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The coin is MUCH HEAVIER than the PAPER so GRAVITY is more... The heavier the object is the more gravity PULLS the object

So the equivalent WEIGHT of NAOH is 40. To make 1 N SOLUTION, dissolve 40.00 g of sodium hydroxide in water to make volume 1 liter. For a 0.1 Nsolution (used for wine analysis) 4.00 g of NaOH per liter is NEEDED

The mesomeric EFFECT (or resonance effect) is the movement of π electrons toward or away from a functional group. Now +M effect increases electron density on ring and -M effect decreases electron density in the ring or in other words it deactivates the ring. P - nitrophenol contains -NO2 group that shows -M effect and also -I effect and as Lewis acid is one that accepts electron, any electron deficienct ring will be more ACIDIC than electron rich ring. P-methylphenol contains -CH3 group that shows +M effect VIA HYPERCONJUGATION and thus increases stability of ring and shows electron DELOCALISATION, also +I effect, thus increases electron density on ring and thus makes it more basic since bases tends to lose electron.

It's HAPPEN DUE to TEMPERATURE the BODY temperature is more than that of the ATMOSPHERIC temperature

. USE energy-efficient LIGHT bulbs. Opt for COMPACT fluorescent (CFL) or light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs

. Reduce lighting use

. Unplug small appliances and electronics

. Turn down the heat and air conditioner

. Ditch the CLOTHES dryer

. Use cooler WATER

. Power up with renewables

In organic REACTIONS, sodium in liquid ammonia is used as Reducing agent.

Sodium is a STRONG electropositive element.
In liquid ammonia , it was valence electron that is solvated by ammonia MOLECULES and used for REDUCTION .

To prevent pollution save enviroment and natural resources like PETROL dieasel and also because these things are imported from foreign countries and we have to PAY a huge sum of MONEY for it

The ANS is C6H5CH2CL

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Here is the balanced chemical equation :-

Mn + HNO3 ------> Mn (NO3)2 + H2



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It is a MIXTURE caz it's the mixture of SEVERAL gases MANY PARTICLES R present in air

Three reasons of conservation of BIODIVERSITY:-

1. It is feeding us, MANY crops like wheat, rice, vegetables, FRUITS and also some animals are the only source of our nutrition.

2. Some microorganisms and plants has medicinal value like penicillin (from thePencillium fungi) for antibiotics, digitoxin(from common foxglove) for cardiac treatment, taxol (from the Pacific yew) for ovarian cancer, and quinine (from YELLOW cinchona) for malaria.

3. Landscapes, different types of plants and animals provide beauty and freshness to our earth.

It will TAKES NEAR the 100 YEARS

Physical change takes place PHYSICALLY and CHEMICAL change takes place when we add chemical to any solution.eg: milk into curd and RUSTING of IRON

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Calcium is an essential mineral nutrient for all living organisms including BACTERIA, animals, and plants. Combined with pectin, the "glue" that HOLDS plant cells together, calciumforms a pectate salt that HELPS keep the cell WALLS sturdy and rigid.



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Calcium acetate is the CHEMICAL compound of the IONS calcium (CA 2+) and acetate (CH3COO 1-).

The COMPOUNDS which have LARGEST no if MOLES

Wave theory of light cannot explain this PHENOMENON. Light is MADE up of very smallest particles called Photons. DUAL nature REFERS to both PARTICLE nature and wave nature of light. According to this, light can be considered as a wave or a collection of particles (photons).

The very best UNDERSTANDING of this that the Nitrogen molecule does not have FREE or no vacant d orbital and phosphorus has vacant d orbital due to which it can ACCOMMODATE ELECTRONS at d orbital making sp3d2

If ACID will REACT with BASE than it will produce salt and WATER

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its a EXAMPLE of DISPLACEMENT rexn BCZ high REACTIVE metal replaced the less reactive metal

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SINCE, No. of NODES= ( N - L - 1 )

=) For 4s orbital, n = 4, l = 0

So, it will be ( 4-0-1)
=) 3 nodes



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And is VISCOSITY and INTERNAL ENERGY

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Drying of a wet CLOTHES is a PHYSICAL change...

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Polar COVALENT compounds are good conductor of electricity because the SHARED PAIR of electron is not EQUALLY distributed
therefore,both the atoms has got some slight charge. those charge is DUE to free electron.
The element which has free electron conducts electricity

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Air is in gaseous STATE at ROOM TEMPERATURE WHEREAS VAPOURS are in liquid state at room temperature.

Because they are not DIVIDED into the solution in their IONS easily and in their solution to LESS ions are present so they are the BAD conductor of ELECTRICITY

The center MIDDLE atom is 0 then..U can MAKE the diagram 0 have 2 lone PAIR and 2 electron of 0 is connect with H

In the lanthanide series, we have 14 elements that result from the addition of electrons into the f orbitals. For the lanthanide series, the electron configurations are 4f (1-14). In the lanthanide series, the majority of the compounds are formed by trivalent M3+ ions. From a spectroscopic point of view, all the rare earth ions have a large spin–orbit coupling constants, resulting in electronic STATES being defined by the angular MOMENTUM values J. The lanthanides form compounds that are primarily ionic in character, with coordination numbers of 8 or 9. Recently, complexes with coordination numbers of 11 and 12 have been synthesized. The compounds of lanthanides are substitution labile in aqueous solutions [91].

The influence of the ligand field on the electronic states of lanthanides is small and generally of the ORDER of ∼ 200 cm−1. Because the ligand field perturbation of J states are minimal, the f–f electronic transitions are sharp. In addition to f–f transitions, both 4f → 5d and charge TRANSFER transitions are also observed in the spectra of lanthanides [92]. Lanthanide ions exhibit emission in the solid state, and in some cases in aqueous solutions. Energy transfer from the ligand or intermolecularly from an excited state can give rise to the emission from lanthanide ions.

