Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

ANSWER:

The specific action of an enzyme with a SINGLE substrate can be explained using a Lock and Key analogy first postulated in 1894 by Emil Fischer. In this analogy, the lock is the enzyme and the key is the substrate. Only the correctly SIZED key (substrate) fits into the key HOLE (active site) of the lock (enzyme)

Explanation:

Answer:

STOMATA are small PORES structure on the surface of leaf.

It's FŪÑÇŤĮÖŃ:~~

• It help in EXCHANGE of gases
• It help in the PROCESS of TRANSPIRATION.

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Answer:

GETTING Along. ECOSYSTEMS have lots of different LIVING organisms that interact with each other. The living organisms in an ecosystem can be divided into three categories: producers, CONSUMERS and decomposers. They are all important PARTS of an ecosystem.

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Answer:

Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of methods that animals use to move from one place to another.[1] Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, FLYING, hopping, soaring and gliding. There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders), rolling (some beetles and spiders) or riding other animals (phoresis).

Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators. For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selectionhas shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms. For example, MIGRATORY animals that travel vast distances (such as the Arctic tern) TYPICALLY have a locomotion mechanism that costs very little energy per unit distance, whereas non-migratory animals that must frequently move quickly to escape predators are likely to have energetically COSTLY, but very fast, locomotion.

The anatomical structures that animals use for movement, including cilia, legs, wings, arms, fins, or tails are sometimes referred to as locomotory organs[2] or locomotory structures.[3]

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ANSWER:

GASES are EXCHANGE from our WHOLE BODY.

Answer:

Explanation:

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon.[1] It is a form of photoelectric cell, DEFINED as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light. Solar cells are the building blocks of photovoltaic modules, otherwise known as solar panels.

The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell requires 3 basic attributes:

The absorption of light, GENERATING either electron-hole pairs or excitons.

The separation of charge carriers of opposite types.

The separate extraction of those carriers to an external circuit.

Construction-

It essentially consists of a silicon PN junction diode with a glass window on TOP surface layer of P material is made EXTREMELY thin so, that incident light photon’s may easily reach the PN junction.

Working of solar cell

1) Solar cell works under the principle of photovoltaic effect-when light is incident on ‘P-N’ junction a potential gets developed across the junction, this potential is capable of driving a current through the circuit.

2) Hence light energy is getting converted to electrical energy.

3) Here electrons absorbs photons having energy greater than the band gap energy hence they can make transition from the valence band to the conduction band & hence contributes current.

4) The wavelength of light is given by the relation, Eg=h=hc/λ=1.24

A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a SINGLE TROPHIC mode on the continuum from complete autotrophy at one END to heterotrophy at the other. It is estimated that MIXOTROPHS comprise more than HALF of all microscopic plankton.

ANSWER:red BLOOD cells

Explanation:the hemoglobin PIGMENT present in them MAKE them look red

Answer:

Explanation:

A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode on the CONTINUUM from complete autotrophy at one end to heterotrophy at the other. It is estimated that mixotrophs comprise more than half of all microscopic plankton.[1] There are two types of eukaryotic mixotrophs; those who have their own CHLOROPLASTS, and those with endosymbionts and others who require them through kleptoplasty or by enslaving the entire phototrophic cell.[2]

Possible combinations are photo- and chemotrophy, litho- and organotrophy, auto- and heterotrophy or other combinations of these. Mixotrophs can be either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.[3] They can take advantage of different environmental conditions.[4]

If a trophic mode is obligate, then it is always NECESSARY for sustaining growth and maintenance; if facultative, it can be used as a supplemental source.[3] Some organisms have incomplete Calvin cycles, so they are incapable of fixing carbon dioxide and must use organic carbon sources.

Types of mixotrophy

Organisms may employ mixotrophy obligately or facultatively.

Obligate mixotrophy: in order to support growth and maintenance, an organism must utilize both heterotrophic and autotrophic means.

Obligate autotrophy with facultative heterotrophy: Autotrophy alone is sufficient for growth and maintenance, but heterotrophy may be used as a supplementary strategy when autotrophic energy is not enough, for example, when light intensity is low.

Facultative autotrophy with obligate heterotrophy: Heterotrophy is sufficient for growth and maintenance, but autotrophy may be used to supplement, for example, when prey availability is very low.

