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H.No.: 242/7B, 

Komaravallipadu. 

20. 03. 20xx.

Dear Shashank, 

I am safe here and I hope the same with you. I am studying well and I hope the same with you. 

Now, I would like to invite you to come to my village in Dasara vacation and spend at least a week in my village. Ours is a family of six members – grandparents, my parents, me and my younger sister. My grandparents are very friendly and looking after our fields and cattle. My father is a high school teacher. My mother is a house-wife. She takes care of us very much. My sister studies in class V in our village. Ours is a very beautiful village. There are a lot of places worth watching in our village. Beautiful green fields, ancient Lord Shiva’s temple and running streams and some others are worth watching. My mother will prepare delicious dishes for us.

We are looking forward to seeing you, Convey my regards to your parents and my best wishes to your little sister. Awaiting your arrival ……

Yours lovingly, 

xxxxxx

Address on the Envelope: 

To 

C. Shashank, 

S/o C. Ravi Prakash, 

D. No. 18 – 208, 

Nagaram Town 

Keesara Mandal, 

Hyderabad. 

PIN: 500001.

Given:

The given expression is (7xy/z – 3yx/z + 2yxz^-1)

Concept Used:

Concept of divisibility

Calculation:

The given expression can be written as (7xy/z – 3yx/z + 2yxz^-1) = (7xy/z – 3yx/z + 2yx/z) = (7xy/z –yx/z) = (6xy/z)

Now, the whole term is multiple of 6

∴ (6xy/z) is divisible by 2, 3 and 6

Hence, option (4) is correct

Correct option is (B) 2√3

16 sin20° sin 40° sin 80° 

= 16 sin 40° sin 20° sin 80° 

= 4(4 sin (60 – 20) sin (20) sin (60 + 20)) 

= 4 × sin (3 × 20°) 

[\(\therefore\) sin 3θ = 4 sin(60 –θ) × sin θ × sin (60 + θ)] 

= 4 × sin 60°

 = 4 x √3/2 = 2√3

Ans. (b) synapse

The insulin hormone controls the metabolism of sugar. When the pancreas does not produce and secrete sufficient amount of insulin into the blood, then the sugar level in the blood rises. Therefore, the patient excretes sugar (glucose) in urine, feels excessive thirst and also uninates excessively. The people having severe diabetes are treated by giving injections of insulin.

As we go from left to right in a period, the metallic character decreases, because of the addition of'an electron in the same energy shell each time. So, attraction between the nucleus and the electrons in the outermost shell increases. Thus, tendency to lose an electron decreases and metallic character decreases.

Reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus which is not under the voluntary control of the brain.

(i) When iodine intake is low release of thyroxine from thyroid gland will be less by which protein, carbohydrate and fat metabolisms will be affected.
(ii) A person might suffer from goitre in case of iodine deficiency in the body

It is due to turgor pressure difference between the upper and lower halves of the base of petiole (pulvinirs). Lower half cells lose water and upper half cells of pulvinus become turgid due to transfer of water from lower cells. Thus, the entire leaf droops down when touched

The endocrine glands are as follow:
(a ) Pineal gland
(b) Pituitary gland
(c) Thyroid gland
(d)Thymus

The correct answer is Jamshedpur.

• Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was founded by Jamsetji Tata and established by Dorabji Tata on 26 August 1907.
• TISCO is located in Jamshedpur, Jharkhand.
• TISCO started pig iron production in 1911 and began producing steel in 1912 as a branch of Jamsetji's Tata Group.

• The Bhilai Steel Plant was established in 1955 with the help of the USSR.
• Durgapur Steel Plant is one of the integrated steel plants of Steel Authority of India Limited, located in Durgapur, West Bengal.
  • It was set up with the help of the United Kingdom.
• Rourkela Steel Plant (RSP), the first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India, was set up with German collaboration with an installed capacity of 1 million tonnes.

The correct answer is the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Govt. of India.

• Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
• The recipient(s) is/are selected by a committee constituted by the Ministry and are honored for their "spectacular and most outstanding performance in the field of sports over a period of four years" at the international level.

Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award:

• This award was instituted in 1991-92.
• Chess Grandmaster Viswanathan Anand was the first recipient of this award.
• The winner of the Khel Ratna Award gets a reward of 25 lac rupees.
• This award is given annually to those sportspersons who make the country proud at international events. 

•  The National Sports Day is celebrated on August 29, the birth anniversary of hockey wizard Dhyan Chand.

The correct answer is Stree Nidhi.

• Streenidhi Mahila Bank
  • Stree Nidhi credit cooperative Federation Ltd. was promoted by the Government of Andhra Pradesh(AP) and Mandala Mahila Samakhyas to provide Livelihood Finance to SHG women.
  • Stree Nidhi is a flagship programme of the Government of AP.
  • Stree Nidhi provides timely and affordable credit to the poor. SHG women as a part of the overall strategy of SERP for poverty alleviation.

• SHGs are comfortable accessing hassle-free credit from Stree Nidhi as and when they require and therefore do not see any need to borrow from other sources at usurious rates of interest.
• Stree Nidhi is in a position to extend credit to the SHG women even in far-flung areas of the state within 48 hours to meet credit needs for Livelihood activities.
• As credit availability is linked to the grading of MS and VOs, the community is keen to improve the functioning of the same to access the higher amount of credit limits from Stree Nidhi.

The correct answer is Gangeydev.

• Gangeyadeva was a ruler of the Kalachuri dynasty of Tripuri in central India.
• His kingdom was centered around the Chedi or Dahala region in present-day Madhya Pradesh.

• The word 'Parmar' means 'one who kills the enemy'.
  According to Prithviraj Raso of Chandrabardai, the origin of the Parmar is from the fire.
• In Udaipur Prasasti, Pingal Sutravruti, Tejpal inscription, Parmaro has been described as Brahman Kshatrakulin.
• Upendra, Munj, Udyaditya were the rulers of the Paramara dynasty.

The correct answer is Bamboo.

• NEW SYSTEM FOR TRADING OF PULPWOOD
  • A new system of Trading of Subabul, Eucalyptus, and Casuarina in the state has been introduced as per the guidelines issued by the Government vide G.O.RT.No. 143 Dated: 19-02-2016. Following is the system:
    • Paper Mills shall purchase at identified Weigh Bridges only. Weigh Bridges will be identified by a Committee consisting of the Secretary of AMC, A.D. Marketing, and J.D. Marketing concerned.
      • Weighment shall be done in the presence of the farmers, representatives Paper mills & AMCs.
    • Crop details of Subabul/ Eucalyptus/ Casuarina recorded in WEB LAND through E- Crop Booking will be the basis for allowing the sale. In the absence of web land details, farmer shall produce a certificate issued by the Revenue authorities for allowing the sale
    • Weighment slip and sales slip shall be prepared in quadruplicate duly signed by a farmer, representatives of Paper Mill & AMC.
      • Subabul assistant shall issue Kata Chitta based on the weighment slip which shall be quadruplicate, first copy to the paper mill, second copy to the AMC, third copy to the farmer, and fourth copy remain in the Kata Chitta book.

​​ 

• Following District Level committee will fix the rates from time to time and monitor the system of trading of Subabul, Eucalyptus and Casuarina
  • District Collector                          –  Chairman
  • District Forest Officer (Social Forestry)  –  Member
  • Joint Director of Agriculture              –  Member
  • Transport Officer                         –     Member
  • Asst., Director of Marketing               –  Member/Convener
  • Two representatives from farmers           –  Members (to be nominated by the Committee)
  • Separate software for transactions of Subabul/ Eucalyptus/ Casuarina has been developed at the state level.​

The Correct Answer is Pakistan.

