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Correct option is (a) AMPHETAMINES

Explanation: Amphetamines are COMMONLY known as Anti-sleep PILLS. They are used by some people to work continuously for hours or to reduce weight. HOWEVER, mental capacity is REDUCED. These drugs are addictive by nature. They bring about sleeplessness, depression and reduced appetite.

The correct option is (a) True

To EXPLAIN I WOULD say: Amphetamines are SYNTHETIC activators of SYMPATHETIC nerves bringing about increased activity and alertness. These are also KNOWN as synthetic analogues of adrenaline. Common amphetamines include Methedrine, Dexedrine and Benzedrine.

Right OPTION is (d) CAFFEINE

The EXPLANATION: Caffeine is a diuretic drug which increases the amount of water PASSED from urine. There is also an increase in glucose and free fatty ACID contents of blood. It is helpful in managing migraine.

Right answer is (c) Hypersomnia

The best I can explain: Caffeine is harmful when used in excess, it causes indigestion, sleeplessness, disturbed FUNCTIONING of PANCREAS and kidneys and development of ANXIETY SYNDROME. Non-availability causes headache, anxiety and loss of concentration.

Correct option is (c) Milk

The best I can explain: Caffeine is a white crystalline bitter alkaloid. It is PRESENT in Tea, COFFEE, COCOA, Cola and other non-alcoholic beverages. In small QUANTITIES, as contained in these drinks, caffeine brings about a refreshing CHANGE.

The correct ANSWER is (c) Pethidine

To elaborate: Pethidine is a synthetic opioid used as a local ANAESTHETIC which provides sedation and euphoria. Pethidine is used in suppressing pain in many surgical procedures. It is often ABUSED. ADDICTS may SHOW tremors, twitching, confusion and dilated pupils.

Correct ANSWER is (b) False

For explanation I would say: Stimulants are drugs which provide excitement and make a PERSON more active and wakeful. ADDICTION leads to psychological dependence. PHYSICAL or physiological dependence is absent. Withdrawal leads to restlessness, depression and anxiety.

Right choice is (d) Eye Contact

Best explanation: HEROIN is generally taken by SNORTING, INJECTIONS, Smoking and Inhaling. Addicts dilute the DRUG before use. It was at ONE time used as a strong analgesic and cough depressant but because it was highly addictive, it was banned.

Correct choice is (C) Sterility

For explanation: Withdrawal effects are very unpleasant including vomiting, diarrhoea, TWITCHING, abdominal and muscular CRAMPS, excessive perspiration, etc. Dilutants MAY additionally cause several SIDE effects.

Right option is (a) Heroin

Easiest explanation: Heroin is commonly known as SMACK or brown sugar. It is a semisynthetic WHITE crystalline powdery substance, which is CHEMICALLY diacetylmorphine and is obtained by the acetylation of MORPHINE.

The correct answer is (c) Methadone

To explain: Methadone is a synthetic opioid used in RELIEVING CHRONIC pain. It is often used as a De-addiction drug for MORPHINE and heroin ADDICTS. However, repeated USE may cause addiction.

Right choice is (d) Morphine

Explanation: Morphine is a very effective sedative and a PAINKILLER. It is very useful in PATIENTS who have UNDERGONE surgery as it dulls the PAIN, cause sedation and induces sleep. Effect of its overdose can be OVERCOME by intravenous naloxone.

The CORRECT option is (d) INCREASED activity and alertness

Explanation: The adverse effects on casual opioid users include drowsiness, Reduction in visual activity, Constriction of the pupil, Impaired attentivity, Apathy or loss of interest in work, Nausea and vomiting, SLOWNESS of action, Slow pulse, Slurred SPEECH, etc.

The correct answer is (a) Impaired digestion

The best explanation: Continued usage of Opioid drugs bring about Impaired digestion and absorption, LOSS of WEIGHT, sterility, CHANCES of respiratory and cardiovascular arrest, poor IMMUNITY with repeated infections, BLOCKED veins, hepatitis and HIV infection.

Right choice is (a) True

To explain I would say: Opioids include SEMISYNTHETIC drugs and Synthetic opioids. Semisynthetic drugs are PRODUCED from morphine and thebaine and include hydromorphone, oxycodone, HEROIN. Synthetic opioids are methadone, PETHIDINE, meperidine, propoxyphene, diphenoxylate, pentazocine, etc.

Right choice is (a) Central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract

Easy explanation: Opioids are drugs which bind to SPECIFIC OPIOID receptors present in our central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Opioids are widely used to numb pain, RELIEVE spasm, reduce anxiety and cause drowsiness. They are, HOWEVER, addictive.