Facultative mixotrophy: Maintenance and growth may be obtained by heterotrophic or autotrophic means alone, and mixotrophy is used only when necessary.[5]

In order to characterize the sub-domains within mixotrophy, several very similar categorization schemes have been suggested.

Consider the example of a marine PROTIST with heterotrophic and photosynthetic capabilities: In the breakdown put forward by Jones,[6] there are four mixotrophic groups based on relative roles of phagotrophy and phototrophy.

A: Heterotrophy (phagotrophy) is the norm, and phototrophy is only used when prey concentrations are limiting.

B: Phototrophy is the dominant strategy, and phagotrophy is employed as a supplement when light is limiting.

C: Phototrophy results in substances for both growth and ingestion, phagotrophy is employed when light is limiting.

D: Phototrophy is most common nutrition type, phagotrophy only used during prolonged dark periods, when light is extremely limiting.

An alternative scheme by Stoeker[7] also takes into account the role of nutrients and growth factors, and includes mixotrophs that have a photosynthetic symbiont or who retain chloroplasts from their prey. This scheme characterizes mixotrophs by their efficiency.

Type 1: "Ideal mixotrophs" who utilize prey and sunlight equally well

Type 2: Supplement phototrophic activity with food consumption

Type 3: Primarily heterotrophic, use phototrophic activity during times of very low prey abundance.[8]

Examples

Paracoccus pantotrophus is a bacterium that can live chemoorganoheterotrophically, whereby a large variety of organic compounds can be metabolized. Also a facultative chemolithoautotrophic metabolism is possible, as seen in colorless sulfur bacteria (some Thiobacillus), whereby sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, elemental sulfur, or thiosulfate are oxidized to sulfate. The sulfur compounds serve as electron donors and are consumed to produce ATP. The carbon source for these organisms can be carbon dioxide (autotrophy) or organic carbon (heterotrophy).[9][10][11]

Organoheterotrophy can occur under aerobic or under anaerobic conditions; lithoautotrophy takes place aerobically.[12][13]

Plants

Amongst plants, mixotrophy classically applies to carnivorous, hemi-parasitic and myco-heterotrophic species. However, this characterisation as mixotrophic could be extended to a higher number of clades as research demonstrates that organic forms of NITROGEN and phosphorus — such as DNA, proteins, amino-acids or carbohydrates — are also part of the nutrient supplies of a number of plant species.[14]

Answer:

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Explanation:

Name the three ENZYMATIC activities of DNA polymerase-1​

Pol I possesses four enzymatic activities: A 5'→3' (forward) DNA-Dependent DNA polymerase ACTIVITY, requiring a 3' primer site and a template strand. A 3'→5' (REVERSE) exonuclease activity that mediates proofreading. A 5'→3' (forward) exonuclease activity MEDIATING nick TRANSLATION during DNA repair.

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Answer:

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ANSWER:

..........................

Plants absorb all the colours in the spectrum. The plants reflect back the GREEN light because of which they APPEAR green in COLOUR. THEREFORE, photosynthesis will not be AFFECTED if green light is blocked.    

ANSWER:

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Answer:

Dear Student,

I had solved your QUERY...

Procedure:

Activity asks us to put a variegated leaf plant in the dark for three days, and in sunlight for a few hours. Then It asks to treat it with boiling alcohol and iodine solution.

Observation/Process:

Only the green coloured part of the leaf got the blue colour while white colour part of the money plant leaf did not get the blue colour.

Inference:

CHLOROPHYLL containing part of the leaf photosynthesise and make starch.The green part of the leaves photosynthesize and produces starch. We test the produced starch by Iodine. This whole experiment demonstrates that only the green part of the leave prepares starch.

Leaf in the dark consumes all its stored starch which was prepared before the experiment. Now the leaf is put into the sun. Here chlorophyll inside the chloroplast makes new starch. A broken leaf can not TRANSPORT starch to different parts of the body. So this starch now remains localised to the green area only.

Now leaf is put into boiling alcohol. A boiling solution of alcohol breaks the chloroplast, and chlorophyll comes out into the solution. As a result, leaf LOSES its green colour and become COLOURLESS; while the colourless alcohol solution turns green. The colourless leaf is easy to stain with iodine.

