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Calculation:

The pattern of the number series is-

⇒ 7 × 1 = 7

⇒ 7 × 2 = 14

⇒ 7 × 3 = 21

⇒ 7 × 4 = 28

⇒ 7 × 5 = 35

⇒ 7 × 6 = 42

∴ The value of ? is 28

Calculation:

The series follows following pattern

⇒ 6 + 13 = 7

⇒ 7 + 23 = 15

⇒ 15 + 33 = 42

⇒ 42 + 43 = 106

⇒ 106 + 53 = 231

∴ The value of ? is 231

Calculation∶

The series follows following pattern

1/(2¹) = 1/2

1/(2²) = 1/4

1/(2³) = 1/8

1/(2⁴) = 1/16

1/(2⁵) = 1/32

1/(2⁶) = 1/64

∴ The wrong number in the series is 1/5

Correct answer is: (c) 4

Since HCF = 81, two numbers can be taken as 81x and 81y, 

ATQ 81x + 81y = 1215 

Or x + y = 15 

which gives four co prime pairs -

1,14

2,13

4,11

7, 8

Correct answer is: (b) 2

tan α + cot α = 2 

gives α=45°. So tan α = cot α = 1

tan²⁰α + cot²⁰α = 1²⁰ + 1²⁰

= 1+1 = 2

Considering the given series

0, 2, 4, 15, 64, 325

The logic of the given series can be explained as

0 × 1 + 1 = 1

1 × 2 + 2 = 4

4 × 3 + 3 = 15

15 × 4 + 4= 64

64 × 5 + 5 = 325

∴ Wrong term in given number series is 2.

Correct answer is: (c) 6sq. units

Required Area is area of triangle ACD = \(\cfrac{1}{2}\)(6)2 

= 6 sq units

Correct option is  B) possibly

Correct option is A) in a bad way

Kamala Das wrote the above line.

The teaching of English must be done in a way so that reduces errors and compels students to use English in their daily life and gives them confidence and satisfaction while using the language.

• The challenge in the process of teaching English language classes for teachers is more interesting teaching styles as the teachers with a class size of 30 or 40 it would be difficult for teachers to involve students in language learning. It can be supplemented with good lesson preparation with reasonable time management aids the teacher to overcome this challenge.

• The main role of a teacher is to facilitate the learning of his students by conducting several interesting activities and using appropriate methods and strategies.
• The main challenge in the teaching-learning process that a teacher faces is to make the students interactive, ready to learn and explore new knowledge.
• The teaching of English in India has always been a challenging state of affairs because of the huge population, desolate economic conditions, etc. 
• The main challenge is to create readiness among students to learn. As pupils' do not find any instant need for English, their curiosity naturally lacks.
• If the students are not ready to learn, they will take interest neither in supplementary material nor in the multi-lingual method and then all the efforts of the teacher will go in vain.

Hence, we can conclude that for teachers the more interesting teaching styles is the challenge in the process of teaching language class.

Error in the language is a human fact. Language error is an ‘unsuccessfully bit of language’. The occurrence of errors, while speaking or writing language may be due to the lack of attention on the part of a learner. It should be noted that:

• While interlingual errors are caused mainly by mother tongue interference, intra- 'lingual or developmental errors originate in the following factors: simplification, overgeneralization, hyper- correction, faulty teaching, fossilization, avoidance, inadequate learning (partial knowledge), and false concepts hypothesized. 
• For example, ‘Giving their examination’ is grammatically wrong. The correct sentence will be – “The students are taking their examination.” This error developed because of the literal translation from Hindi to English.
• Making errors is natural in case one has partial knowledge of the subject matter. The same goes true for language learning as well.
• Errors made by learners at the level of word, phrase, and sentence are called reading errors.

Hence, from the above-mentioned points, it becomes clear that the correct sentence will be – “The students are taking their examination.”

Louis Pasture has demonstrated the theory “life comes only from pre-existing life”.

The enlarged end of penis covered by a loose fold of skin called Foreskin.

If we support in implementing the following programmes successfully, we can easily eradicate the poverty:

• Swamajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 
• Swamajayanthi Shahari RozgarYojana (SJSRY) 
• Pradhana Manthri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) 
• National Food for Work Programme (NFWP) 
• Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) 
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGP)
• Public Distribution System (PDS) 
• Integrated Child Development Scheme (LCDS) 
• Mid-day Meals Scheme 
• Pradhana Manthri Gram Sadak Yojana 
• Indira Awas Yojana 
• Valmiki Ambedkar Awas Yojana.