• Gujarat shares its border with Pakistan.
• The state is bounded primarily by Pakistan to the northwest and by the Indian states of Rajasthan to the north, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and Maharashtra to the southeast.
• Gujarat also shares a small segment of its southeastern border with the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, and, together with the Arabian Sea, it surrounds the territory of Daman and Diu. 
• Indian states that share borders with Pakistan are Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Punjab.

The correct answer is 1 only.

•  The Hindustan Socialist Republic Association (HSRA) was established by Chandrashekhar Azad and his colleagues in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.

• Chandrashekhar Azad was born on 23rd July 1906 in Bhavra village of Madhya Pradesh. 
• He joined the non-cooperation movement at the age of 15 and was arrested because he participated in the movement.
• When produced by the magistrate, he proudly announced his name as ‘Azad’, his father’s name as ‘Swatantrata’ and his place of dwelling as ‘Jail’.
  • It was then given the name ‘Azad’.
• He was disappointed when Gandhi withdrew the non-cooperation movement owing to the violence at Chauri Chaura.
• He joined the Hindustan Republican Association after the suspension of the non-cooperation movement. 
• He was associated with the Kakori conspiracy which was the Kakori train robbery conducted by Hindustan Republican Association in 1925.  Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• The Hindustan Socialist Republic Association was established by Chandrashekhar Azad and his colleagues in 1928 at Feroz Shah Kotla, New Delhi. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• He was involved in the shooting of J P Saunders in 1928.
• He was involved in the 1926 attempt to blow the viceroy train and Saunder's shooting in 1928.

The correct answer is Nagara, Vesara and Dravida.

• Two broad orders of temples in the country are known:-
  1. Nagara styles of temple architecture in North India. 
  2. Dravida styles of temple architecture in South India. 
• The Vesara style of temples as an independent style created through the selective mixing of the Nagara and Dravida orders is mentioned by some scholars. 
• Hence Nagara, Vesara and Dravida is the correct answer.

• The basic form of the Hindu temple comprises the following:
  • A cave-like sanctum (Garbhagriha literally ‘womb house), which, in the early temples, was a small cubicle with a single entrance and grew into a larger chamber in time.
  • The Garbhagriha is made to house the main icon which is itself the focus of much ritual attention.
  • The entrance to the temple may be a portico or colonnaded hall that incorporates space for a large number of worshippers and is known as a Mandapa.
  • From the fifth century CE onwards, freestanding temples tend to have a mountainlike spire, which can take the shape of a curving Shikhar in North India, and a pyramidal tower, called a vimana, in South India.
  • At the top of the temple, Kalasha or Sikhara has been placed.
  • The Vahan, i.e., the mount or vehicle of the temple’s main deity along with a standard pillar or Ahvaz is placed axially before the sanctum.

The correct answer is Odissi.

• The noted dancer Ranjana Gauhar is an exponent of the Odissi dance style.

• Ranjana Gauhar was honored with the Padmashree Award in 2003 for her outstanding services in the field of Odissi Dance.
• She is also a winner of the National Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
• Odissi:
  • Odissi is one of the famous classical Indian dances from the Odisha state.
  • The rulers of this region built magnificent temples, which became the center of art and culture.
  • It was around these temples that Odissi, one of India’s scintillating dance-forms was born, nurtured, and nourished.
  • The Mahari's, who were originally temple dancers, came to be employed in royal courts, which resulted in the degeneration of the art form.
  • Around this time, a class of boys called gotipuas was trained in art.
  • Facial expressions, hand gestures, and body movements are used to suggest a certain feeling, an emotion, or one of the nine rasas.

• Kathak is the classical dance of Uttar Pradesh.
  • Kathak is said to be derived from the word ‘katha’, meaning ‘the art of storytelling.
• Bharatnatyam is the classical dance of Tamil Nadu.
  • The Bharatnatyam dance flourished in the Hindu temples of South India.
• Kuchipudi is the classical dance of Andhra Pradesh.
  • It derives its name from the Kuchipudi village of Andhra Pradesh.

