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This section includes InterviewSolutions, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 2451. |
Microvilli are composed of ____________(a) red blood cells(b) myosin(c) white blood cells(d) actin |
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Answer» Correct choice is (d) actin Easy explanation: The microvilli facilitate absorption of nutrients and project outwards from the apical cell surface because of the presence of a skeleton made of filaments. These filaments are composed of the protein actin. |
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| 2452. |
Which of the following biomolecules are not synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum?(a) Proteins(b) Lipids(c) Nucleic acids(d) Cholesterol |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) Nucleic acids To explain I would say: The primary function of endoplasmic reticulum is the synthesis of proteins. However certain lipids and cholesterol molecules are also synthesized in ER. |
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| 2453. |
Hydrophobic transmembrane segments of which proteins are not synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum?(a) integral membrane proteins(b) lysosomal proteins(c) steroids(d) secretory proteins |
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Answer» The correct answer is (a) integral membrane proteins The explanation: Unlike secretory and lysosomal proteins, integral membrane proteins are not completely synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. One more or hydrophobic segment of these proteins are shunted directly from the translocon to the phospholipid bilayer. |
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| 2454. |
Glycolipids are synthesized in the ER and ____________(a) Nucleus(b) Golgi complex(c) Mitochondrion(d) Plasma membrane |
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Answer» The correct answer is (b) Golgi complex The best explanation: Most membrane lipids are synthesized entirely in the endoplasmic reticulum with a few exceptions, one being glycolipids. The synthesis of glycolipids begins in the ER and completes in the Golgi complex. |
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| 2455. |
The cell wall of diatoms composed of __________(a) Biogenic alumina(b) Biogenic ammonia(c) Biogenic silica(d) Biogenic magnesia |
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Answer» The correct option is (c) Biogenic silica The explanation: The cell walls of marine diatoms have biogenic silica which is otherwise known as biogenic opal. This is found as small scales, granules or other geometric structures on the cell wall. This biogenic silica is a major contribution to the global carbon cycle. |
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| 2456. |
Retrieval signals, present on the C-terminus of ER resident proteins are captured by the receptors present on __________________(a) Clathrin-coated vesicles(b) Golgi complex(c) COPI-coated vesicles(d) COPII-coated vesicles |
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Answer» Correct option is (c) COPI-coated vesicles For explanation I would say: The COPI-coated transport vesicles operate in the retrograde direction and are responsible for retention of proteins that reside in the ER membrane or lumen and are accidentally carried away by the Golgi complex. Such proteins possess retrieval signals at their C-terminus which is captured by receptors on the COPI-coated vesicles, which transport them back to the endoplasmic reticulum. |
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| 2457. |
Gross Value added by Agriculture, forestry and fishing is estimated at Rs…………….. Trillion (US $ 274.23 billion) in Financial Year 2-18.A. Rs 16.47 trillionB. Rs 22.45 trillionC. Rs 23.32 trillionD. Rs 17.67 trillion |
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Answer» Correct Answer - D Gross Value Added by agriculture, forestry and fishing is estimated at Rs. 17.67 trillion (U$$ 274.31 billion) in FY.18. |
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| 2458. |
Which of the following technique was used to study the function of ribosomes and contrast it with the function of ER membrane?(a) Cell-free systems(b) Autoradiography(c) Spectroscopy(d) Microscopy |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) Cell-free systems To elaborate: Cell-free systems refer to the isolated organelles of the homogenized cells. These were first used to comprehend the protein synthesizing role of ribosomes and the protein sequestering role of endoplasmic reticulum membrane. |
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| 2459. |
The signal sequence that determines whether a protein will be synthesized on a free ribosome or ribosome attached to endoplasmic reticulum is located at _______(a) N-terminal(b) C-terminal(c) hydrophobic tail(d) hydrophilic tail |
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Answer» Right choice is (a) N-terminal The explanation is: There are two locations in a cell where a protein can be synthesized depending upon its type and function. The signal that directs the synthesis of a protein to a free ribosome or ribosome attached to the endoplasmic reticulum is found in the C-terminal of the protein. |
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| 2460. |
In yeast cells, protein transport across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane occurs __________(a) perpendicularly(b) discontinuously(c) co-translationally(d) post-translationally |
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Answer» Correct choice is (d) post-translationally Explanation: Polypeptide is synthesized in the ribosome and if appropriate signal is present in its C-terminal it moves to the ER membrane during the synthesis, this is called co-translational movement. In post-translational movement, the nascent polypeptide reaches the ER membrane after complete synthesis. Unlike mammalian cells post-translational movement of the polypeptides is observed in the yeast cells. |
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| 2461. |
