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B) increase groundwater level

Percolation tanks are normally earthen dams with masonry structures where water may overflow.

Percolation tanks are normally earthen dams with masonry structures where water may overflow.

Correct option is B) Increase ground water level and C) Preserve rain water

B) Sustainable development meets the current basic human needs and also preserves resources for future generations.

D) A, B, C and safe disposal of wastes

(B) Petroleum

(C) Both A and B

(C) 0.7 – 0.8 %

C) Centre for World Solidarity

Watershed management is a term used to describe the process of implementing land use practices and water management practices to protect and improve the quality of the water and other natural resources within a watershed by managing the use of those land and water resources in a comprehensive manner.

Its Advantages:

(i) The main aim is to develop primary resources of land and water.

(ii) To produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will hot cause ecological imbalance.

(iii) Watershed management not only increases the production and income of the watershed community, but also mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs.

A) Land between water sources usually of two rivers or streams.

C) United Nations Development Programme

Two types of water is found on earth-saline and fresh. Man uses freshwater for different purposes. Its sources are :

1. Rainfall: Rainfall is the major source of water on the earth. Some water is evaporated, some water flows down to the oceans and some water goes underground through percolation. India has average annual rainfall of 118 cm.
Rain water or running water flowing on the surface of land is called surface water. It includes water in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, etc. India’s total surface water resources are 1869 billion cubic metres.

2. Ground Water: Rain water that goes beneath the surface of the earth by percolation is called ground water. India has a total ground water resources of 40 million hectare metres. This water can be obtained by digging wells. Sometimes it comes out through springs also.

3. Rivers and Canals: From early periods, rivers and canals have been very important. Many civilisations developed along river banks. Man built dams on rivers to use water for irrigation through canals.

4. Tanks: Tanks are found in areas deficit in rainfall. The water level is very deep so it is difficult to use it. Rain water is collected in depressions called tanks. Tanks are mostly found in southern India.

C) a is false, b is true

D) saline water

Answer is (A) ICRISAT

1. People often waste natural resources.

2. Animals are over hunted, forests are cleared, exposing land to wind and water damage. 

3. Fertile soil is exhausted and lost to erosion because of poor farming practices. 

4. Fuel supplies are depleted. 

5. Water and air are polluted. 

6. Water resources is indiscriminately used for crop growth.

Renewable resources: Resources that can be replaced after they are used are called renewable resources. 

Ex: Air, water and soil. 

Non-renewable resources: Some other resources, cannot be replaced at all: Once they are used up they are gone forever and are called non renewable resources. 

Ex: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas (fossil fuels).

Parent rocks, climate, plants and animals.

Plains support agriculture and dense population. These meet human needs. Plains are suitable for the development of vegetation and crops.

(a) Alluvial soil

Laterite is another name of padkhau soil.

Correct answer is Alluvial 

Black soil is found in Maharashtra.

Red soil is found in Udaipur.

Sri Rama Sagar Project also known as the Pochampadu project on the Godavari river.

International Crop Research Institute for SemiArid Tropics.

1. Minerals that contain a high proportion of metal are called ores.

2. Majority of the metals occur in the form of compounds called ores.

3. But all minerals are not ores.

4. Few metals like gold, silver, copper, platinum and bismuth occur in free state in nature. So all minerals are not ores.

i. cow dung

ii. Uranium

iii. Fermentation

iv. Afforestation

v. non-renewable

Land is made up of stones, soil, sand and big rocks.

We see different layers of land.

No, man does not produce soil/land, it is produced naturally.

No, land is not flat everywhere. It is flat in some regions and hilly in some regions.

We see mountains, rivers, valleys, ocean, also terrestrial animals and plants. We also see roads, bridges, buildings etc.

Man has dug wells, borewells to lift ground water.

He has also constructed bunds and dams. 

He has also built many industries, buildings, roads for transport.