• The painting ‘Sati’ visualized the dilemma of a woman who was forced to commit Sati. 
• This painting touched Indian hearts and stimulated protest against the social evils.
• An attitude to eradicate discrimination against women.

The correct answer is Jhabua.

• Azad was born in a small Madhya Pradesh village of Bhavra in Jhabua district.
• on July 23, 1906, Young Azad was terribly moved by the Britishers killing thousands of innocent Indians at Jhalianwala Baug in Punjab. 
• He wholeheartedly plunged into the freedom struggle. He was arrested for his protests against the British rulers.
• A fearless comrade-in-arms of Bhagat Singh, Rajguru, and Sukhdev, Azad was killed in an encounter with the Britishers at Alfred Park in Allahabad.

The correct answer is Option 2.

The correct answer is Major Dhyanchand Vijay Path Scheme.

• “Major Dhyan Chand Vijaypath Yojana” has been launched by the Uttar Pradesh government.
• Under this scheme, 19 international players from the state of Uttar Pradesh will get road connectivity to their houses.

Names of few players are:

• Indian pacer Bhuvneshwar Kumar,
• Former pacer Praveen Kumar,
• Piyush Chawla
• Mohammad Kaif.

• More players will be added to the scheme in the coming future.
• Major Dhyan Chand was an Indian field hockey player.
• He was widely regarded as the greatest in the history of the sport.
• He earned three Olympic gold medals(1928, 1932, and 1936).

The correct answer is Ganjan Singh Korku.

• Ganjan Singh Korku led the Jungle Satyagrih in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh.

• Jungle Satyagrih was proposed by the Indian Congress Committee on 9^th August 1930.
  • Jungle Satyagrih started in Madhya Pradesh at Turiya (Seoni) and Ghoda Dongri (Betul).
  • In Betul Jungle Satyagrih was led by Ganjan Singh Korku along with Banjari Singh Korku.

• Lohar Senapati led Jungle Satyagrih in Turiya village of Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh.
  • Turiya has situated 28 Km away from district Seoni.
  • Four-person was killed while protesting during Jungle Satya Grih at Turiya.
• Maganlal Oswal was killed while he was protesting against the British Army at Sarafa Market at Indore.
  • This protest was called Sarafa Scandal of Indore.

The correct answer is 1822.

• During the Maratha period and at the beginning of the British rule, Betul or Betul Bazar was the district Headquarters of Betul district.
• It was the year 1822 when the District Headquarters was shifted to Badnur from Betul bazaar.
• Badnur is also known as Badnur Dhana.

The Correct Answer is 1995.

• The Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC) launched the Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) on 1st April 1995.
• The aim of this scheme was to generate two million jobs under the KVI sector in the rural areas of the country.
• The objectives were
  • Generation and expansion of employment opportunities in rural and urban areas across the country.
  • Establishment and generation of micro-enterprises for employment.
  • Smooth and easy flow of credit to the micro sector by facilitating the participation of financial institutions.
  • To increase the need for raw materials generated by small scale industries to high scale industries. 

• The Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is a statutory body formed by the Government of India, under the Act of Parliament, 'Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956'.
• It is an apex organisation under the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, with regard to khadi and village industries within India.

The correct answer is 1992-93.

• The Gandharva award was found in the year 1992- 93 by the Department of Culture, Madhya Pradesh, 
• The award was started on the name of Kumar Gandharva who was a famous Hindustani classical singer from Dewas district of Madhya Pradesh who died in 1992.

The correct answer is 2009.

• NRDWP was objective of ensuring the provision of safe and adequate drinking, cooking water supply on a sustainable basis, with a minimum water quality standard, which should be conventionally accessible at all times and in all situations.
• The National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) is a centrally sponsored schemed with 50:50 fund sharing between the Centre and the state Government.
• NRDWP program was launched after merging the three erstwhile programs on Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme-ARWSP, Swajaldhara and National Rural Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance.
• Water is a state subject and rural water supply has been included in the Eleventh Schedule of the constitution among the subject that may be entrusted to panchayat by states.

