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DNA, RNA two types of nucleic acids.

Protein synthesis of DNA.

Characteristics of the private limited company
Members– To start a company, a minimum number of 2 members are required and a maximum number of 200 members as per the provisions of the companies act 2013.

Limited Liability– The liability of each member or shareholders is limited. It means that if a company faces loss under any circumstances then its shareholders are liable to sell their own assets for payment. The personal, individual assets of the shareholders are not at risk. 

Perpetual succession– The company keeps on existing in the eyes of law even in the case of death, insolvency, the bankruptcy of any of its members. This leads to the perpetual succession of the company. The life of the company keeps on existing forever.

Index of members– A private company has a privilege over the public company as they don’t have to keep an index of its members whereas the public company is required to maintain an index of its members.

A number of directors– When it comes to directors a private company needs to have only two directors. With the existence of 2 directors, a private company can come into operations.

Paid up capital– It must have a minimum paid-up capital of Rs 1 lakh or such higher amount which may be prescribed from time to time. 

Prospectus– Prospectus is a detailed statement of the company affairs which is issued by a company for its public. However, in the case of a private limited company, there is no such need to issue a prospectus because in this public is not invited to subscribe for the shares of the company.

Minimum subscription– It is the amount received by the company which is 90% of the shares issued within a certain period of time. If the company is not able to receive 90% of the amount then they cannot commence further business. In the case of a private limited company, shares can be allotted to the public without receiving the minimum subscription.

Name– It is mandatory for all the private companies to use the word private limited after its name.

mRNA(messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), rRNA (ribosomal RNA).

DNA molecule. DNA molecules are seen in chromosome.

a. Single strand 

b. tRNA 

c. Dwarf

Correct option is C) stick

DNA does not participate directly in protein synthesis. RNA is the molecule that carries information form DNA to ribosomes and controls protein synthesis.

messenger of DNA, it is called messenger RNA or mRNA. Besides mRNA, there are tRNA (Transfer RNA) that carry amino acids to the ribosomes and rRNA (Ribosomal RNA) that are seen associated with ribosomes. Protein molecule is synthesized by the combined activities of all these molecules.

No, we do not observe the objects underwater at their original position.

a. Speed of light in vacuum = Speed of light in water × Refractive index

= 2.25 × 10⁸ ×4/3 = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

b. Speed of light in glass = \(\cfrac{3 \times \,10^8}{3} = 2 \times 10^8 \,m/s\)

Correct option is A) can

The light rays below the water undergo deviation at the surface of water.

Panel solar cookers are inexpensive solar cookers that use reflective panels to direct sunlight to a cooking pot that is enclosed in a clear plastic bag.

Complete the table

• Examine the rubber tube at regular intervals and ensure that it does not have a leakage. 
• Turn on the knob of stove only after the regulator is turned on. 
• Always buy LPG cylinders from authorized franchisees only 
• Check that the cylinder has been delivered with the company seal and safety cap intact, do not accept the cylinder if the seal is broken. 
• Please look for the due date of test, which is marked on the inner side of the cylinder stay plate and if this date is over, do not accept the cylinder 
• Disconnect LPG regulator and affix safety cap on the cylinder when your gas stove is not in use for prolonged period. 
• Always store the LPG cylinder in an upright position and away from other combustible and flammable materials.
• Check for gas leaks regularly by applying soap solution on cylinder joints and Surakshapipes.

No. The critical angle of water 48.6°. You have already realized that total internal re- flection takes place only if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. The total internal reflection takes place when in the incident ray is more than 48.6°

Yes. The angle of incidence, angle of refraction and the normal at the point of incidence are in the same plane.

Due to refraction.

Answer: a) Isoniazid

∠r Between the refracted ray and the normal.

Average f = 19.99 cm

The height of the object height of the image depends on the ratio of the distance to the object and distance to the image. When the object is kept at different positions, the height of the image can be varied.

Deviates away from the normal. Normal. While entering from glass to air (from a medium of greater optical density to that of a lower one) the refracted ray deviates away from the normal.

Deviates towards the normal. While entering from air to glass (from a medium of lower optical density to that of a greater one) the refracted ray deviates away from the normal.

A family is a group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption who live together; all such related persons are considered as members of one family.

As light from the coin comes from denser to rarer medium if bends away from normal so the position of the coin seems to be lifted up due to refraction.

We can’t easily pick up the coin.

a. The line seems to be rising on glass slab.

b. The line seems to be the surface of glass slab.

c. The line seems to be below the glass slab.

Power of the lens – Dioptre

(a) The journalist asked who had influenced him in his life.

(b) Feynman replied that his father had influenced him.

