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i) ICs are downward sloping. 

ii) ICs are convex to the origin. 

 iii) ICs never intersect each other.

a) In order to maintain the same level of satisfaction a consumer has to sacrifice one good to get one unit of another good.

b) ICs are convex to the origin due to diminishing MRS.

Marginal Rate of Substitution of X for Y refers to the number of units of good Y that the consumer is willing to forego for an additional unit of good X, so as to maintain the same level of satisfaction.

MRS=∆/∆X

As the given consumer moves downwards along the indifference curve, we observe that MRS(the slope of the indifference curve) continuously declines. This implies that the indifference curve is convex.

According to question, when MRS>Px/Py,

This means to get one more unit of commodity X consumer is willing to sacrifice more units of commodity, Y than the market requires. Consumer will now buy more of commodity and buy less of commodity Y. This will bring down MRS till it becomes equal to Px/Py and the equilibrium is achieved.

Factors affecting Elasticity of Demand: -

(1) Substitutes: - When substitutes of any goods is available then demand elasticity of such goods is highly elastic, because when price of these goods increases, substitutes are used in place of it. In the same way, on decrease in price of these goods, use of substitutes decreases. Tea, coffee, gur, sugar etc. are examples of substitutes. 

(2) Alternative Uses: - When goods could be used in only one way, its demand will be elastic. For example, cool has many uses – It can be used in railways, houses industries, etc. Demand of cool for railway is inelastic but for house purpose, its demand is elastic as many cheaper alternative goods like, cooking gas etc. could be used in place of it. 

(3) Postponement of Consumption : - If consumption of any goods can be postponed, its demand becomes elastic, e.g., a person has two woolen clothes. If due to some reason, price of woolens clothes increases, then consumer postpones the idea of buying another sweater in current year. In such a case, demand of woolen clothes for current year will be highly elastic. 

(4) Expenditure Amount :- Goods on which large part of income is spent, are highly demand elastic and those goods on which small part of income is spent, their demand is generally in elastic. That is why, demand of television, radio cycle, scooter , etc. is more elastic as compare to salt, wheat etc. 

(5) Income Level: - Elastic of demand for rich people is generally in elastic because increase in price level does not affect them severely while elasticity of demand for poor people is highly elastic because increase in prices affect their purchasing power a lot. 

(6) Price level: - Elasticity of demand also depends on price level of the goods. Elasticity of demand will be greater at high price level and less of low level of price. 

(7) Time Period : - In short run, demand for goods is generally less elastic because a consumer changes his habits in long-run and but not in shortrun more over, supply of output cannot be increased readily in Short run. 

(8) Joint Demand or complementary of Goods: - Few goods are demanded along with other goods. These are called completementary goods and their demand is inelastic. For example, scooter-petro), shoes- socks, etc.

River, Ocean

The job in which work is done while preserving the environment is called Green Jobs.

• Tour brochure depicts the places of interest, types of services, nature of operation and conditions. 
• Information related to the mode of transport, accommodation, and other related services is clarified in order to avoid ambiguity and confusion. Customers can get sufficient idea of booking the organized package tours. 
• It is usually written in simple and lucid language to describe the components of services and places of tourist interest. 
• Tour operators present the content in brochure in a simplified form

An Entrepreneur grows his business by :

i. Improving the quality of product 

ii. Adding Substitutes

Correct option is C) up

United Nations Member States in 2015 adopted 17 SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) as a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

1. A method in Java is a block of statements grouped together to perform a specific task. A method has a name, a return type, an optional list of parameters, and a body.

2. static double product (double number1, double number2) {return (number1 * number2);}

Explain functions of an entrepreneur are : 

a. making decisions: 

b. Managing the business

Two easy to reduce inequalities are : 

(i) - be helpful to one another. 

(ii) - be friendly with everyone

The given statement is true; infrastructural development in an economy increases productivity, induces higher investment, facilitates employment, and generates more income. With the rise in income the quality of life of the people improves. Thus, conclusively we may say that infrastructure contributes to the economic development of a country.

(i) It promotes rapid economic development through creation and expansion of infrastructure. 

(ii) It creates employment opportunities. 

(iii) It generates financial resources for development. 

(iv) It is ensuring equality of income, wealth and thus, a balanced regional development. 

(v) It encourages development of small, medium and cottage industries. 

(vi) It ensures easy availability of goods at moderate rates. 

(vii)Contributes to community development, Human Development Index i.e. health and educational services. 

i. Push factor- make place of origin seem less attractive for reasons like unemployment, poor living conditions.

ii. Pool factors- make place of destination seem more attractive than the place of origin for reasons like better job opportunities and living conditions, peace and stability.

Definition of slums – slums are residential areas of the least choice dilapidated house, poor hygienic conditions, poor ventilation, lack of basic amenities like drinking water, light and toilet facilities etc. these areas are overcrowded having narrow street pattern prone to serious hazards from fire. 

Problems of urban slums 

a. High risk prone 

b. Lack of infrastructure- roads, sanitation, lights 

c. Congestion 

d. Social and economic problem – crime, child labour, violence.

Definition and explanation of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization…….

