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\(\int\limits_0^1\frac{x}{1+x}dx\)

 = \(\int\limits_0^1\frac{1+x-1}{1+x}dx\) 

 =  \(\int\limits_0^1(1+\frac{1}{1+x})dx\)

 = \( [x - log(1 + x)]_0^1\) 

 = (1 - 0) -(log 2 - log 1)

 = 1 - log 2 = log e - log 2

 = log(e/2)

Computation of total income and tax liability:

Step 1: Compute the income of an individual under 5 heads of income on the basis of his residential status.

Step 2: Income of any other person, if includible under section 60 to 64, will be included under respective heads. 

Step 3: Set off of the losses if permissible, while aggregating the income under 5 heads of income. 

Step 4: Carry forward and set off of the losses of the past years, if permissible, from such income. 

Step 5: The income computed under step 1 to 4 is known as Gross Total Income from which deductions under section 80C to 80U (Chapter VIA) will be allowed. However, no deduction under these sections will be allowed from short term capital gain covered under section 111 A, any long term capital gain and winning of lotteries etc., though these incomes are part of gross total in come.

Step 6: The balance income after allowing the deductions is known as total income which will be rounded off to the nearest Rs. 10. 

Step7: Compute tax on such total income at the prescribed rates of tax. 

Step 8: Add education cess and secondary and higher education cess @4%. Step9:Allow relief under section 89, if any.

Step10: Deduct the TDS and advance tax paid for the relevant assessment year. The balance is the net tax payable which must be rounded off to the nearest Rs. 10. This tax has to be paid as self-assessment tax before submitting the income tax return.

d. Goods in Process Inventory

Goods in Process Inventory account would be debited in recording a materials requisition for direct materials.

d. Driver

Daily log sheet is filled up by driver.

The threshold limits varied from state to state. Under the system of GST,thethresholdlimitisRs.20lakh(Rs.10lakhfornortheasternstates,Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Himachal Pradesh)

The provisions regarding deduction of tax at source are as follows:

Driver fills the Daily log sheet?

A return is a document, which is filed by the taxpayer according to law with the tax Administrative authorities. Under Goods and Service Tax law a normal taxpayer will be Required to furnish three returns monthly and one annual return.

i) It is due to nature of products like pilferage, dryness etc. 

ii) Normal loss is beyond human control. It can’t be avoided.

Self-motivation is important because 

• It increases individual's energy and activity. 
• It directs an individual towards specific goals. 
• It results in initiation and persistence of specific activities, thus keeps him/her active. 
• It affects cognitive processes and learning strategies used by individual for completing similar tasks.

1. Who can claim: Offshore Banking Unit/ International financial services Centre 

2. Nature of deduction: Income from

i) Offshore Banking Unit in SEZ.

ii) Business with an undertaking locatedin SEZ. 

iii) Any Unit of ISC from its business. 

3. Amount of Deduction: 100% of such income for 5 years, 50% such income for next 5 years.

The cell potential, Ecell, is the measure of the potential difference between two half cells in an electrochemical cell. The potential difference is caused by the ability of electrons to flow from one half cell to the other.

The Act has provided rebate for the tax payable by an assessee, if the following conditions are satisfied: 

i) The assessee is an individual, 

ii) He is resident in India, 

iii) His total income does not exceed Rs. 3,50,000

Rajasthan leads in terms of installed capacity of solar energy.

E. None of these

He classified in group of three such that atomic No. of middle elements is average of first and third element.
Eg: Li(7), Na(23), K(39).

Limitations:

(i) Dobereiner could find only three triads, i.e., total of 9 elements only.

(ii) However the total number of elements were more than that of those encompassed in Dobereiner’s triad.

(iii) Thus Dobereiner could not classify most of the elements known at that time.

C. perpendicular to each other 

A. rate of change of position with time 

a) Mg has smaller atomic size due to high nuclear charge (Na → 2, 8, 1; Mg → 2, 8, 2)

b) Na would be more electro positive because it can lose the valance electron more easily.

c) Na belongs to group 1 and Mg belong to group 2 as Na contains 1 and Mg contains 2 valence electron.

C. rate of change of velocity with time

Speed is a scalar quantity.

Correct option: a) cost plus

1. The size of the job is generally large. 

2. A contract may take more than one year to complete. 

3. The work on the contract is carried out at the site of the contract. 

4. Each contract is considered to represent a cost unit. 

5. A separate contract account is prepared in the books of the contractor for each contract. 

6. Material is specifically purchased for the contract. 

7. Labour and other expenses are direct in nature. 

8. Plant and equipment may be purchased or hired for the contract. 

9. Payments to the contractor by the contractee are made at various stages of completion.

The important renewable energy sources are Solar energy and Hydro energy.

The following are the features of contract costing: 

1) A contract usually takes more than one year to complete. 

2) The work on the contract is carried out at the site of the contract. 

3) Each contract is considered to represent a cost unit. 

4) A separate contract account is prepared in the books of the contractor for each contract. 

5) Payments to the contractor by the contra ctee are made at various stages of completion.

Renewable source:

The sources of energy which can never be finished and are continuously produced in nature are known as renewable sources of energy.

Ex: wind, the sun, biogas, hydropower etc.

Non-renewable sources:

The sources of energy which are exhaustable and take lots of time to be formed again are known as non-renewable source of energy.