1. Presently ONGC producing gas at the rate of 3.05 MMM³/ day to 4.0 MMM³/ day. 

2. ONGC, GSPC, Reliance Industries are companies exploring oil and natural gas in this region. 

3. GAIL is marketing and distributing the natural gas through gas collection station. 

4. ONGC is associated with GAIL, in planning the additional facilities and technical inputs needed for the future enhanced gas supplies. 

5. ONGC has established mini oil refinery at Tatipaka. 

6. Total allocation of natural gas from K.G. area is 8.5 MMM³/ day. 

7. ONGC has already projected a production potential of 6.5 MMM³/ day of availability of which entire quantity has been allocated to the industrial consume of the area.

8. 16 Industries are actively using Natural gas investing Rs. 5500 crores are working well for power generation, steel re-rolling, producing fertilizers, etc. and some power projections are almost invested Rs. 4000 crores and waiting for a supply of Natural gas.

In ancient times village boundaries were decided upon a water shed (Land between water sources usually of two rivers or streams) basis fixed at the common point of the drainage system In between two villages by the expert farmers In the village.

There are natural and synthetic diamonds. The Earth makes natural diamonds, and people make synthetic diamonds. Diamonds are the hardest natural substance known to man. Diamonds are made of pure carbon, the same chemical element as graphite. Natural graphite occurs in three distinct forms in nature - crystalline, amorphous, and lump graphite.

Some land is culturable, but it is not cultivated due to some reasons. Such as scarcity of water, soil erosion, waterlogging, etc.

1. The three-age system in history archaeology, and physical anthropology is a methodological concept adopted during the 19th century by which artifacts and events of late prehistory and early history could be ordered into a recognizable chronology.

2. Initially developed by C. J. Thomson, director of the Royal Museum of Nordic Antiquities, Copenhagen – as a means to classify the museum’s collection according to whether the artifacts were made of stone, bronze or iron.

3. Depending-upon the use of stone, bronze, iron, that period was known as stone age, bronze age, and iron age, respectively.

1. Soil will get eroded due to rains as roots of trees hold the soil.

2. The land will become barren as trees helps to increase the level of ground water.

3. Amount of carbondioxide in the air will increase as trees use carbondioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen.

4. Natural habitat of many animals will get completely destroyed.

Air contains gases like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, inert gases, water vapour and dust particles. 

The uses of constituents of air are as follows :

1. Many fish and aquatic animals live in sea water. 

2. The water from the sea evaporates to form clouds which brings rain. 

3. The sea water also helps the land to cool due to breezes. 

4. The salt and minerals are also obtained from sea water. 

5. Corals and pearls are obtained from sea animals. 

6. Thus, sea water is useful even though it is not potable.

1. Microbes in the soil decompose dead plants and animals and convert it into humus. This humus supplies nutrients to the soil. 

2. Humus also aerates soil and holds water in it. It makes the soil more fertile. 

3. If microbes are destroyed, humus will not be formed and the soil will not become fertile, making it unsuitable for growth of plants. 

Also dead and decaying matter will accumulate on land.

1. Water plays very important role in the survival of living organism.

2. All living things are dependent on water.

3. A very small quantity of water is potable and can be used for drinking. 

4. All bodily functions are regulated by water. 

5. Therefore, if total supply of potable water is finished, plants and animals will not survive and there will be no life on earth.

1. 71% of earth’s surface is covered with water of, which 97% is salty water present in seas and oceans and 2.7% water is available as ground water, ice and in other forms.

2. Only 0.3% water is available as fresh water which can be used for drinking.

3. All the living organisms require water to drink. The water is used in the industry and also for farming.

4. Due to increasing population and uncontrolled usage, we experience shortage of water.

(a) False – Land consists of stones, soil and big rocks.

(b) False – Water trapped below the ground over the bedrocks is called ground water.

(c) False – It almost takes around thousand years to form a 2.5 cm thick layer of soil.

(d) False – Neon is used in decorative lights.

The land around us keeps changing, This change is caused by water, wind and living beings, Soil is formed by the disintegration of rocks. This process is called weathering of rocks.

Contour tilling means ploughing along the contour lines(outlines) of the land trap water runoff and to prevent soil erosion.