Air & Water are the media involved here.

At principal focus

light does not pass through all the media at the same speed.

                                                        Richard Philips Feynman

Richard Philips Feynman was born on 11 May, 1919 in Manhattan, a New York city. The name of his spouse was Gweneth Howarth. Richard Philips is renowned as an American theoretical physicist. His major contributions to physics include integral formulation of quantum mechanics and the theory of quantum electrodynamics. He was accoladed with Albert Einstein Award in 1954 and Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. This great physicist breathed his last on 15 February, 1988 at the age of 69.

Because coin’s actual place is not there. The light rays from the coin comes from denser to rarer medium it bends away from the normal, So the position of coin seems to be lifted up due to refraction.

Light rays from fish and frog undergo deviation at surface of water. So they don’t see on exact place.

I.Ben was eagerly waiting for the next morning because he was going to visit his grandpa for a week.

II. Ben collected a book on building forts, a book on making go-carts, a book about a kid detective, a model car kit and his stuffed bear in his back-pack.

III. Ben's Grandpa was a very affectionate man. He enjoyed the visit of Ben and taught him lessons in real life things with great patience.

IV. Last year, Ben had learned how to replace a broken door knob and how to fix a leaky tap.

V. Visiting Grandpa had become a favourite part of Ben's vacation because he used to take Ben fishing and to baseball games.

Position of the image: At 2F on the other 

side Characteristic of the image: Inverted 

Size of the image: Same size of the object

Twice a Week the Winter Thorough’ is a poem by Alfred Edward Housman. The poem describes that success and failure are the two sides of the same coin. One must accept both triumph and defeat in a true sportsman spirit. The poet talks of his youthful days when he used to fight his sorrow and sadness by playing football. It was a common belief that playing games helps fight sadness and frustration. The poet feels that trying to keep sadness away will help a lot. The poem is a beautiful depiction of his feelings when he was young and his efforts to overcome the sadness.

The poet has made use of alliteration at many places like week-winter, football-fighting and see-son. The rhyme scheme of the poem is abab throughout the poem.

At principal focus

Position of the image: Between F and 2F 

Nature of the image: Real, Inverted 

Size of the image: Diminished

I.The speaker couldn't look up at the teacher because he knew that he was inattentive in the class and the teacher had caught him.

II. The teacher asked the speaker to explain Newton's Law of Gravity and Mass to the class.

III. The speaker's mind was blank because he had not paid attention to the lesson while the teacher was teaching.

IV. The rhyme scheme followed in the first stanza is aabb.

The goal of career day is to introduce students to careers by bringing community members into the school to discuss their jobs. Career day may encompass the entire student body or just seniors. Here are some tips for planning yours.

1. Enlist a career day planning team to organize and carry out major tasks.
2. Determine how many students will attend. Career day is best assigned to half of a typical school day. Mornings are most convenient for guest speakers to be excused from work.
3. Develop a master schedule for the event. 
4. Invite guest speakers at least three months in advance and provide a formal invitation explaining and highlighting the event. Try to keep careers interesting and represent a variety. Send, call or e-mail reminders to speakers two weeks prior to the event.
5. Recruit a group of student volunteers to guide and escort speakers as they enter and exit campus. Student volunteers should wear school logos to be easily recognized. 
6. Advertise the event to the students as well as to the community. Offer incentives for students to attend. Use the newspaper’s free community announcement section. 7. Visit classrooms to present the event to students. Provide students with a menu of speakers and the schedule. Students must understand the concept of the day and choose presentations carefully.

8. Organize a welcome session as a prelude to the event. An administrator should greet speakers and provide a short thank-you speech. Light refreshments may be provided. Students will escort speakers to classrooms. 

9. Assign teachers to classrooms to monitor student behavior, serve as a liaison for speakers and collect event evaluations from speakers and students.
10. Implement a training session for all staff so that all are available to assist and support the event.

I. The writer feels that the nights in the jungle are attractive only in films because they are not so in real life. They rather seem to be frightening.

II. (c) to call for help.

III. On hearing the vultures, the writer arrives at the conclusion that there must be bodies around.

IV. They would have helped him.

V. ‘But I was not disheartened’

Position of the image: Beyond 2F 

Characteristic of the image: Inverted 

Size of the image: Bigger than the object

Position of the image: At the infinity

Characteristic of the image: Inverted

Size of the image: Big

Position of the image: On the same side of the object

Characteristic of the image: direct image 

Size of the image: Big in size

 a. u = -25cm

b. v = + 100cm

c. OB = +1cm

d. IM = -4 cm

a. i. Convex lens 

ii. Concave lens 

b. Convex lens. Object will be at 2F.