A protein coat of diameter ________ is present on the transport vesicles.(a) 0.5-1 mm(b) 0.5-1 nm(c) 0.5-1 pm(d) 0.5-1 μm |
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Answer» The correct option is (d) 0.5-1 μm Explanation: The Golgi complex was discovered by Camillo Golgi for which he was awarded Nobel Prize in 1908. It consists of flattened, disk-like membranous cisternae of diameter 0.5 to 1 μm. |
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| 2462. |
Tobacco Mosaic Virus consists of one long molecule of ______________(a) DNA(b) Carbohydrates(c) Glycerol(d) RNA |
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Answer» The correct choice is (d) RNA Explanation: In 1955 at the University of California, it was demonstrated that TMV particles consist of one long molecule of RNA which is 6600nucleotides long wound in a helical capsule made of 2130 identical protein subunits. |
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| 2463. |
A molecule of clathrin has a ______________ structure.(a) triskelion(b) spherical(c) cylindrical(d) polygonal |
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Answer» Correct option is (a) triskelion To explain: A molecule of clathrin has three heavy and three light chains joined at the center, forming a three^–legged structure called triskelion. |
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| 2464. |
Clathrin present on the clathrin-coated vesicles is a ______________(a) carbohydrate(b) protein(c) oligosaccharide(d) enzyme |
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Answer» Correct answer is (b) protein Best explanation: Clathrin is a protein present on the outer surface of clathrin-coated vesicles forming a honeycomb-like lattice. The main function of these vesicles is to transport lysosomal enzymes. |
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| 2465. |
which phase follows the S phase in the cell cycle |
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Answer» Interphase is composed of G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth). At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase, which is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells. |
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| 2466. |
Which of the following neuromuscular blocking agents cause cardiac arrhythmias? a) Vecuronium b) Tubocurarine c) Rapacuronium d) Succinylcholine |
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Answer» d) Succinylcholine |
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| 2467. |
Ganglion blocking drugs are used for the following emergencies EXCEPT: a) Hypertensive crises b) Controlled hypotension c) Cardiovascular collapse d) Pulmonary edema |
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Answer» c) Cardiovascular collapse |
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| 2468. |
Skeletal muscle relaxation and paralysis can occur from interruption of functions at several sites, including all of the following EXCEPT: a) Nicotinic acethylcholine receptors b) Muscarinic acethylcholine receptors c) The motor end plate d) Contractile apparatus |
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Answer» b) Muscarinic acethylcholine receptors |
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| 2469. |
Which adaptor molecule operate in clathrin^–mediated endocytosis?(a) GGA(b) AP1(c) AP2(d) Sar1 |
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Answer» Right option is (c) AP2 The best I can explain: AP2 adaptor molecules are associated with clathrin coated pits formed in the plasma membranes as a result of receptor^–mediated endocytosis. |
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| 2470. |
Mitochondrial matrix proteins have a target sequence, called presequence located at __________(a) N-terminus(b) C-terminus(c) interstitial site(d) center of the sequence |
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Answer» The correct option is (a) N-terminus Explanation: Mitochondrial matrix proteins contain a removable sequence (presequence) containing a number of positively charged residues, located at the N-terminus. |
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| 2471. |
The mitochondrial RNA polymerase is made up of _____________(a) 1 subunit(b) 2 subunits(c) 3 subunits(d) multiple subunits |
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Answer» Right choice is (a) 1 subunit The explanation is: Mitochondrial RNA polymerase helps in the synthesis of proteins from mitochondrial RNA. The mitochondrial RNA polymerase is unlike the multi-subunit RNA polymerase enzyme of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell and contains only a single subunit similar to certain bacterial viruses. |
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| 2472. |
Neuromuscular blockade by both succinylcholine and mivacurium may be prolonged in patients with: a) Renal failure b) An abnormal variant of plasma cholinesterase c) Hepatic disease d) Both b and c |
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Answer» d) Both b and c |
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| 2473. |
Water enters the vacuole by ____________(a) reverse osmosis(b) osmosis(c) active diffusion(d) passive diffusion |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) osmosis Best explanation: Due to high concentration of ions in the vacuole, water enters by osmosis. Hydrostatic pressure exerted by the vacuole provides mechanical strength to the plant cell. |
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| 2474. |
medical staff should change their working clothes |
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Answer» Not only should your uniforms stay separate from other uniforms, but they should also be sorted by materials and contaminants. Doctors, nurses, and surgeon uniforms often come in contact with blood and other hazardous bodily fluids. Specific washing processes and detergents are used on specific contaminants. Specializing care to the material and problem ensure contaminants completely break down and stains are removed. Different clothing materials and soil types require specific washing processes and detergent formulations. Separate washes ensure your work-wear is contaminant free and safe to wear. |
