to resist the horizontal pressure of water pushing against it. Gravity dams are designed so that each section of the dam is stable, independent of any other dam section.

Hope this HELPS u ...✓✓✓
..... be BRAINLEST#MARK this answer brainlest#this is error FREE answer....