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Episodic release of BIOACTIVE compounds plays an important role in biological systems. "On-demand" release systems which based on polymeric MATERIALS and activated by external stimuli MAY provide the necessary functionality. Here we describe an ultrasound-responsive hydrogel based on N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAm), which is suitable for triggered release of two large molecules: bovine serum albumin (BSA, 66kDa) and dextran (3-5kDa). It is SHOWN that the release amount of these two large molecules increased with increasing hydrogel temperature, and the application of ultrasound further increased the release. By simply adjusting the contents of NIPAM and MBAm, the difference of BSA release between the presence and absence of ultrasound could be adjusted from 2.7 to 84 folds.


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Machine for same inform her parents and composition START MINI H********** mixture of complementary referred to as solution heterogeneous mixture CONSISTS of the visibility different substance are

Variations are the DIFFERENCES in the CHARACTERS among the INDIVIDUALS of a SPECIES . It helps in the adaptation of organism to the changing environment .

In mathematics, a rational number is any number that can be expressed as the quotientor FRACTION p/q of two integers, a numerator pand a non-zero denominator q.[1] Since q MAY be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number. The set of all rational numbers, often referred to as "the rationals", the field of rationals or the field of rational numbers is usually DENOTED by a boldface Q (or BLACKBOARD bold {\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} }, Unicode ℚ);[2] it was thus denoted in 1895 by Giuseppe Peano after quoziente, Italian for "QUOTIENT".
The decimal expansion of a rational number always either terminates after a finite number of digits or begins to repeat the same finite sequence of digits over and over. Moreover, any repeating or terminating decimal represents a rational number. 



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Evolution can be DEFINED as the gradual unfolding of the ORGANISM from pre-existing organisms through change since the beginning of life. Fossils provide the evidence that the present animal have originated from PREVIOUSLY existing ONES through the process of CONTINUOUS evolution....

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Speciation is the evolutionary process by which POPULATIONS evolve to become distinct species. ... There are FOUR geographic modes of  in nature, BASED on the extent to which speciating populations are isolated from ONE another: allopatric, peripatric, parapatric, and sympatric.

The four steps are: (1) Creation of genetic variation by various means (2) Selection (3) Evaluation and Release as a variety and (4) Seed multiplication and distribution among farmers.

1. Domestication:

Domestication is the process of growing plants and keeping animals under human care and management. This is the very first step aimed at increasing food production.

2. Germplasm Collection:

a. Germplasm is the sum of all the genes present in a crop, and it includes



(i) All the wild species related to the crop species,

(ii) Cultivated improved varieties,

(iii) Improved varieties that are no more cultivated, and

(iv) Old local or ‘desi’ varieties.

b. Collection of germplasm from different sources is an ESSENTIAL first step in any breeding work.

c. Germplasm is usually stored at a low temperature in the form of seeds.

d. Germplasm collection is done from within the country or from Other countries.

3. Plant Introduction:

a. It is the process of introducing plants or germplasms either from a foreign country or introducing plants or germplasm from one region to other regions of the same country.

b. Plant introduction is followed by acclimatisation, i.e., the adaptation of an individual plant or a population of plants, under the changed climate.

c. Introduction of plants from a foreign country is called intercontinental plant introduction.

For example:

(i) Groundnut has been introduced in India from Brazil,

(ii) Rubber has been introduced from SOUTH and Central America to India,

(iii) Mexican wheat varieties have been introduced from Mexico to India.

d. Examples of introduced ornamental plants are innumerable, such as Jacaranda, BOUGAINVILLEA, Salvia, Cosmos, Dianthus, Antirrhinum etc.

e. Introduction of plants from one state of a country to another state of the same country is called interstate plant introduction. For example, N.P. wheat varieties were introduced from Delhi to different states of India.

f. Purposes of Plant Introduction

(i) For use in agriculture, forestry and industry.

(ii) For genetical improvement of economical crops.

(iii) For studying the origin, distribution, classification and evolution of the plants.

g. Plant Introduction in India:

Following agencies carry out plant introduction in India:

(i) Plant Introduction Division of IARI, New. Delhi,

(ii) Forest Research Institute, Dehradun.

(iii) Botanical Survey of India.