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| 2475. |
The number of nuclear pores is highly variable in eukaryotic cell because. A) cell size.B) number of chromosome.C) size of the nucleus.D) level of gene expression |
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Answer» The correct option is (c) size of the nucleus. The number of nuclear pores is highly variable in eukaryotic cell because size of nucleus. |
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| 2476. |
Agents that produce neuromuscular blockade act by inhibiting: a) Interaction of acetylcholine with cholinergic receptors b) Release of acetylcholine from prejunctional membrane c) Packaging of acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles d) Reuptake of acetylcholine into the nerve ending |
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Answer» a) Interaction of acetylcholine with cholinergic receptors |
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| 2477. |
Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has short duration of action: a) Succinylcholineb) Tubocurarine c) Mivacurium d) Pancuronium |
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Answer» c) Mivacurium |
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| 2478. |
Indicate the nondepolarizing agent, which has the fastest onset of effect?a) Succinylcholine b) Rapacuronium c) Pancuronium d) Tubocurarine |
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Answer» b) Rapacuronium |
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| 2479. |
The number of nuclear pores is highly variable in eukaryotic cell because. A) cell size.B) number of chromosome.C) size of the nucleus.D) level of gene expression |
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Answer» The correct option is (c) size of the nucleus. The number of nuclear pores is highly variable in eukaryotic cell because size of nucleus. |
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| 2480. |
Which of the following diseases can augment the neuromuscular blockade produced by nondepolarizing muscle relaxants? a) Myasthenia gravis b) Burns c) Asthma d) Parkinsonism |
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Answer» a) Myasthenia gravis |
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| 2481. |
Sympathetic stimulation is mediated by: a) Release of norepinephrine from nerve terminals b) Activation of adrenoreceptors on postsynaptic sites c) Release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla d) All of the above |
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Answer» d) All of the above |
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| 2482. |
Which of the following statements is false?(a) Gram negative bacteria is less resistant to physical disruption than Gram positive.(b) Gram positive bacteria is inhibited by basic dyes(c) Gram negative bacteria cell wall is thin and single layered.(d) Gram negative bacteria is more resistant to antibiotics than Gram positive. |
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Answer» Right option is (c) Gram negative bacteria cell wall is thin and single layered. The best I can explain: The cell wall of Gram negative bacteria is thick and two layered. However, the cell wall of Gram positive bacteria is thick and single layered. |
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| 2483. |
Which of the following is caused by cadherin disorder?(a) Zellweger syndrome(b) Usher syndrome(c) Bubble boy syndrome(d) Down’s syndrome |
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Answer» Correct answer is (b) Usher syndrome Easy explanation: Usher syndrome is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by mutation. In this disorder the cadherin 23 is responsible for the deafness. |
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| 2484. |
Which of the following disease is associated with desmoplakin disorder?(a) Alzheimer(b) Carvajal syndrome(c) Myocardial infarction(d) Zellweger syndrome |
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Answer» Right option is (b) Carvajal syndrome To explain: Carvajal syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by both autosomal recessive and dominant gene. The disease makes the palms and soles’ skin thickened. |
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| 2485. |
Following its entry into the mitochondrial matrix, the peptide is _______________(a) degraded(b) converted to phagosome(c) folded to its native conformation(d) hydrolyzed |
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Answer» Right choice is (c) folded to its native conformation For explanation: Following its entry into the mitochondrial matrix, the unfolded peptide is converted back to its original folded state followed by the enzymatic removal of its presequence. |
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| 2486. |
Where do the materials ingested by endocytosis, reach after travelling through the late endosome?(a) nucleus(b) lysosome(c) mitochondria(d) early endosome |
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Answer» The correct answer is (b) lysosome To explain: After endocytosis materials reach the late endosome, where the bound ligands are concentrated. After late endosome the materials reach lysosome for further processing. |
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| 2487. |
Which protein is used for the fluorescent labeling of cytoskeleton elements of the cell?(a) horseradish peroxide(b) methylene blue(c) bromophenol blue(d) green fluorescent protein |
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Answer» Right option is (d) green fluorescent protein To explain I would say: The green fluorescent protein (26.9 kDa) is used to synthesize fusion proteins in the cell. In this way proteins of the cytoskeletal elements can be fluorescently labeled and then studied. |
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| 2488. |
Which of the following drugs antagonizes the effects of levodopa because it leads to a junctional blockade of dopamine action? a) Reserpine b) Haloperidol c) Chlorpromazine d) All of the above |
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Answer» d) All of the above |