• In 2015, the top 3 scheme was launched by the Indian Government Atal Pension Yojana, Unnat Jeevan by Affordable LEDs and Appliances for All(UJALA), Digital India.
• In 2018, the scheme was launched by the Indian Government Ayushman Bharat and it is a health protection scheme to provide health insurance coverage up to Rs. 5 lakh on a family floater basis of beneficiaries every year in order to receive primary, secondary and tertiary healthcare services.
• Mahatma Gandhi Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was launched in 2006.
• Aims of this scheme enhance the livelihood and security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

The correct answer is Italy.

• Italy has the largest number of world heritage sites.
• Itlay has a total of 55 and 6 shared heritage sites.
• UNESCO Headquarter: Paris, France

• China's total heritage sites - 55 ( one share heritage site)
• Itlay's total heritage sites - 55
• France's total heritage sites - 45
• Spain's total heritage sites - 48
• India's total heritage sites- 40

• The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity.
• This is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by UNESCO in 1972.
• UNESCO's World Heritage mission is to:
  • Encourage countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and cultural heritage;
  • Encourage States Parties to the Convention to nominate sites within their national territory for inclusion on the World Heritage List;
  • Encourage States Parties to establish management plans and set up reporting systems on the state of conservation of their World Heritage sites;
  • Help States Parties safeguard World Heritage properties by providing technical assistance and professional training;
  • Provide emergency assistance for World Heritage sites in immediate danger;
  • Support States Parties' public awareness-building activities for World Heritage conservation;
  • Encourage participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage;
  • Encourage international cooperation in the conservation of our world's cultural and natural heritage.
• World Heritage Sites located in 167 States Parties (countries that have adhered to the World Heritage Convention, including the non-member state of the Holy See), of which 869 are cultural, 213 are natural and 39 are mixed properties.
• The countries have been divided by the World Heritage Committee into five geographic zones: Africa, Arab States, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and North America, and Latin America and the Caribbean. Italy and China have the highest number of World Heritage Sites, both with 55 entries. 

The Correct Answer is Only b.

• The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) is a division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare that provides leadership to HIV/AIDS control programs in India through 35 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Societies. Hence Statement 1 is Not Correct.
• The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), launched in 1992, is being implemented as a comprehensive program for the prevention and control of HIV/ AIDS in India. Hence Statement 2 is Correct.

NACP - IV - Objectives

• Reduce new infections by 50% (2007 Baseline of NACP III)
• Provide comprehensive care and support to all persons living with HIV/AIDS and treatment services for all those who require it.

• World AIDS Day takes place on 1 December each year.

Correct option is A) some

The correct answer is Punjab.

• Bhaṅgṛa is a type of traditional dance that originated in Sialkot in the Majha area of Punjab.
• Lavani, Nakata, Koli, Lezim, Gafa, Dahikala Dasavtar dances are famous in Maharashtra.
• Ghumar, Chakri, Ganagor, Jhulan Leela, Jhuma, Suisini, Ghapal are famous dance forms of Rajasthan.

• Savari, Ghumara, Painka, Munari are famous Odisha dance forms.
• Hojagiri is a dance form of Tripura state.
• Garhwali, Kumayuni, Kajari, Jhora, Raslila are dance form of Uttarakhand.
• Nautanki, Raslila, Kajri, Jhora, Chappeli are dance forms of Uttar Pradesh.

The correct answer is Rajasthan.

• Kalbelia is a dance form of Rajasthan.
• The dance reflects the culture of the state.

