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Such paired CHROMOSOMES are called homologous chromosomes. ... Duringthis stage bivalent chromosomes nowclearly appears as tetrads. This stage is characterised by the appearance of recombination NODULES, the SITES atwhich crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes.

A general TERM form for malignantdisease of the LYMPHATIC tissuecharacterized by ABNORMAL, UNCONTROLLED cell GROWTH.

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vitamin D

Disorders of the glycolytic pathway. Mutations of most of the enzymes in the glycolytic pathway have been DESCRIBED in association with congenital non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia (CNSHA). HOWEVER, DEFICIENCY of pyruvate KINASE (PK) is far and away the most COMMON defect.

Every LIVING organism needs energy for performing various metabolic activities. NUTRITION in plants is obtained by the PROCESS of photosynthesis. Nutrition in animals is obtained by eating plants or other animals. So, animal nutrition requires the intake of food and its utilization. The intake of food depends on the types of animals.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS ON THE BASIS OF THEIR EATING HABITS:
Animals can be classified on the basis of their eating habits as FOLLOWS:
Herbivorous animals.
Carnivorous animals.
Omnivorous animals.
Parasites
Scavengers
Food components consumed by the animals are COMPLEX substances. They cannot be utilized in the same way. So they need to be broken down into smaller particles. The process of breaking down of food components into smaller particles is known as digestion.

Plastic is a harmful compound made up SEVERAL elements. as it harmful but it is used for several PURPOSES.
as POLYBAGS ,carrybags ,and also for ANOTHER purposes.

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Chlorophyll can make food the PLANT can use from carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and energy from sunlight. This process is called photosynthesis. During the process of photosynthesis, plants release oxygen into the air. People and ANIMALS NEED oxygen to breathe.

The LITERAL MEANING of CELL is a SMALL ROOM

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Kinetochore microtubules extend from the SPINDLE poles toward the CENTER of the cell and attach to the CHROMATIDS at a structure called the kinetochore. The nonkinetochore microtubules also extend from the spindle toward the center of the cell, but they do not attach to the chromatids.

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DNA, is a complex molecule that contains all of the information necessary to build and MAINTAIN an ORGANISM.

All living things have DNA within their cells.

nearly every cell in a multicellular organism possesses the full set of DNA required for that organism.

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No the all LIVING ORGANISM do not SHOW all the CHARACTERISTICS because they are DIFFERENT from each other

The immidiate hypersensitivity involve IMMUNOGLOBULIN E- MEDIATED release of histamine and other mediators from the MAST cell and basophyll.And delayed hypersensitivity mediated by T cell rather than by ANTIBODIES.

The SOFT type of bone which is MADE up pure substances and easily flexible, is called CARTILAGE. It is PRESENT in the ears,NOSE tip,etc.

It contains fat cell so stores fat or energy... it also acts as protective layer for kidney sometimes... it also acts as insulater to reduce HEAT if we TOUCH any HOT OBJECT

Fruits are great way to DISPERSE seeds
seeds are great way to BECOME plants & TREES

A certificate awarded by an educational establishment to show that SOMEONE has SUCCESSFULLY completed a course of study is called diploma.

Bryophyllum is a plant genus of the crassulaceae FAMILY that has sometimes been included within the genus Kalanchoe. There are about forty species in the GROUP native originally of south Africa Madagascar and Asia. The group is notable for vegetative growing plantlets on the fringes of the leaves these eventually drop off and root . These plantlets arise from MITOSIS of meristematic type tissue in notches in the leaves.
Nowadays bryophyllum are naturalised in many parts of the TROPICS and deliberately cultivated for their attractiveness or for their INTERESTING reproduction.

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ये एक एंटीबायोटिक है जो विभिन्न प्रकार के बैक्टीरिया जनित रोगों में किया जाता है। ये बैक्टीरिया के वृद्धि को रोकने में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं।
यह एंटीबायोटिक सिर्फ बैक्टीरिया जनित रोगों में लाभ पहुंचाता है वाइरस जनित रोगों में इसका कोई असर नहीं होता है।

इस दवाई को साधारणतः मुख के द्वारा लिया जाता हैं तथा लगभग 12 घंटे के अंतराल पर लिया जाता है। इस दवाई का प्रयोग सिर्फ विशेषज्ञ डॉक्टर की सलाह से ही लेना चाहिए अन्यथा इसके दुष्प्रभाव देखें जा सकतें हैं।

किसी भी दवाई का सेवन सिर्फ चिकित्सक के परामर्श के अनुसार ही करें।

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Define Anatomy, Physiology & Its IMPORTANCE Human Physiology : Physiology is the study of all the SYSTEMS of human body & their MUTUAL RELATIONSHIPS. ... Anatomy & physiology are inter related. The knowledge of anatomy & physiology is essential, to knowPhysical education and sports from scientific POINT of

The CD4 CELLS, OFTEN CALLED T cells.