The CORRECT option is (a) Papaver somniferum

For explanation I would say: Opium is obtained from dried latex of poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. It is taken ORALLY or smoked. Opium contains a NUMBER of alkaloids like morphine, codeine, papaverine, thebaine, etc.

Correct choice is (B) False

Explanation: Opioids have NARCOTIC, analgesic and SEDATIVE effects. It is useful in treating diarrhoea, vomiting and as soothing agent in COUGH syrups.

The correct option is (c) Reserpine

The EXPLANATION is: Reserpine is used as an ANTIANXIETY as WELL as antihypertension DRUG. It is an alkaloid which is obtained from Rauwolfia serpentina. It is known to precipitate suicidal tendency, mental depression and epileptic convulsions.

The correct OPTION is (a) Furazepam

The explanation is: Furazepam is an example of a sedative. Benzodiazepines are anti-anxiety drugs that REDUCE mental TENSION and fatigue without inducing sleep. It INCLUDES Diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, LORAZEPAM, Nitrazepam and Alprazolam.

Correct answer is (b) Tranquilisers

Easiest explanation: Tranquilisers are drugs with calming and SOOTHING effect. They are medically used as antidepressants. They bring about relaxation of MUSCLES, block reflexes, INCREASE frequency of opening of chloride channels and reduce excitability of cells.

The correct answer is (d) Barbiturates

To EXPLAIN: Barbiturates are used in SLEEPING pills because they bind to GABA receptors of the nervous system and KEEP the chloride channels open for a longer period. This depresses activity of excitable CELLS and induces sleep.

The correct ANSWER is (b) Barbituric acid

For explanation I would say: Barbiturates are the DERIVATIVES of Barbituric acid, a chemical formed from urea and malonic acid. They induce hepatic microsomal enzyme ACTIVITY and AFFECT the metabolism of other MEDICATIONS.

The correct choice is (d) Benzodiazepines

The explanation: Benzodiazepines are EXAMPLES of TRANQUILISERS. Sedatives are drugs or formulations which overcome MENTAL irritability and excitement, assuage pain and LOWERS activity causing drowsiness or SLEEP. It includes Barbiturates, Furazepam and Echinamate.

Correct answer is (a) LOSS of Blood

The best I can explain: Symptoms of Drug Addiction DIFFER from drug to drug or amount consumed, route of administration, rapidity of consumption and susceptibility of the individuals. The IMPORTANT general instructions include UNPREDICTED mood changes, Unprovoked violence, Irritation, Loss of interest in studies or work, Poor memory and concentration.

Correct option is (C) Narcotic OPIOIDS

The explanation is: Narcotic Opioids have the strongest PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE. Narcotics are the drugs that depress the central nervous system, produce insensibility, induce drowsiness and sleep, e.g. Opium and its derivatives.

The correct answer is (c) Hallucinogens

The BEST explanation: Hallucinogens are PSYCHEDELIC or psychotogenic DRUGS. They have no CLINICAL use. These are those addictive drugs about hallucinations. They have psychological dependence. On the other side, psychotropic drugs include Sedatives, TRANQUILIZERS, Opioids and Stimulants.

Correct answer is (d) Euphoria

For explanation: BPD is characterised by a specific pattern of behavioural, emotional, COGNITIVE instability and dysregulation. The individuals over-react with a problem of anger and anger expression. There are EPISODES of depression, anxiety and IRRITABILITY. The PATIENTS have a fear of abandonment.

The correct answer is (a) True

Easy explanation: Addictive drugs are ALSO called as psychoactive drugs because they have the ability to ALTER the activity of the NERVOUS system. These drugs are habit-forming. They alter PERCEPTION, behaviour and consciousness.

Correct ANSWER is (a) Personality Disorder

The best I can explain: Borderline Personality Disorder is an emotionally unstable personality disorder where the patient suffers from impulsively unpredictable moods, an outburst of emotions, UNCONTROLLED anger, IMPULSIVE and self-damaging acts and repeated conflicts with OTHERS.

Correct answer is (C) Progressive growth of personality

Best explanation: The common symptoms of Schizophrenia include Progressive deterioration of personality, Laughing and crying at inappropriate OCCASIONS, Distorted thoughts, auditory hallucinations, delusions, SENSE of being INFLUENCED by others, Shallowness of emotional life. As the schizophrenics suffer from delusions and hallucinations, they are unable to perform even simple jobs.