• Both men and women perform in this dance.
• In ancient times, kalbelia community changed its location frequently.
• Catching snakes and trading snake venoms are the traditional occupations of the kalbelia community.
• The costumes of kalbelia dance look somewhere similar to serpents.
• Sapera and yogi also participate in this.
• This community is found in a large number in the pali district.
• In cane baskets, cobras are carried in a traditional basket by men in old times.
• There is a negative impact on the occupation of the kalbelia community after the passing of the wildlife protection act 1972.

The correct answer is Both 1 and 3.

• Tamasha is the popular dance form of Marathi musical theatre.
• It is often performed with singing and dancing, by local or travelling theatre groups within the state of Maharashtra, India.

• Other dance forms, given in option:
  • Lavani: Lavani is a combination of traditional song and dance, which particularly performed to the beats of Dholki. It a popular art form in Maharashtra.
  • Nautanki: Nautanki is a popular folk performance form of art that is famous in South Asia, particularly in northern India. 
  • Gatha: It is a Sanskrit term for "song" or "verse" or "story" especially referring to some legends, and is not part of the Vedas but peculiar to either Epic Sanskrit or to Prakrit. 
• Basic information about Maharashtra:
  • Chief Minister: Uddhav Thackeray
  • Governor: Bhagat Singh Koshyari 
  • State Foundation Day: 1 May
  • State Animal: Indian giant squirrel
  • State Bird: Yellow-footed green pigeon
  • State flower: Pride of India/Jarul 

55, Gandhi Nagar,

Lal Bag

Jhansi (UP)

November 07, 2012

My dear Uncle,

Many thanks for the precious gift you parceled me which I received yesterday on my birthday. I celebrated my birth day at home with my family members and some close friends. I expected you at the time but I knew that due to some your own problems you couldn’t come. I liked your present too much because it was my longing to have a nice wrist watch. It was my great demand that was fulfilled by you. I also read your message that you tagged on it “Be punctual and make best use of your time.”

Uncle, believe me I’ll follow your advice and make the best use of my time like watch. Please convey my respect to Aunty and love to Mohan.

Thank you once again.

Yours affectionate Nephew

Ramesh

Correct option is A) him

20th December 2018 

 Patna 

Respected Uncle, 

I received your letter and gift that you have sent me on my birthday. I became surprised and very happy to see my birthday gift. The wrist watch that you have sent looks very beautiful. All my friends have liked it very much. 

Dear uncle, I was badly in need of a watch. I was often late for school and I had to pay some fine every month. I am sure this watch will prove useful to me. It will stand me in good stead during the examination days. I shall keep it with care as a token of your love for me. I once again thank you for this nice present. 

Please give my kind regards to aunt. 

Yours loving son 

 Abhinav 

March 10, 2020.

New Delhi

My dear Uncle,

I received your letter and gift parcel yesterday which you sent me on my birthday. I got many gifts from my friends but yours is the best of all. It is a wrist watch. It will make me punctual. It will remind me the value of time. I thank you for this gift.

Please convey my regards to dear Aunt.

Yours affectionately,

Rahul

The correct answer is A.

• Rani-ki-Vav is located on the banks of the Saraswati River in Patan.
• It is an exceptional example of a distinctive form of subterranean water architecture of the Indian subcontinent, the stepwell.
• Buland Darwaza, or the "Door of victory", was built in 1602 A.D. by Mughal emperor Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.
  • It is the main entrance to the Jama Masjid at Fatehpur Sikri, which is 43 km from Agra, India.
  • Buland Darwaza is the highest gateway in the world and is an example of Mughal architecture.
• This Humayun tomb, built-in 1570, is of particular cultural significance as it was the first garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent.
  • It inspired several major architectural innovations, culminating in the construction of the Taj Mahal.
• Golconda Fort is located in the western part of Hyderabad city and is about 9 km from Hussain Sagar Lake.
  • The outer fort occupies an area of three square kilometers, which is 4.8 kilometers in length.

The correct answer is HTTP.