When we put the leaf into iodine solution starch inside the green part turns blue.

Conclusion:

Here only the green part of the leaf turned blue. Thus, the test shows that only the green part of the leaf form starch.

Since, the green colour of the leaf is because of the presence of chlorophyll, from this experiment we can also infer that chlorophyll is necessary for the formation of starch.

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ANSWER:

It happens in the BOWMAN's CAPSULE I THINK so

Explanation:

No enzyme that degrades sporopollenin is so far KNOWN. Pollen GRAINS are well-preserved as FOSSILS because of the presence of sporopollenin. Pollen grains has a prominent two-layered wall. The HARD outer layer called the exine is MADE up of sporopollenin which is one of the most resistant organic material known.

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Answer:

This ORGANELLE has TWO major functions: it stores the cell's HEREDITARY material, or DNA, and it coordinates the cell's ACTIVITIES, which INCLUDE growth, intermediary metabolism,protein synthesis, and reproduction (cell division). Only the cells of advanced organisms, known as eukaryotes, have a nucleus.

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Explanation:

you have 15.6 you will both THANK you to be store in the both hands at will be assessed I'll do this match match hand and the next and this fasco the 14769 SHOWROOM cylinder process will COME from the TWO days from the beginning

ANSWER:

Pyruvate is the end PRODUCT of glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl coA that ENTERS the KREBS cycle when there is sufficient oxygen available. When the oxygen is insufficient, pyruvate is broken down anaerobically, creating lactate in animals (including HUMANS) and ethanol in plants.

Answer:

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Answer:

BENEATH liver GALL BLADDER is present and below STOMACH PANCREASE is present

Explanation:

Gas exchange is the PHYSICAL process by which gases move passively by diffusion across a surface. For example, this surface might be the air/water interface of a water body, the surface of a gas bubble in a liquid, a gas-permeable membrane, or a biological membrane that forms the boundary between an organism and its extracellular environment.

Gases are constantly consumed and produced by cellular and metabolic reactions in most living things, so an efficient system for gas exchange between, ultimately, the interior of the cell(s) and the external environment is required. Small, particularly unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and protozoa, have a high surface-area to volume ratio. In these creatures the gas exchange membrane is typically the cell membrane. Some small multicellular organisms, such as flatworms, are also able to perform sufficient gas exchange across the skin or cuticle that surrounds their bodies. However, in most larger organisms, which have a small surface-area to volume ratios, specialised structures with convoluted surfaces such as GILLS, pulmonary alveoli and spongy mesophyll provide the large area needed for effective gas exchange. These convoluted surfaces may sometimes be internalised into the body of the organism. This is the case with the alveoli, which form the inner surface of the mammalian lung, the spongy mesophyll, which is found inside the leaves of some kinds of plant, or the gills of those molluscs that have them, which are found in the mantle cavity.

In aerobic organisms, gas exchange is particularly important for respiration, which involves the UPTAKE of OXYGEN (O

2) and release of carbon dioxide (CO

2). Conversely, in oxygenic photosynthetic organisms such as most land plants, uptake of carbon dioxide and release of both oxygen and water vapour are the main gas-exchange processes occurring during the day. Other gas-exchange processes are important in less familiar organisms: e.g. carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen are exchanged across the cell membrane of methanogenic archaea. In nitrogen fixation by diazotrophic bacteria, and denitrification by heterotrophic bacteria (such as Paracoccus denitrificans and various pseudomonads), nitrogen gas is exchanged with the environment, being taken up by the former and released into it by the latter, while giant tube WORMS rely on bacteria to oxidize hydrogen sulfide extracted from their deep sea environment, using dissolved oxygen in the water as an electron acceptor.

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Answer:

stomach is a ORGAN where the bacteria in food is KILLED by the ACIDIC medium and inactive pepsinohen CONVERTS to active pepsin

ANSWER:

the answer is (d)

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Answer:

18 %

EXPLANATION:

because 18%is DECREASE in SALARY . OK!

ANSWER:

1. GO N SEARCH in GOOGLE . ...

ANSWER:

CELL WALL is MADE up of cellulose.

• It is the outerboundry of the cell.

Answer:

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Explanation:

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Answer:

ah!!