(iv) Some universities, gardens and agricultural departments also play an important role in introducing plants.

Disadvantages of Plant Introduction:

Along with economically important plants, introduction of harmful crop diseases, insect pests and weeds also occurs sometimes.

Diseases Introduced:

(i) Late blight of potato (Phytophthora infestans)

(ii) Fire blight of apple and pear (Erwinia amylovora)

Insect Pests Introduced:

(i) Potato tuber moth

(ii) Woolly aphis

Weeds Introduced:

(i) Argemone mexicana, Lantana.

All introductions are subjected to quarantine, i.e., they are EXAMINED for the presence of insects, weeds and disease-causing organisms, and only those introductions that are free from the above are allowed to enter a country.

4. Hybridization:

Hybridization may be defined as “The mating or crossing of two plants or lines of dissimilar genotype.” The chief objective of hybridization is to create genetic variation. When two genotypically different plants are crossed, the genes from both the parents are brought together in F1generation.

Segregation and recombination produce many new gene combinations in F2 and the later generations, i.e., segregating generations. The degree of variation produced in the segregating generations would, therefore, depend on the number of heterozygous genes in the F1. This will, in turn, depend upon the number of genes for which the two parents differ.

If the two parents are closely related, they are likely to differ for a few genes only. But if they are not related, or are only distantly related, they may differ for several, even a few hundred genes. However, it is most unlikely that the two parents will ever differ for all the genes. Therefore, when it is said that the F1 is 100 percent heterozygous, it has reference only to those genes for which two parents differ. The aim of hybridization may be transfer of one or few qualitative characters, improvement of one or more quantitative characters, or use of the F1as a hybrid variety.

Pollen tube is a tubular STRUCTURE produced by the male gametophyte of seed plants when it GERMINATES. It ACTS as a conduit to transport the male gamete cells from the pollen grain—either from the stigma (in flowering plants) to the ovules at the base of the pistil or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms. In maize, this single cell can grow longer than 12 inches (30 cm) to traverse the length of the pistil.
Pollen tubes were first discovered by Giovanni Battista Amici. They are used as a model for understanding plant cell BEHAVIOR. Research is ongoing to comprehend how the pollen tube responds to extracellular guidance signals to achieve fertilization.



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The terminal ventricle  is the widest part of the CENTRAL canal of the SPINAL cord that is located at or NEAR the conus medullaris.

A group of organisms that can NATURALLY interred and PRODUCE FERTILE offspring is KNOWN as species.

From wahid yar WAZIR..

They are RELATED because when you close your nose while you EAT you can not TASTE the THING you eat and when you taste that thing you could smell it.

To make soft and PULPY they USE YEAST which is USED in chee MAKING

Which is on the VERGE of being EXTINCT

Agglutination REACTIONS. Theinteraction between antibody and a particulate antigen results in VISIBLE clumping, called agglutination. ... Forprecipitation, ANTIGENS are soluble molecules, and for agglutination,antigens are large, EASILY sedimented particles.

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Not so SURE about this QUESTION

Answer:

Polyvascular DISEASE, type 2 diabetes, and long-term vascular risk: a secondary analysis of the IMPROVE-IT TRIAL

First I will USE the first pair and COMPLETE the OPERATION then perform the second operation
now
I will WEAR the first pair inside out over the second pair of gloves

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Here's your answer



Rabies is caused by ANIMAL bite.

Cholera, Mumps and POLIOMYELITIS are caused by pathogens (disease causing microorganisms).

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The surplus IRON is STORED in the LIVER, heart, pancreas, and other organs. Damage to the pancreas can lead to diabetes. Hereditary hemochromatosis can also lead to cancerand heart DISEASE.

Hey MATE,

The questions should be related to your PROBLEMS regarding ENT...

The questions are as follows....

1. What we have to do if we get Ear pain
2. We can drink cold water or not if we are suffering from throat pain
3. Nose or throat pain in swallowing
4. Sore throat
5. BLEEDING from the nose....etc.

IN THE END,

ENT IS A DOCTOR WHO SPECIALIZES IN EAR, NOSE AND THROAT TREATMENT AND ISSUES....

The muscle cells move by contraction and relaxation by UTILIZING the energy in the FORM of ATP. ... During relaxation the musclefibres come to their original position. This movement of muscles cells or the musclefibres results in the movement of the BODY parts.

1Wash your hands well. ...


2Cover a cough. ...

3Wash and BANDAGE all cuts. ...


4DO not pick at healing wounds or blemishes, or squeeze pimples.

5Don't SHARE dishes, glasses, or eating utensils.



6Avoid direct contact with napkins, tissues, HANDKERCHIEFS, or similar items used by others.

Safranin STAIN should be USED to stain the ONION peel during experiment. Safranin stain is in pinkish-red color.

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Scientists classify organisms in ORDER to study and include each organism along with its IDENTIFICATION and habitat. It helps in the SPECIFIC identification of any given organismfrom a pool. ... Scientists classify organismsin order to understand their characteristics.

heyyyy mate..........

1. the first PROCESS is diffusion

2. the second process is osmosis.

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Prophase 1 this is the complex and the longest to face it is divided into five substance namely leptotene ,zygotene, pachytene ,diplotene and diakinesis

leptotene:
1)the CHROMOSOMES undergo condensation spirlalization and become visible
2)even to the chromosomes have undergone duplication the chromatics remain invisible
3)the centrioles develop we can to move a path towards the opposite poles
4)bread like STRUCTURES called chromosomes may be seen all along the length of the chromosomes these are highly called reasons of the chromosomes
5)in many animal cells the chromosomes are converging towards the central Somal end to form the bouquet stage the end of the chromosomes are attached to nuclear envelope by a structure called attachment plate

zygotene:

1)the human organs chromosomes undergo Paring this process is called synopsis there are three types of sentences procentrix starting from the centromere proterminal starting from the tips and random starting at many points
2)the pairing occurs in ""zipper ""like fashion the pairing of homologous chromosomes is due to the FORMATION of the ladder like protein Complex called as synoptimal Complex this Aligans the human organs chromosomes accurately placing the corresponding genetic regions of the chromosome pairs opposite to each other like a scaffold
3)the paired homologous chromosomes are called bivalent

pachytene:

1)the pair of chromosomes become thick and short
2) the two chromatics of the chromosomes are called sister chromatids or diet and the chromatics of the two members of the human organs chromosomes are called non sister chromatids tetrads
3)the phenomenon of exchange of genetic material occurs between the non sister chromatids of each homologous pair of chromosomes
4)the tetrad show recombinase nodules at which site CROSSING over occurs this occurs by breakage by endonuclease and reunion by ligase enzymes complexes together known as recombinase
the exchange of genetic material between the two homologos chromosomes is called crossing over it result in the recombination of the gene in the chromosomes
5)the bivalent are composed of the four chromatic sense called as tetrads

diplotene:
1) the synoptomial Complex formed between the homologous chromosomes begin to dissolve
2)the human organs chromosomes repel each other and start separating this is known as the repulsion the homologous chromosomes are attached to certain"" X"" shaped region called as chaismata
the diplotene stage may be prolonged and arrested for 8 to 10 years in the human female from 5th month of fetal stage of 2 12th year during the start of ovulation
in the sides of vertebrates fishes amphibians reptiles and birds the deployed in chromosomes for giant and lampbrush chromosomes with lateral extend loops helping in TRANSCRIPTION
of m-rna
r-rna to syntheses protein of yolk
3) the region's of crossing over where exchange of genetic material occurs between the nonsister. chromatids of the homologous chromosomes apprer to ""x"" shaped structure called chaisamta

diakinesis:

1)the chromosomes become very thick and short and fully condensed
2)the repairing of the bivalent continuous
3) the chaisamta slide towards the tips disappear one after another by moving towards the tips of the chromatid
this process is called terminalization
4) the nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear and release the tetrads freely in the cytoplasm
5) the spindle fibers begin to form

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be brainly

But where are the ALTERNATIVES ??

1)insulin is produced in pancreas. If not produced, then BLOOD sugar LEVEL cannot be CONTROLLED.
2)function of villi is to INCREASE the area of absorbing the nutrients from the food. It is present in small intestine.

1) REPTILIA are cold-blooded animals while AVES are warm-blooded animals.
2)Reptilia have 3 chamberes heart while Aves have 4 CHAMBERED heart.
3)snakes,lizards,turtles are the examples of Reptilia while all birds are the example of Aves
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What Is A Monotypic Species?