The photochemistry of lanthanide ions is limited to photoredox reactions. Photo substitution has not been studied because of the lability of metal ions, and since ligand substitution reactions are rapid even under thermal conditions.

The fluorine atom is SMALLERAND has a higher effective nuclear charge than CHLORINE which result in very high inter-electronic repulsion among electrons of fluorine. ... Due to this electron GAIN enthalpy of fluorine is less NEGATIVE than that of chlorine

Calculate VOLUME of H2 gas kept at S.T.P if it contains as many H atoms as in 98 gm of H3PO4

Explanation:

MOLAR mass of the PHOSPHORIC acid = 98 G/mole.  

Mass of the Phosphoric acid = 98 g.  

Therefore the   number of molecules of the Phosphoric acid = 6.022 × 10²³ molecules.

Hence,  

1 molecule of the Phosphoric acid have 3 atoms of Hydrogen.  

∴ 6.022 × 10²³ molecules of Phosphoric acid have 6.022 × 10²³ × 3 atoms of Hydrogen = 1.81 × 10²⁴ atoms.  

Hydrogen gas at S.T.P. also have the same number of atoms,  1.81 × 10²⁴ atoms.  

Therefore  Mass of the Hydrogen containing 1.81 × 10²⁴ atoms.

= Molar Mass × 1.81 × 10²⁴/Avogadro's number.  

= 2 × 1.81 × 10²⁴/6.022 × 10²³

= 2 × 3

= 6 g.  

 1 mole of any gas at S.T.P. occupies the volume of the 22.4 liter.

Therefore  2 g of the Hydrogen at S.T.P. occupies the volume of the 22.4 liter.

Therefore  6 g of the Hydrogen at S.T.P. occupies the volume of the 22.4 × 6/2 liter.  

= 22.4 × 3 = 67.2 liter.  

Hence, the volume of the Hydrogen at S.T.P. is 67.2 liter.

No such METHOD. You will NEED some data like WEIGHT, quality of the SUGARCANE to calculate the volume.

Chemical Properties of Acids



Now we explore the chemical properties of acids and bases. Let us get started with acids,

Acids change the colour of litmus from blue to red.They convert the colour of Methyl Orange from Orange/Yellow to Pink.Acids turn the pink colour of Phenolphthalein to colourless.Acids can CONDUCT electricity.Some Acids are highly corrosive in nature which means that they corrode or rust metals.Acids tend to evolve hydrogen gas whilst reacting with an active metal such as Zn, Mg, etc.They produce H+ ions when mixed with water.Acids lose their acidity when mixed with a base.When EQUAL amounts of acid and base are combined the process of neutralization occurs and salt and water is formed,The pH value of acid is from 0-6.Acids are sour in taste.Acids REACT with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, water and carbon dioxide gas.Extremely active metals such as Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), etc tend to explode when combined with acids.Weak Acids like Carbonic Acid doesn’t act with any metal at all.Nitric Acids doesn’t usually exhibit acidic properties, it exhibits oxidizing properties instead.Metals that generally react with dilute acid to form salt and hydrogen are the metals which LIE above hydrogen in the metal activity series.Acids form a salt, water and sulphur dioxide while reacting with sulphites and bisulphites.Acids and metal sulphides form salt and hydrogen sulphide.They are classified on the basis of their SOURCES, strength, concentration, the presence of oxygen and its basicity.The different types of acids are organic acids, mineral acids, strong acids, weak acids, concentrated acids, dilute acids, Oxy-acids, Hydracids, monobasic acids, dibasic acids, and tribasic acids.

Chemical Properties of Bases

In the chemical properties of acids and bases, we now focus on bases.

Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue.They are bitter in taste.Bases lose their basicity when mixed with acids.Bases react with acids to form salt and water. This process is called neutralisation reaction.They can conduct electricity.Bases feel slippery or soapy.Some bases are great conductors of electricity.Bases like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc are used as electrolytes.Alkalis are bases that produce hydroxyl ions (OH-) when mixed with water.Strong alkalis are highly corrosive in nature whereas other alkalis are mildly corrosive.The pH value of bases ranges from 8-14.Alkalis and ammonium salts produce ammonia.Hydrogen gas is evolved when metals react with a base.Bases are classified on the basis of strength, concentration and acidity.The different kinds of acids are strong base acid, weak base acid, concentrated base, dilute base, monoacidic base, diacidic base and triacidic base.

To understand geometrical isomerism in a complex [Ma2b2c2] type, let us take the example of a complex
 [Cr((NH3)2(H2O)2(Br)2]+. This ion can theroretically exist in five geometrical isomers that are shown below.

the first ISOMER is the cis isomer since in this form two identical ligands LIE occupying the adjacent POSITIONS and in the second form it is trans because two identical ligands are placed at opposite positions. The isomers c ,d and E are obtained when the ligands of one type are trans to each other and the remaining ligands are cis to each other.

The cis isomer shown in d is optically active so it exists as d and l isomer .
This ,means that a complex of this type has 7 isomers out of which 5 are geometrical and 2 are optical isomers.
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152 PM is your ANSWER

(i) The experimental value of radii and energies in hydrogen atom are in good agreement with that CALCULATED on the basis of Bohr’s THEORY.

(ii) Bohr’s concept of STATIONARY state of electron EXPLAINS the emission and absorption spectra of hydrogen like atoms.

(iii) The experimental VALUES of the spectral lines of the hydrogen spectrum are in close agreement with that calculated by Bohr’s theory.