Impact of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization on Indian economy 

i. Abolition of industrial licensing. 

ii. Free entry to foreign technology. 

iii. Foreign investment policy. 

iv. Free flow of capital

Division of labour refers to the division of total work or amount of labour into a number of parts or works and assigning of each part to the person who is best fit in. It may be of two types: 

1. Product based division of labour. 

2. Process based division of labour

Product based division of labour implies specialization in the production of a single complete commodity or service. For example, a farmer in India takes care of all processes in production such as cultivation, sowing of seeds, irrigation, harvesting, selling etc.

On the other hand, process based division of labour refers to the production of a commodity or rendering a service by dividing the whole work into a number of operations or processes and assigning each operation or process to a worker who is expert to do the work. Thus, it means specialization in the single process in the production of a commodity. For example, in a modern tailoring shop, one person cuts the cloth. Another does stitching and another buttons, and so on.

(c) Both (a) and (b) 

(C) Visible item

(D) Demand & supply forces

(B) Finance ministry of government

(D) All the above

Answer is (a) 88134

c) Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false

The three methods of measuring GDP are: 

1. Product or value added method. 

2. Expenditure method. 

3. Income method.

The factors which cause change in aggregate demand are as follows: 

• Change in consumption.
• Change in investment.

1. Change in consumption 

2. Change in Investment.

The difference between depreciation and devaluation is as follows:

Energy is needed to overpower the forces of attractions among oppositely charged particles. 

Hence (b) is the correct answer.

Surplus in capital account arises when the capital inflows are greater than capital outflows. Deficit in capital account arises when capital inflows are lesser than capital outflows.

(b) Cu₂S which contain Fe₂S₃ 

In the case of an ore containing ZnS and PbS, the froth stabilizer used is NaCN

Foreign exchange rate is the price of one currency in terms of another currency. It links the currencies of different countries and enables comparison of international costs and prices.

For example, if we need to pay Rs.68 for 1 dollar, then the exchange rate is Rs.68 per dollar.

If the equilibrium level of output is more than the full employment level; it is due to the fact that the demand is more than the level of output produced at full employment level. This situation is called excess demand.

If the equilibrium level of output is less than the full employment of output, it is due to fact that demand is not enough to employ all factors of production. This situation is called deficient demand.

If some users do not pay and it is difficult, and sometimes impossible to collect fees for the public good, such run paying users are known as free riders.

They are called so because consumers will not voluntarily pay for what they can get for free and for which there is no exclusive title (ownership) to the property being enjoyed.

Inferior goods are associated with a negative income elasticity, while normal goods are related to a positive income elasticity. It's important to note that the term inferior good refers to its affordability, rather than its quality, even though some inferior goods may be of lower quality.

Correct option is (B) Only (B)

Based on "n + 1" rule only (B) has pair of electron in degenerate orbitals.

The basic economic activities of life are production, distribution, and disposition of goods and services. A society will be facing scarcity of resources during the time of fulfillment of these activities.

Scarcity is evident, due to the availability of limited resources, and human needs having no limit. This variation between the supply and demand leads to the formation of central problems of an economy.

The central problems of an economy revolve around the following factors:.

• What to produce?
• How to produce?
• For whom to produce?

There are Five amino acids and four peptide linkages.

The three linkages of open economy are as follows: 

• Output market linkage 
• Financial market linkage 
• Labour market linkage.

Investment multiplier is the ratio of the total increment in equilibrium value of final goods output to the initial increment in autonomous expenditure. Its formula is

Investment Multiplier = ∆Y/∆A= 1/1-c.

Where, ∆Y is the total increment in final goods output, ∆A is initial increment in autonomous expenditure and c is size of the multiplier.

The difference between current account and capital account are as follows:

“The multiple increase in income due to increase in investment, is known as multiplier.” or “Multiplier means the ratio of change in income to the change in investment" 

Here 

K = Multiplier ; 

DY = Change in Income; 

DI = Change in investment.

Public Provisions – In a medium voter framework with proportional taxation generally exceeds Private Provision. 

Public goods that are available everywhere are sometimes referred to as global public goods.

The – CO NH – bond formed between two a-amino acids is called peptide bond or peptide linkage. Peptide bond is formed by the union of a-amino acids with the loss of water molecules. Three peptide bonds are present in a tetra-peptide.

1. (D) All of the above

2. (D) Both A and B are correct.

3. (D) Both A and B are correct

4. (C) warnings

5. (B) by the complexity of its song.

6. (A) health

7. (A) recognize other members

Differentiate between Micro and Macro economics.

(i) Micro economics is that part of economics which studies the behaviour of individual economic units. (such as a consumer, a producer, income / savings / investments of an individual, etc.) whereas Macro economics is that part of economics which studies the behaviour of aggregates or averages, which are related with whole economy (such as all the consumers of economy, all the producers of economy, National Income, total savings, total investment of economy, etc.) 

(ii) The main subject matter of micro economics is to decide price of commodity and price of means of production whereas the main subject matter of macro economics is to decide the equilibrium level of income and employment of the economy. 

(iii) Micro economics is also known as price theory whereas Macro economics is also known as income and employment theory. 

(iv) The tools of micro economics are demand and supply whereas the tools of Macro economics are Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply.