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The features of "Perfect Competition Market". 

(i) Innumerable Buyers and Sellers : In this type of market the number of sellers (producers) are in large number, therefore the production of a single producer is a very minute fraction of the total supply of market. Hence, the single firm is unable to effect the supply and price of the market. In the same way the number of consumers are also innumerable, therefore demand of a single consumer is a very minute fraction of total demand of the market. Hence the single consumer is also unable to effect the demand and price of the market. 

(ii) Homogenous Commodity : The commodity produced by different firms is identical in every aspects, such as, shape, size, colour, texture, trademark, brandname, weight, taste, packaging, etc. It means that the commodity produced by different firms is perfect substitute, therefore consumer is unable to distinguish between the commodity produced by different firms. Therefore there is no personal attachment of buyers with a particular firm. 

(iii) Selling Cost is Absent : In this type of market the selling cost (cost on sales promotion, such as advertisements, etc.) is absent because the commodity produced by different firms is identical in every aspects, there is no mark of identification on commodity. Therefore producer is unable to distinguish its commodity from other firms. Therefore expenses made on advertisements is a wasteful expenditure. 

(iv) Free Entrance and Exit : In this type of market the entrance and exit of the firm in the market is free, means there is no restriction in entrance and exit of firms. Any firm can enter in the market by starting the production of commodity or can leave the market by shut down the production process.

It states that the solubility of a gas in liquid in directly proportional to the pressure of the gas.

Or, the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (P) is proportional to the mole fraction of the gas (x) in the solution. It is expressed as

P = K_{H x}

(P = Partial pressure x = mole fraction of the gas)

Where K_H = Henary’s constant.

Application of Henary’s law:– 

(i) To increase the solubility of CO₂ in soda water and soft drinks, the bottle is sealed under high pressure.

(ii) At high altitudes, low blood oxygen causes climbers to become weak and make them unable to think clearly which are symptoms of a condition known as anoxia.

Interstitial Defect – Atom or ions when occupy normally vacant interstitial (voids) positions in a crystal are called interestitial defect.

Brownian movement – The continuous zig-zag motion of colloidal particles is called Brownian movement. It is due to continuous collisions between solvent molecules and colloidal particles. 

Frenkel defect – it arises when some of the ions of the lattice occupy interestitial leaving lattice site vacant. This defect is generally found in ionic crystals where anion is of much larger size than the cation viz AgBr, ZnS etc. Due to this density does not change, electrical conducting increases to a small extent and there is no change is overall composition of the crystal.

The flow of solvent molecules from solvent towards the solution through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis. 

Schottky defect – It arises when one cation and one anion are missing from the lattice. It causes valancies at the place of ions. It is a common defect in ionic compounds of high co-ordination number where both cations and anions are of the same size i.e., KCl, NaCl etc. Due to this defect density of crystal decreases and it begins to conduct electricity to a smaller extent. 

Homopolymer – Homopolymer is that polymer in which only one monomer is used.

  Example – Polythene

Co-Polymer – Co-polymer is that polymer in which more than one monomer is used.

 Example – Nylon-6, 6  

(a)  Cr³⁺ 

Cr(24) = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d⁵

Cr³⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d³

= [Ar]3d³

(b) Cu⁺

Cu (29) = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ 3d¹⁰

Cu⁺ = 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 3d¹⁰

= [Ar]3d¹⁰

Antipyretics – Antipyretics are the chemicals used to bring down the body temperature in case of high fever.

Example – Paracetamol, Phenacetin 

Antiseptics – Antiseptics are the cheimicals used to check the growth of microorganisms.

Example – Bithional, Chloroxylenol 

(a) K₂ [Ni(CN)₄]  – Potassium tetracyanonickelate (II)

(b) [COCl₂(NH₃)₄]Cl – Tetraamino dichlorido cobalt (III) chloride 

InnoPran XL, Hemangeol, Inderal XL, Inderal

The correct option is (4).

Explanation:

Be(OH)₂ is amphoteric in nature. 

Mg(OH)₂, Ca(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂ is basic in nature.

Propranolol is available under the following different brand names: Inderal, Inderal LA, InnoPran XL, and Hemangeol.

Propranolol is a type of drug called a beta-blocker. It works by acting on the nerve impulses in specific areas of the body such as the heart.

The correct option is (4).

Explanation:

CCl₄ cannot hydrolyse due to the absence of vacant orbital at carbon atom.

It is given that the atoms of Q are present at the corners of the cube.

Therefore, number of atoms of Q in one unit cell = 8 x 1/8 = 1

It is also given that the atoms of P are present at the body-centre.

Therefore, number of atoms of P in one unit cell = 1

This means that the ratio of the number of P atoms to the number of Q atoms, P:Q = 1:1

Hence, the formula of the compound is PQ.

The coordination number of both P and Q is 8.

• Balance Sheet
• Income Statement
• Statement of Cash Flows
• Statement of Shareholder’s Equity
• Footnotes to Financial Statements

Debtors are persons and/or other entities who owe to an enterprise an amount for buying goods and services on credit.

(D^2+2D+1)=e^x

F(D)=(D+1)(D+1)

D=-1

Y_P=e^x/0

Y_{p = 1}

Correct option is B) word

Correct option is A) zebra

(i) Diamminedichlorido(ethane‐1,2‐diamine)chromium(III) chloride 

(ii) [Co(NH₃)₅(ONO)]²⁺

Correct answer is a) Sugar 

The correct answer is Carbon monoxide gas may be formed which, if inhaled, is found to be very poisonous.

• The incomplete combustion of coal releases many poisonous gases like carbon monoxide into the environment.
• This carbon monoxide gas is fatal to health, can lead to coma and even death of the persons sleeping in that room.
• This carboxyhemoglobin decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood in our body.
• Thus the brain gets deprived of oxygen.
• This leads to suffocation and eventually leads to death.
• So it is advised not to sleep in a closed room with coal burning inside it.

• Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas and causes asphyxiation.
• Burning coal gives Carbon monoxide and consumes oxygen from the room.

Correct option is C) anybody / somebody

Correct option is B) somewhere / anywhere

Correct option is A) something / anything

Correct option is  A) have been looking

Correct option is B) increased

Correct option is D) stay

Correct option is D) (his) studying

Correct option is B) have seen

Correct option is A) had been feeling

Glial cells and neurons are the cells that form the nervous system. Neurons are cells that have the function of receiving and transmitting the neural impulses and glial cells (astrocytes, microgliacytes, ependymal cells and oligodendrocytes) are the cells that support, feed and insulate (electrically) the neurons. The Schwann cells that produce the myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system can also be considered glial cells.

The structures that form the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

The organs of the CNS are the brain (cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum) and spinal cord. The PNS is made of nerves and neural ganglia. Besides these organs the meninges (duramater, arachnoid and pia-mater) are part of the nervous system too since they cover and protect the encephalon and the spinal cord. 

c Task oriented

Answer is d. i, ii

The structure through which the neural impulse passes from one cell to another is the synapse. The synapse is composed by the presynaptic membrane in the terminal portion of the axon of the transmitter cell, the synaptic cleft (or synaptic space) and the postsynaptic membrane in the dendrite of the receptor cell.

The following are some neurotransmitters: adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, histamine, gaba (gamma aminobutyric acid), glycine, aspartate, nitric oxide. 

The propagation of the action potential along the axon reaches the region immediately anterior to the presynaptic membrane causing its permeability to calcium ions to change and these ions to enter the cell. In the presynaptic area of the axon there are many neurotransmitter-repleted vesicles that by means of exocytosis activated by the calcium influx release the neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters then bind to specific receptors of the postsynaptic membrane. (The binding of neurotransmitters to their receptors is reversible, i.e., the neurotransmitters are not consumed after the process.) With the binding of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic receptors the permeability of the postsynaptic membrane is altered and the depolarization that will lead to the first action potential of the postsynaptic cell begins.

Since the binding of neurotransmitters to the postsynaptic receptors is reversible, after these neurochemicals perform their role they must be eliminated from the synaptic cleft. Neurotransmitters can then bind to specific proteins that carry them back to the axon they came from in a process called neurotransmitter re-uptake. They can also be destroyed by specific enzymes, like acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine. Or they can simply diffuse out of the synaptic cleft.

Fluoxetine is a substance that inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that acts mainly in the central nervous system. By inhibiting the re-uptake of the neurotransmitter the drug increases its availability in the synaptic cleft thus improving the neuronal transmission. 

Answer is (b) humour