• HTTP is used to transmit information on the World Wide Web. 
• The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
• HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, where hypertext documents include hyperlinks to other resources that the user can easily access, for example by a mouse click or by tapping the screen in a web browser.

Types of Protocols:

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
• Post office Protocol (POP)
• Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP)
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 

The correct answer is the Imperial Bank of India.

• The old name of the State Bank of India was Imperial Bank of India.

• Banking in India:
  • The first bank of limited liability managed by Indians was Oudh Commercial Bank founded in 1881.
  • Later, Punjab National Bank was established in 1884.
  • The Banking Companies Act was passed in February 1949, which was subsequently amended to read as Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
  • The Imperial Bank was established in the year 1921 by merging three main Presidency Banks.
  • The Imperial Bank was nationalized in 1955 on the recommendation of the Gorewala Committee and renamed as State Bank of India.
  • ​State Bank of India:
    • Its headquarters is in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
    • Chairperson is Dinesh Kumar Khara.

• Reserve Bank of India (RBI):
  • RBI was set up on the basis of the Hilton Young Commission recommendation in April 1935, with the enactment of the RBI Act, 1934.
  • The headquarters of RBI is in Mumbai.
  • Current Governor is Shaktikanta Das.

Given:

Formula used:

Average = Sum of observation/Total number of observation

Calculation:

First, find the average of E

⇒ (117 + 120 + 132 + 133 + 145 + 187)/6

⇒ 834/6 = 139

Now, find 1.1 times of 139

⇒ 139 × 1.1 = 152.9

Which is closed to A in 2019 - 153

∴ A in 2019 is the closest to 1.1 times the average of E in 6 years.

Condition-based maintenance (CBM):

• Condition-based maintenance is a predictive maintenance strategy where various elements of an operating asset are observed and measured over time to identify and prevent deterioration and possible failure at the earliest possible moment.
• Under CBM, maintenance only occurs when data indicates a decline in performance or the early warning signs of failure.
• This differentiates CBM from preventive maintenance, where tasks are performed at regular intervals.

The 4 Basic Maintenance Modes:

Reactive Maintenance:

• A Reactive Maintenance plan is one that essentially operates on the run-to-failure strategy.
• This is a very hands-off approach to machine maintenance and while it keeps routine maintenance costs low, such a program can be costly in the long run.

 
Preventive Maintenance:

• Preventive Maintenance requires more ongoing effort, but when executed properly, it can reduce overall costs in both the short and long term.
• While there is still a risk of machine failure occurring, a plant has a far greater chance of catching and correcting issues before they become major problems when using this strategy.
• This requires more labour to perform tasks that may seem unnecessary, but as previously stated, this extra effort pays off in the long run.

Predictive Maintenance:

• Predictive Maintenance involves routinely inspecting machines with various developments including infrared and ultrasound technology.
• NASA reported that this maintenance mode works to eliminate unexpected breakdowns and scheduled maintenance downtime that would otherwise be used to inspect a machine piece by piece.
• Predictive maintenance operates effectively the same way that a check-up at the doctor does, using sophisticated technologies to gather information on the health of a machine.
• This can help anticipate where possible instances of wear and tear may occur and predict a failure before it happens.
• According to NASA, this maintenance mode alone can reduce maintenance program costs by 50%.
   

Proactive Maintenance:

• Proactive Maintenance differs from the other three maintenance modes because it addresses much more systemic elements of a maintenance program, rather than examining the machine itself.
• This approach is much more diligent and looks to control the problems that can lead to machine wear and tear as opposed to the deterioration itself.

Concept:

Schematic diagram:

• A  schematic diagram is a fundamental two-dimensional circuit representation showing the functionality and connectivity between different electrical components.
• It is vital for a PCB designer to get familiarized with the schematic symbols that represent the components on a schematic diagram.

The following points should be considered while drawing schematic diagram:

Name:

• Use manufacturer's part name (some exceptions to this rule, such as for common symbols such as passives where the generic name is used, like resistors, capacitors.)