For ex: coal, natural gas petroleum etc.

In the case of contract costing, overhead constitute an insignificant part of the total cost of contract account, such cost may be apportioned on suitable basis and Debited to the contract account.

Communication skills help the workers to improve the production. the statement is true.

True, Batch costing is suitable for pharmaceutical industry‟.

The amount of urine produced is regulated by reabsorption of water and some of the dissolved substances into the blood through blood capillaries surrounded by the tables of neuphrons. The amount of urine produced depends upon how much excess water is present in the body and how much of dissolved salts are to be excreted.

Self-motivation is important because 

• It increases individual’s energy and activity. 
• It directs an individual towards specific goals. 
• It results in initiation and persistence of specific activities, thus keeps him/her active. 
• It affects cognitive processes and learning strategies used by individual for completing similar tasks.

A batch refers to the bunch of identical items of products or components. Batch Costing is defined as “that form of specific order costing which applies where similar articles are manufactured in batches either for sale or for use within the undertaking”.

Batch costing is used in Toy industry, shoe manufacturing industry, readymade garment industry, pharmaceutical industry etc.

Operating is kind of costing is adopted in hospitals?

There are millions of thin walled air sacs called alveoli in the lungs. The presence of these alveoli provides a large area for exchange of gases the availability of large surface area maximises the exchange of gases for example if all the alveoli from two human beings are unfolded they would give an area of about 80 square metres.

“Operating Costing” as that form of costing which applies in case of standardized service offering by an undertaking or by a service cost Centre within that undertaking. The various cost associated with the operations of services for a particular period are ascertained and grouped under appropriate heads.

“Hospitals do not use the operating costing”. the statement is False.

Operating costing is concerned with the ascertainment of operating cost for rendering a unit of service. It is a method of costing for the enterprises producing services rather than tangible commodities. 

Major Service organizations that use operating costing are: 

1. Transport Companies 

2. Electricity Companies

Following are the major methods of apportioning the joint costs to various joint products:

1) Market Price Method 

2) Unit Method 

3) Reverse Cost method or working backward method 

4) Survey Method Valid explanation of any two required.

Purely financial charge – examples 

a) Loss on sale of capital assets 

b) Discount on bonds, debenture etc. 

c) Loss on investment 

d) Interest on bank loans and mortgages. 

e) Fines and penalties 

f) Provision for bad and doubtful debt 

g) Amount written off, goodwill, discount on debentures, preliminary expenses 

h) Loss due to theft, pilferage, etc

Few items which are purely financial charge, which are only recorded in Cost accounting and few items which are common in both financial records and cost records are as under:

Purely financial charge – examples:

a) Loss on sale of capital assets 

b) Discount on bonds, debenture etc. 

c) Loss on investment 

d) Interest on bank loans and mortgages. 

e) Fines and penalties 

f) Provision for bad and doubtful debt 

g) Amount written off, goodwill, discount on debentures, preliminary expenses 

h) Loss due to theft, pilferage, etc.

Items shown only in cost accounts:

a) Notional rent, i.e., charges on owned premises. 

b) Notional salaries 

c) Depreciation on fully depreciated assets still in use.

Items shown in both cost accounting and financial accounting:

a) Depreciation on Plant and Machinery, Depreciation on office equipment etc. 

b) Factory rent, 

c) Salary of clerks, 

d) Salesman Commission etc.

Sol. In Process I, transfer to process II is RS 36,000 @ RS 1 per unit

In Process II, finished goods produced RS 56,250 @ RS 1.5 per unit.

You are required to calculate the prime cost. 

Prime cost = (2,500 + 1,500 + 2,900 + 700)-200 = RS 7,400

Reconciliation statement is prepared to find out the causes of disagreement between profits shown by cost accounts and financial accounts.

Purely financial charge – examples

a) Loss on sale of capital assets 

b) Discount on bonds, debenture etc. 

c) Loss on investment 

d) Interest on bank loans and mortgages. 

e) Fines and penalties 

f) Provision for bad and doubtful debt 

g) Amount written off, goodwill, discount on debentures, preliminary expenses 

h) Loss due to theft, pilferage, etc.

Subcomponents are:

Prime Cost, Factory cost, Office cost and Cost of sales.

The total cost has been divided into sub components representing the cost at various stages. 

Following are the various components of cost shown in the cost sheet or production account:

1. Prime Cost: Prime cost is also named as “Direct Cost”, “Flat Cost”, “Basic Cost” or “First Cost”. It is the summation of all direct costs relating to production, i.e. direct material, direct labour and direct expenses. 

2. Factory Cost: Factory cost is also named as “Work Cost”, “Manufacturing Cost” or “Production Cost”. It is the summation of prime cost and factory overheads that includes indirect material, indirect labour and indirect expenses of factory. Factory cost includes all the direct cost relating to product and the indirect cost relating to factory. 

3. Office Cost: Office Cost is also named as “Cost of Production” or “Administration Cost”. Office cost is the summation of factory or work cost and office & administrative overheads. Any cost related to sales and distribution is not the part of office and administrative cost as they form a separate category. This total cost of production is adjusted with the opening and closing stock of finished goods to get the cost of goods sold. 

4. Cost of Sales: It is also named as “Total Cost”. It is derived by adding selling and distribution overheads to the cost of goods sold.

Group – I (Leptin, Amylase, Pepsin)

B, C vitamins.