Right OPTION is (b) Psychological Disorders

Easiest explanation: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders are psychological disorders characterised by recurrent obsessions or COMPULSIONS, SEVERE enough to interfere with a person’s working HOURS, personal or social functioning. The COMMON obsessions are constant doubts, violence, contamination by dirt and germs.

Right choice is (b) False

For explanation: Legally DRUG Abuse is the intake of drugs without valid medical prescriptions and for Non-medical purposes. Drug abuse is for obtaining pleasure or EUPHORIA and is done in such AMOUNT or frequency that damages the PHYSICAL and mental functioning of an INDIVIDUAL.

Right option is (c) Positive attitude

Easiest EXPLANATION: The VARIOUS symptoms of mental ILLNESS are depression or mental state with a feeling of sadness, despair and discouragement. Insomnia or excessive SLEEP, apprehensive behaviour, Mood fluctuations from depression to ELATION, Inability to concentrate, Delusions and Hallucinations, Self-destructive behaviour, etc.

Correct answer is (a) MENTAL Disorder

To explain: Hypochondria is a mental disorder in which the patient is preoccupied with body functions and normal sensations finding faults and seeking medical ATTENTION. Hypochondria usually occurs in LATE developer ADOLESCENTS due to ANXIETY syndrome.

Right choice is (a) Spirituality

Easy explanation: COMMON problems of Adolescence include Acne, MOOD fluctuations, Post-Traumatic Stress disorder which is a MENTAL disorder which is as a RESULT of traumatic events like rape, assault, natural disasters, ETC.

Correct CHOICE is (d) Orphan Drug

Explanation: The drugs which are commonly abused by the youth are Opioids, Cannabinoids and COCA ALKALOIDS. Majority of these are OBTAINED from FLOWERING plants. Some are obtained from fungi also.

Correct choice is (b) Dependence on Drugs

For explanation: DRUG addiction is the CONDITION of a physical, PHYSIOLOGICAL or psychological dependence on a certain drug or a combination of drugs due to its repeated use over a period of time. There is a tendency to increase the DOSE and an overpowering DESIRE to obtain the dose by whatever means.

Correct answer is (b) Adolescence

Explanation: Drug addiction is a common practice in Adolescence. As Adolescence is accompanied by several biological and physiological changes, it is the most VULNERABLE PHASE of MENTAL and psychological development of an INDIVIDUAL. Curiosity, need for adventure and experimentation motivates youngsters towards Drug and Alcohol abuse.

Correct answer is (a) 26^th June

Explanation: In December 1987, the UN General Assembly decided to observe June 26 as the International Day Against Drug Abuse and ILLICIT Trafficking. Currently, according to the UN, NEARLY 200 million people are using illicit drugs.

Correct answer is (a) When the immune system responds to cancerous cells

Easiest explanation: Tumour cells have been shown to AVOID detection and destruction in the immune system. THEREFORE, the patients are given SUBSTANCES called as biological response modifiers such as α-interferon when the immune system of the BODY fails to RECOGNISE the cancerous cells, which then activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumour.

The correct ANSWER is (c) Baldness

The explanation is: The common symptoms of cancer include unexplained loss of weight, a lump or HARD area, swelling or SORE that does not heal, persistent cough or hoarseness, change in colour of a wart, a change in digestive/ BOWEL habits, loss of blood through a natural ORIFICE.

Right option is (c) SUBSTANCES used to prevent the action of carcinogens

To EXPLAIN I would say: ANTICARCINOGENS are the substances which prevent the action of carcinogens. Anticarcinogens occur in green-yellow VEGETABLES, fruits and milk. &beta-carotene present in green-yellow vegetables is a promotor-inhibitor which weakens the action of cancer PROMOTERS.

Right ANSWER is (b) False

Best explanation: Techniques of molecular biology can be used to DETECT genes in individuals with inherited SUSCEPTIBILITY for certain cancers. After detection or identification of these genes in any individual, they MAY be advised to avoid exposure to particular carcinogens to which they are susceptible.

Correct answer is (b) RADIOTHERAPY with ionising radiations

For explanation: The COMMON APPROACHES for treatment of CANCER are surgery, radiation therapy (with least ionising radiations), immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Most cancers are treated by the COMBINATION of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Correct choice is (C) Gamma rays

The BEST explanation: In radiotherapy, tumour cells are irradiated lethally by gamma rays which are the most penetrating and least ionising rays. For example, I^131 is used to treat THYROID CANCER. These radiations GENERALLY kill the immature, fast dividing cancerous cells.