Explanation:

The Urination is control by involuntary SMOOTH muscles and ALSO by external SKELETAL muscle

ANSWER:

PARTIALLY or nearly

Explanation:

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EXPLANATION:

C)20%of the DNA is CYTOSINE

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Enzymes only work in certain conditions. If the BODY is too hot or too acidic, they will not work PROPERLY.

VIRUSES do not have enzymes so they cannot synthesize proteins.

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ANSWER:

DOMINANT are 200 and RECESSIVE are 200 hundres

ANSWER:

In case the SPECIES GET EXTINCT the pollens can be used.. preserved ONES.

For hybridization with other plants.

Answer:

Putting our best foot forward we are constantly on the move in a world that asks us to be buzzing with energy, on our toes 24/7. Trying to get the maximum work done, cramming in as many experiences as possible, juggling work and home like an ace is the lifestyle that most of us follow.

In this hectic lifestyle, acidity is the one thing that catches us off guard. It is one thing that all of us have faced regardless of what we do or where we stay.

Whether you are at work or home, our erratic working hours make us vulnerable to HEARTBURN. There is a reason acidity is called heartburn – the FIRE like feeling, burning and scorching pain reaching up to our throat really does feel like a SMOLDERING fire.

When out to have fun, at late night parties, during travel or while working hard on deadlines, acidity can be a solid morale and mood killer. Age and gender is no bar! It strikes at the most inopportune times due to a diverse range of food.

The varied oily, spicy and heavy food at the irregular hours one takes while traveling is ANOTHER major trigger for acidity and may become a key cause during the LONG hours of road travel1.

The following food tips will help to keep acidity at bay and soothe the acidity if you do have it...

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ANSWER:

Oscilatary is oscalatory

ANSWER:

All are in situ CONSERVATION EFFORTS EXCEPT ZOO

Babies are not made!!!They are FORMED EITHER through SEXUAL or UNISEXUAL reproduction

ANSWER:

PISUM SATIVUM MEANS RICE.

Explanation:

RICE HAS FOLLOWING CHARACTERS

1. RICE REQUIRES MORE WATER IF ABOUT 250 CM ANNUALLY
2. RICE REQUIRES STANDING WATER.
3. RICE REQUIRES FERTILE SOIL.
4. RICE IS GROWN MORE IN THE STATES OF WEST BENGAL AND ANDHRA PRADESH.
5. WEST BENGAL IS CALLED RICE BOWL OF INDIA

Since the animal right ACTIVIST are AGAINTS silk beacuse silk us more reared from silk WORM.

Answer:

In Grafting method, SCION is the shoot part of a PLANT and stock is the root part of the plant. The scion of a healthy plant is grafted with the stock of a plant that possesses a healthy root system. Both the scion and stock are grafted to GET an ADVANTAGE of both the plants. It YIELDS better fruits with both the quality of plants and the hybrid plant also develops resistant factor against diseases. New varieties of flowers and fruits can be obtained.

Explanation:

Answer: hope it HELPED ....

Explanation:if the farmers will over FLOOD their field their crop will get Destroyed and their crop would not yield good HARVEST and then they will not be able to sustain their FAMILY needs

Answer:

Gram-negative Bacteria Gram-positive Bacteria

Gram reaction Can be decolourized to accept counter stain (Safranin or Fuchsine); stain red or pink, they don't retain the Gram stain when WASHED with absolute alcohol and acetone. Retain crystal violet dye and stain dark violet or purple, they remain coloured BLUE or purple with gram stain when washed with absolute alcohol and water.

PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer Thin (single-layered) Thick (multilayered)

Teichoic ACIDS Absent Present in many

Periplasmic space present Absent

Outer membrane Present Absent

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) content High Virtually none

Lipid and lipoprotein content High (due to presence of outer membrane) Low (acid-fast bacteria have lipids linked to peptidoglycan)

Flagellar structure 4 rings in basal body 2 rings in basal body

Toxins produced PRIMARILY Endotoxins Primarily Exotoxins

Answer:

FISH CONTROLS THE BREEDING OF MOSQUITOES AND OTHER FLIES IN PONDS AND WELLS BY EATING THEM TO SUSTAIN ITS NEEDS.

