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b. Rangabhumi : Prem Chand

Mahajanapadas

(b)  Hinduism.

Vardhaman Mahavira-24th Jain trithankara

The correct answer is Gopalganj.

• Gopalganj has registered the highest sex ratio with 1015 females against 1000 males in 2011.
• On the other hand, Bhagalpur and Munger districts have recorded the lowest sex ratio at 879 females per 1000 males.

• As per 2011 Census:
  • Population of Bihar- 103,804,637
• Rate of Increase in Population- 25.07%
  • ​Male- 5,41,85,357
  • Female- 4,96,19,290
• Literacy Rate in Bihar- 63.82%
  • Male- 73.39%
  • Female- 53.33%
  • Highest Literacy Rate in Bihar- 75.59% in Rohtas.
  • Lowest Literacy rate in Bihar- 52.49% in Purnia.
  • Highest Female literacy rate in Bihar- 65.53% in Munger.
  • Lowest Female literacy Rate in Bihar- 42.73% in Saharsa.
  • Highest Male literacy rate in Bihar- 85.29% in Rohtas.
  • Lowest Male literacy Rate in Bihar- 60.99% in Katihar.
• Sex Ratio(Female/Thousand male)- 916

The correct answer is 4 only.

Warli Paintings:

• Warli tribals of Thane district in Maharashtra decorate their house walls with paintings depicting their lives: planting saplings, carrying grain, dancing, traveling to the market, and other routine activities of their daily lives. Hence pair 4 is not correct.
• Symbols of the sun, moon, and stars along with plants, animals, insects, and birds show their belief in the integration of all forms of life.
• Rice paste is used with red ochre powder to tell stories and to invoke the blessings of their goddess of fertility, Palaghata.
• The paintings bear a close resemblance to the Bimbhetka paintings.

Thanjavur Paintings:

• It is a classical painting style that emerged from the town of Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu dated back to 1600 AD. Hence pair 2 is correct.
• Characteristics of Thanjavur paintings:
  • It is distinguished by its famous gold coating.
  • The main colors are red, yellow, black, and white.
  • Later the paintings were executed on the glass. The glass paintings are colored from outside inwards.
  • The theme of most paintings is Hindu gods, goddesses, and saints.

Madhubani Paintings: 

• Mithila painting, popularly known as Madhubani art is from the district of the same name in Bihar and is now well-known all over the world. Hence pair 1 is correct.
• Characteristics of Madhubani Paintings:
  • The tribal motifs and use of bright earthy colors.
  • It includes geometrical patterns, floral, animal, and bird motifs.
  • The colors from natural extracts from plants and other natural sources are used.
  • The return of Ram from exile and Krishna playing with gopis are the preferred subject matter.

Bani Thani:

• Bani Thani is a miniature painting by Nihal Chand from the Marwar school of Kishangarh. Hence pair 3 is correct.
• It was patronized by king Sawant Singh.
• Bani Thani is characterized by idealized distinct features:
  • arched eyebrows,
  • lotus-like elongated eyes,
  • pointed chin,
  • a highly idealized facial form reminiscent of Indian sculpture art.

(b) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq

The correct answer is Lahore.

• Jahangir was buried in Lahore.
• The tomb is located across the River Ravi in Shahdara Bagh, northwest of the Walled City of Lahore in Punjab province in Pakistan.

Jahangir (AD 1605 - 1627)

• In 1605, Prince Salim succeeded with the title Jahangir (Conqueror of World) when he assumed the throne after the death of Akbar.
• He issued 12 ordinances.
• He is known for his strict administration of justice.
• He established Zanjir-i-Adil (chain of justice) at Agra for the seekers of royal justice.
• He was the eldest son of Akbar was born at Fatehpur Sikri near Agra in 1569.
• In 1611, he married Mehr-un-Nisa whom he gave the title of Nur Jahan (light of the world).
• He defeated and imprisoned his son, Khusrau Mirza.
• He also beheaded Guru Arjun, the 5^th Sikh Guru and one of the supporters of Khusrau Mirza.
• Captain Hawkins (1608-1611) and Sir Thomas Roe (1615-1616) visited Jahangir's court.
• Production of Tobacco started in his reign.
• He wrote his autobiography Tuzuk-i-Jahangir.
• He died in 1627.

• Babur was buried at Aram Bagh in Agra and later his body was taken to Kabul and his tomb is at Kabul.
• Humayun was buried in Delhi.
• Akbar was buried at Sikandara near Agra.
• Shahjahan was buried at Taj Mahal (Agra) besides his loving life Mumtaz Mahal.
• Aurangzeb was buried at Khuldabad (Daulatabad).

The correct answer is Affordable and clean energy.

• The Millenium development goal is the eight international development goals for the year 2015 which was established following the Millenium Summit of the United Nations in 2000 following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
• The following are the eight-millennium development goal:
  • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  • Achieve universal primary education
  • Promote gender equality and empower women
  • Reduce child mortality
  • Improve maternal health
  • Combat HIV (Human Immuno  Virus)/ AIDS ( Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome), malaria, and other diseases
  • Ensure environmental sustainability
  • Develop a global partnership for development.

The correct answer is Hubli.

• The length of the southwestern railway is 3,566 Kilometers and it came into existence on 1st April 2003.

The correct answer is South Western Railway.

• South Western Railways Zone has introduced biodiesel for trains, operating under its zone. 
• South Western Railways Zone is headquarters in Hubli, Karnataka. 
• First train Hubballi-Bengaluru Janshatabdi Express powered by 5% biodiesel blended with High-Speed Diesel was flagged off from Hubli.
• Indian Railways initially attempted blending of High-Speed Diesel (HSD) with Bio-Diesel extracted from the Jatropha plant. Jatropha oil had been used in India as biodiesel in remote rural and forest communities; Jatropha oil can be used directly after extraction i.e. without refining in diesel generators and engines. 
• Indian Railways have also set up an Indian Railways Organization for Alternate Fuels (IROAF) to promote Bio-Diesels and other environmentally benign alternate fuels.
• Bio-Diesel is a type of fuel that provides energy for cleaner alternatives as sustainable fuel for diesel locomotives and reduces dependency on fossil fuel especially diesel.

• The management and governance of the Indian Railway are in the hands of the Railway Board.
• The Indian Railway network is divided into 18 zones.

• The Konkan Railway is operated by the Konkan Railway Corporation- is a Union Government Company. Its headquarters is in Navi Mumbai.
• "Train-18" also known as Vande Bharat Express is India's first indigenously designed higher-speed rail intercity electric multiple units made under the Indian government's Make in India initiative.
• The first rail in India was started on 16 April 1853, from Bombay to Thane.

(b) South-Central-Hyderabad