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| 2489. |
Human Genome Project was focused on discovering the details of ___________(a) sNRPs(b) 3D DNA structure(c) Junk DNA(d) VNTRs |
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Answer» Correct answer is (c) Junk DNA For explanation: The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the sequence of nucleotide base pairs that make up human DNA from a period of 1990 to 2003. The main purpose of these projects was to find out the base sequence of human junk DNA which was different for every individual. |
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| 2490. |
Which of the following are the most extensible filaments?(a) intermediate filaments(b) cytochrome(c) microfilaments(d) microtubules |
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Answer» Right answer is (a) intermediate filaments For explanation: The most extensible cytoskeletal filaments are the intermediate filaments. They can be mechanically stretched to 3.5 times its original length. |
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| 2491. |
The transport factors that help in the transport of molecules through the nuclear pores are known as ___________(a) Nucleopherins(b) Nucleoporins(c) Karyopherins(d) Karyoporins |
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Answer» Right answer is (c) Karyopherins Explanation: Proteins, ribosomal subunits, and some DNAs are transported through the pore complexes mediated by a family of transport factors known as karyopherins. Karyopherins are of two types- those that mediate movement of molecules into the nucleus are called importins and those that mediate movement out of the nucleus are called exportins. |
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| 2492. |
Indicate the agent, which effectively antagonizes the neuromuscular blockade caused by nondepolarizing drugs: a) Atropine b) Neostigmine c) Acetylcholine d) Pralidoxime |
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Answer» b) Neostigmine |
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| 2493. |
Exotoxins are produced by _______________(a) All prokaryotes(b) Gram positive bacteria(c) Gram negative bacteria(d) Archaea |
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Answer» Correct option is (b) Gram positive bacteria To explain: Exotoxins are produced by Gram positive bacteria. Endotoxins are produced by Gram negative bacteria. |
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| 2494. |
The striated appearance of muscle fibers is due to _______________(a) nucleus(b) sacromeres(c) sarcoma(d) myoblasts |
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Answer» Correct choice is (b) sacromeres Explanation: Hundreds of thin, cylindrical strands called myofibrils. Each myofibril contains repeating contractile units, called sarcomeres. The sarcomeres exhibit a banding pattern giving the muscle cells a striated appearance. |
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| 2495. |
Ionic gradient in which part of the mitochondrion drives the synthesis of ATP?(a) matrix(b) outer membrane(c) inner membrane(d) DNA |
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Answer» Correct option is (c) inner membrane The explanation is: The inner membrane of mitochondrion maintains an ionic gradient across its inner membrane to drive energy requiring activities mainly ATP synthesis. |
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| 2496. |
In autophagy, the organelle’s to be ingested are covered by a ______________(a) protein coat(b) oligosaccharides(c) double membrane(d) single membrane |
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Answer» Correct choice is (c) double membrane To explain: In autophagy, the organelles of the cell are fused and subsequently ingested by the lysosomes. Prior to fusion a double membrane wraps up the organelle to be degraded, forming an autophagosome. |
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| 2497. |
For which of the following organelles, the proteins to be imported remain in their native folded state?(a) Peroxisomes(b) Mitochondrion(c) Chloroplast(d) Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Answer» The correct option is (a) Peroxisomes To elaborate: Proteins carrying a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) bind to the PTS receptors, present on the membrane surface, which escort the protein through the boundary membrane to the internal matrix, in its native folded state. |
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| 2498. |
According to the fluid mosaic model, the membrane is _____________(a) rigid(b) discontinuous(c) sheet-like(d) fluid-like |
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Answer» Correct option is (d) fluid-like The best I can explain: The fluid mosaic model states that the membrane is a lipid bilayer of fluid nature in which the lipid components are free to move about. |
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| 2499. |
The ability of importins and exportins to transport molecules in and out of the nucleoporins is regulated by ______________(a) ATPases(b) GTPases(c) AMPases(d) Both ATPases and GTPases |
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Answer» Right choice is (b) GTPases For explanation I would say: Impotins and exportins are responsible for the transport of molecules inside the nucleus and outside to the cytoplasm respectively. This transport is regulated by GTPases, enzymes that hydrolyze guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to release energy. The major GTPase used in nuclear transport is ‘Ran’, which can bind either GTP or GDP. |
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| 2500. |
Who discovered plasmodesmata?(a) Strasburger(b) Boveri(c) J Rhodin(d) Van Beneden |
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Answer» The correct choice is (a) Strasburger For explanation: Plasmodesmata serves as a connective system between two plant cells and in some algal cells. These were first discovered by Strasburger in 1901. The discovery was aided by electron microscopic studies. |
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