Halophytic - plants LIVING in salt WATER like
oceans and seas
Hydrophyte - in water any TYPE

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Jaundice -


This is not DISEASE in itself, but is a sign of abnormal bilirubin metabolism and excretion.


● Jaundice develops when there is an abnormality at some stage in the metabolic sequence.



● CAUSED by excess haemotolysis of red BLOOD cells with the production of more bilirubin than the liver can deal with the, obstruction to the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum and abnormal liver function.



● Bilirubin produced from the breakdown of haemoglobin is usually conjugated. The bilirubin is water soluble and can be excreted.




● unConjugated bilirubin is fat soluble and has a toxic EFFECT on the brain cells. Serum bilirubin may rise to 40 to 50 Micromol per LITRE the yellow colouration of skin and conjunctiva is seen.




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Conjugated verbs are verbs which have been changed to COMMUNICATE one or more of the following: person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, or VOICE. Those will be explained in detail in just a MOMENT: but FIRST, here's an example of the verb “break” conjugated in several DIFFERENT ways.

It is Cental part of the heart which makes a ELECTRICAL CHARGE which HELP heart to get pump the blood

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Membrane is the BOUNDARY of the CELL WHEREAS PLASMA membrane can be the boundary of a cell or an organelle. But cell membrane and plasma membrane

Ascomycota is a division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, TOGETHER with theBasidiomycota, FORM the subkingdomDikarya. Its members are commonly known as the sac fungi or ascomycetes. They are the largest phylum of Fungi, with over 64,000species.[2] The defining feature of this fungal group is the "ascus" (from Greek: ἀσκός(askos), meaning "sac" or "WINESKIN"), a microscopic sexual structure in which nonmotile spores, called ascospores, are formed. However, some species of the Ascomycota are asexual, meaning that they do not have a sexual cycle and thus do not form asci or ascospores. Previously placed in the Deuteromycota ALONG with asexual species from other fungal taxa, asexual (oranamorphic) ascomycetes are now identified and CLASSIFIED based on morphological orphysiological similarities to ascus-bearingtaxa, and by phylogenetic analyses of DNAsequences.[3][4]



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Human EYE is an organism of human body it is used for LOOKING THINGS around we see colourfull world because of the COLOUR of the NATURE

Autotrophs are self depending while saprotrophs depends UPON ANOTHER body for food and nourishment.
example- autotrophs -plants
saprotrophs -fungi

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Maintining the osmotic pressure in fluids of an organism by the CONTROL of SALT and WATER CONCENTRATION.

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Sexual reproduction in Basidiomycotatakes PLACE in the fruiting body, in specialized structures CALLED basidia. The basidia is itself FORMED by plasmogamy between mycelia from two different spores. Plasmogamy results in binucleate hyphae, that is, hyphae with two types of NUCLEI, one from each parent.




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✔✔ SOMATIC cells are any cell in the body that are not GAMETES (sperm or EGG), germ cells (cells that go on to become gametes), or STEM cells. ...

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Male reproductive organ penis penetrate the VAGINA of women In which men releases semen and fertilizes the EGGS or ovum

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Cells which DISINFECT our immune SYSTEM is CALLED germ cells ...............................!!!!

Types of reproduction :- There are TWO main types of reproduction in living organisms. They are ASEXUAL reproduction and sexual reproduction. ... Asexual reproduction is of different types. They are:- FISSION, budding, regeneration, fragmentation, spore formation, vegetative PROPAGATION etc.

A LYSOSOME is a MEMBRANE-bound organelle found in nearly all animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic ENZYMES that can break down many kinds of biomolecules. Put simply, a lysosome is a TYPE of vesicle with specific COMPOSITION, of both its membrane proteins, and proteins of its lumen.

It is a FOOT SOLDIER of IMMUNE SYSTEM.

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YES caridic MUSCLE are CYLINDRICAL and BRANCHED

In acute liver failure following hepatitis, toxic insults, or after major liver surgery, there is an increased bacterial translocation from the gut. This may explain some of the infectious complications seen in these conditions. To elucidate mechanisms and find possible PREVENTIVE measures, we investigated the effect of rectal administration of arginine and probiotic BACTERIA (LACTOBACILLUS SPP.) on bacterial translocation and the extent of liver failure. Sprague‐Dawley rats were used and five different Lactobacillus STRAINS (Lb.) reuteri …