Pin Configuration:

• ​Inputs on left
• Outputs on right
• VCC & power pins are placed on the upper right for ICs
• GND pins on the lower right for ICs
• I/O pins on the middle-left (occasionally middle-right too if there are many)
• Control pins at the upper left
• Use one symbol pin per function even if it maps to various package pins
• Pin type must reflect input type (Ex. io, in, out, pas etc.). for proper ERC/DRC checks

Special Pins:

• No Connect pins must be named as NC on the symbol
• Active-low pins should be designated with a bar above the symbol name
• Clock pins designated with a triangle

 Additional data: 

• Add MPN(manufacturing part number) above symbol
• Add reference designator and value placeholder below symbol
• Reference designator prefix should be as per component eg. R for resistor, J-jumper, L-inductor etc.

Physical and electrical Rules:

• Always add block diagram of the circuit so as to get the quick view of the various interfaces(most important)
• Add title block which includes organization name, page size, date, sheet number,version, title of the schematic name etc.
• Use A4 size sheets.
• Keep the grid spacing at least 2mm so that while creating pdf of schematic you can easily see the signal name.
• There should be no identical part reference.
• Make sure you are always using right reference designator for the symbols eg. R-resistor,C-capacitor etc.
• Every pin must be connected to a net if there is NC pin add no connect property to it so that no DRC error pop-up while generating DRC report.
• If there is any heterogeneous symbol make sure every part of the symbol has to added on the schematic sheet .
• Minimum font size should be 12 (I prefer while drawing schematic, don't know about industry standards regarding this.)
• Every symbol have a footprint attach to it.
• Make sure pin-type is correct. Add power pin type to the pin to which power signal has to be connected
• No duplicate net name.
• The movement of switches, push buttons and contacts should be from left to right.
• Add Power and Voltage rating to each resistor used in the schematic.
• Off-page connector used to connect the signal on two or more pages must have same net name.
• If there is any critical net/high speed signal like address or data signal of DDR,PCIe, HDMI,USB, or any high speed interface always mention the routing guideline/precautions while routing the signals.

Explanation:

Switches, push buttons and contacts should be drawn in actuated position must NOT be considered while drawing a schematic diagram.

19. (a) Proton 

22. (a) Niels Bohr

23. (c) Visible 

(i). Option : (d)

Fuel cost= k(speed)²

⇒ 48 = k.16²

⇒ k = \(\frac{3}{16}\)

(ii) Option : (b)

Let the total cost of running train is C.

According to the question,

\(\frac{dC}{at}=\frac{3}{16}v^2+1200\)

\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{3}{16}v^2t+1200t\) (By integrating both sides w.r.t t)

Hence, total cost of running train is \(C=\frac{3}{16}\nu^2t+1200t\)

Distance covered = 500km

\(\Rightarrow\) time \(=\frac{500}{\nu}hrs\)

Total cost of running train 500 km \(=\frac{3}{16}\nu^2\left(\frac{500}{\nu}\right)+1200\left(\frac{500}{\nu}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{375}{4}\nu+\frac{600000}{\nu}\)

(iii). Option : (c)

\(\frac{dC}{dv}\) = \(\frac{375}{4}\) - \(\frac{600000}{v^2}\)

Let \(\frac{dc}{dv}\) = 0

⇒ v² = \(\frac{600000\times 4}{375}\)= 6400

⇒ v = 80 km/h

(iv). Option : (c)

Fuel cost for running train to travel 500 km at the most economic speed is \(\frac{375}{4}v\) 

= \(\frac{375}{4}\) x 80

= Rs. 7500/−

(v). Option : (d)

Total cost for running 500 km = \(\frac{375}{4}v\) + \(\frac{600000}{v}\)

= \(\frac{375\times 80}{4}\)+\(\frac{600000}{v}\)

= Rs.15000/−