When a species is designated as monotypic, it means that none of the organisms within the classification are divided into subspecies. Typically, members of a monotypic species classification live within close proximity to ONE another and share high degrees of biological similarity. Because no real distinction can be made among the population members, it is considered monotypic. Any difference among monotypic species is largely considered irrelevant and believed to occur at random, rather than as the RESULT of genetic factors.


One example of a monotypic species is the Hyacinth macaw which inhabits some areas of South America. This bird is distributed in 3 primary habitats: the Amazon Basin of Brazil, the Pantanal region between Brazil and Bolivia, and the Cerrado region of Brazil. The Hyacinth macaw belongs to the Anodorhynchus genus and hyacinthinus species. As a monotypic species, the Hyacinth Macaw is the only organism within the species classification. It is a large blue bird with yellow skin around its lower beak and eyes.

What Is A Polytypic Species?
When a species is designated as polytypic, it means that all the members of the classification can be further divided into a minimum of two subspecies. Each subspecies designation typically refers to a very specific population of organisms that can only be found in one particular habitat. That habitat is not shared with other subspecies of the same species classification. Because these distinct populations are located at a significant distance from each other, often isolated by large bodies of water or mountains, the subspecies of a polytypic species TEND not to reproduce together. Biologists are clear to point out, however, that subspecies are biologically capable of producing fertile offspring. In fact, many subspecies have been known to procreate when in close proximity to each other.


One example of a polytypic species is the African elephant. This elephant species belongs to the larger genus known as Loxodonta, under the Elephantidae family. The African elephant species is divided into two subspecies: the African forest elephant and the African savanna elephant. The difference between these two subspecies is in their SIZE and habitat. As its name suggests, the African forest elephant lives in forest habitats. It is significantly smaller than the African savanna elephant, growing to a maximum of 8.2 feet in height. The African savanna elephant, in contrast, can reach over 13 feet in height, making it the largest TERRESTRIAL mammal on earth. The two are believed to have split apart sometime between 2 and 7 million years ago.

Plants require carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis and make starch. SINCE the SODA lime WOULD absorb all the carbon dioxide no photosynthesis could occur HENCE no starch is produced.

Meiosis is a type of a cell division where the diploid number of chromosomes is reduced to haploid number this reduction division is responsible for the maintenance of the constancy of chromosomal number in the sexually reproducing organisms it is characterized by a single duplication of chromosomes in the parent cell forwarded to TWO nuclear divisions karyokinesis and two cell division cytokinesis
meiosis 1 is also known as reduction division or heterotopic division during this division the chromosome number is reduced to half prior to meiosis 1 there is interphase where the duplicated chromosomes occur as chromatic after INTERFACE the chromosome number is 2n in a diploid cell but chromatic number is double and DNA CONTENT is 4C each chromosome exist as a pair of chromatids held Together by the centromere
occurrence: meiosis occurs in specific diploid cells at a particular time they occur in gonads of animal microspore and megaspore mother cells of plants the cells undergo meiosis are called myocytes
examples : spermatocytes produces sperms and oocytes produce ova in animals and in the sporangia of plants the meiocyte are microspore mother cell forming MICROSPORES and megaspore mother cells forming Mega Spors

At the top of the blade there should be a tube with 1 or 2 holes drilled in the metal. The SPADE handle is made from wood and will be shaped to FIT into the metal tube of the blade. The handle shaft is placed in the metal tube and screws, rivets or bolts are used to form a secure fixing.

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LEADING and lagging STRAND are phenomena that OCCURS as a result of alternating current .
in a circuit with alternating current the value of voltage and current vary sinusoidally . in this types of circuits the terms lead LAG or in phase are used to describe current with REFERENCE of voltage .

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The COAL is formed due to decomposition of DEAD of some animals and some plants.
After their dead they had decomposed into EARTH and they had PURIFIED the when the they into the different earth layers.

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The fourth OPTION is the correct ONE as the aquatic organisms were already adapted to a cooler condition . But suddenly DUE to pouring of hot water into the lakes from the FACTORIES might result in a drastic change in the temperature and thus the fishes and other aquatic organisms cannot survive .  

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