Answer:

Actinomyces (Gram +)

Filamentous

Respiratory Diseases, cavities

Bacillus (Gram +)

Endospore

B. anthracis: anthrax

Other strains, food poisoning

Clostridium (Gram +)

OBLIGATE Anaerobe Endospore

C. tetani: tetanus

C. perfringens: food poison, gas gangrene

C. botulinum: botulism

Corynebacterium (Gram +)

Pleiomorphic

C. Diphtheriae

Enterococcus (Gram +)

-------------------------

VANCOMYCIN Resistant E__________ (VRE)

Gardnerella (Gram +)

Rods

Vaginitis

Lactobacillus (Gram +)

-----------------------

Vaginal Flora

Listeria (Gram +)

Rods

Fetal Pathogens

Newborn meningitis

Mycobacterium (Gram +)

Acid Fast

M leprae

M tuberculosis

Mycoplasma (Gram +)

No cell Wall

Walking pneumonia

Nocardia (Gram +)

Filamentous

Respiratory Diseases

Propionibacterium (Gram +)

Rods

Acne

Staphylococcus (Gram +)

Cocci in clusters

S epidermidis

S aureus

Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus (MRSA)

Vancomycin Resistant Staph aureus (VRSA)

Streptococcus (Gram +)

COCCI IN CHAINS

S pneumonia: Alpha hemolysis

S pyogenes: Beta hemolysis

S mutans: Cavities

Streptomyces (Gram +)

Filamentous

Antibiotics

Acetobacter (gram -)

-------------------

Acetic acid from ethanol

Borrelia (gram -)

Spirochete

Lyme Disease

Arthropod borne

Bortadella (gram -)

Rod Aerobe

B. Pertussis

Burkholderia (gram -)

Rod Aerobe

B cepacia:

Cystic Fibrosis patients!!

Campylobacter (gram -)

CURVED Rod

GI infections

Chlamydia (gram -)

Obligate Intercellular Parasite (<--O.I.P)

STD

Trachoma (blindness)

Pneumonia

Enterobacter (gram -)

Rod

OPPORTUNISTIC UTI (urinary tract infections)

Escherichia (gram -)

{E. COLI}

Rod

Normal GI tract

O157:H7 strain

Fusobacterium (gram -)

Rod Anaerobe

Gingivitis

Helicobacter (gram -)

CURVED ROD

Peptic Ulcer

Hemophilus (gram -)

ROD

H influenzae

URI (upper respiratory infections)

Epiglottitis

Meningitis

Otitis

Klebsiella (gram -)

ROD

Hemorrhagic pneumoniae

Legionella (gram -)

ROD AEROBES

pneumonia

Leptospiria (gram -)

SPIROCHETE

leptospirosis

Neisseria (gram -)

AEROBE DIPLOCOCCUS

N gonorrheae

N meningitidis

Nitrobacter (gram -)

---------------------

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

Proteus (gram -)

ROD

"Opportunistic UTI

Pseudomonas (gram -)

ROD AEROBES

Pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

Nosocomiel infections (aquired at a hospital)

Burn patinets!!!

"Cystic Fibrosis patients!!!

Rickettsia (gram -)

Obligate Intercellular Parasite (<-- O.I.P)

Rocky Mtn spotted fever

"Enter host through vectors (term: arthropod borne)

Salmonella (gram -)

ROD

typhus

Food poisoning

Serratia (gram -)

ROD

"Opportunistic UTI

Respiratory Infections

Shigella (gram -)

ROD

Dysentery

Thiobacter (gram -)

----------------

Sulfur reducing

Treponema (gram -)

SPIROCHETE

T pallidum -syphilis

Vibrio (gram -)

CURVED ROD

Cholera

GI disease

Yersinia (gram -)

ROD

plague

ANSWER:

ulva_an ALGAE(from KINGDOM Protoctists)

Here's your sketch

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Answer:

the amount of production DEPENDS on the filtering ability of the kidney.

the message is SENT via the BRAIN for MICTURITION.

Answer:

Metabolism: The whole range of BIOCHEMICAL processes that OCCUR within a living organism. Metabolism consists of anabolism (the buildup of substances) and catabolism (the breakdown of substances). The term metabolism is COMMONLY used to refer specifically to the breakdown of food and its transformation into energy

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