If we support ¡n implementing the following programmes successfully we can easily eradicate the poverty:

• Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) 
• Swamajayanthi Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY) 
• Pradhana Manthri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) 
• National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)

Fallopian tubes, uterus and vagina constitute the  Female accessary ducts.

Poverty line is defined as per capita consumption expenditure which is required to attain a minimum acceptable standard of living.

Firms give on-the-job-training to enhance the productive skills of the workers so as to enable them to absorb new technologies and modern ideas. 

It can be given in two ways: 

1. Workers may be trained in the firm itself under the assistance of an experienced worker. 

2. Workers may be sent o the firm campus for the training.

• Panchadhara Yojana 
• Kamdhenu Yojana 
• Apni Beti Apni Dhan Yojana 
• Kudumbasree

The govt, implement many programmes to reduce poverty. REGP, PMRY, SJSRY, SJSY, MNREGS are few among them. The rate of poverty has been mitigated due to the implementation of these programmes. However, there are a lot of problems associated with these policies. 

They are given below. 

1. The amount of resources allocated for these programmes is not sufficient.

2. The effectiveness of the implementation of these programmes depends mainly on government and bank officials. May such officials are ill-motivated, inadequately trained and corrupt. So the resources reach the hand of the people who do not reserve it. 

3. There is non-participation of local level institutions in programme implementation. 

4. The government also failed to address the vast majority of vulnerable people who are living on or just above the poverty line.

More time is taken towards east and less time towards west.

1. 1995 

2. 2007 

3. 2005

4. 2005 

5. 2001

1. PMRY – Prime Minister’s RozgarYojana.

2. SGRY – Sampoorna Grameena RozgarYojana 

3. NSSO – National Sample Survey Organisation 

4. SJSRY – Swama Jayanthi Shahari RozgarYojana 

5. JGSY – JawaharGramSamridhiYojana

Two major sources of human capital in a country are: 

1. Investment in education and 

2. Investment in health.

a. Human Capital: 

1. Education and health are considered as a means to increase human productively. 

3. Human beings are treated as a means to an end. 

b. Human development: 

2. Education and health are integral to human well being. 

4. Human beings are treated as ends in themselves.

Poverty is explained by individual circumstances and/or characteristics of poor people. 

Some examples are: 

1. low levels of education and skills 

2. inrmity, ill health, sickness 

3. discrimination. 

These can be caused as a result of 

1. Social, economic and political inequality 

2. Social exclusion 

3. Unemployment 

4. Indebtedness 

5. Unequal distribution of wealth. 

Aggregate poverty is just the sum of individual poverty. Poverty is also explained by general, economy-wide problems, 

such as: 

1. Low capital formation 

2. Lack of infrastructure 

3. Lack of demand

4. Pressure of population 

5. Lack of social/welfare nets.

The following are the measures to solve the problem of poverty in a village like that of mine. 

1. creating more employment opportunities in rural areas 

2. educating the villagers 

3. encouraging small scale and cottage industries to generate employment 

4. spreading awareness regarding health and sanitation 

5. they should be made aware of the different schemes offered to them by the government

6. the government should provide them with basic amenities such as schools, roads, hospital communication facilities, etc.

The features of rural poverty are : 

• Open, under disguised unemployment, are found simultaneously in rural areas 
• It is difficult to differentiate between open unemployment and underemployment in rural areas
• No or meager facility of education, employment, social welfare, etc lead to poverty among the masses 
• Rural people posses few assets and many are landless 

The features of urban poverty are: 

• Open unemployment is generally found 
• One can differentiate between open and disguised unemployment 
• Good facility of education, drinking water, sanitation, etc make the standard of living of urban people high 

Urban people posses many assets Yes, poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas. 

This is clear from the fact that in n1973-74 more than 80% of the poor resided in rural areas but in 1999 – 2000, this proportion has reduced to 75%. This means that poverty has shifted from rural to urban areas. In the 1990s the absolute number of the poor in the rural areas has declined whereas the number of poor in urban areas has increased.

The poverty reduction approach of the government near of three dimensions. 

a. Growth oriented approach. 

b. Income and employment creation specifically for the poor. 

c. Providing basic amenities to the people. 

Growth-oriented approach is based on the expectation that the effects of economic growth-rapid increase in Gross Domestic Income and Per Capita Income – would spread to all sections of society and will trickle down to the poor sections also.

The approach of income and employment creation specifically for the poor initiated from the third five-year plan. The programmes under the approach include food for work (1970) self-employment programmes like RLEGP, PMRY SJSRY. The Khadi and Village Commission implements these programmes. The government also started wage employment programme like national food for work programme, SGSRY, MNREGS, etc. 

1. The Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP): 

This programme was launched on 15^th August 1983 to supplement NREP. This is a centrally sponsored scheme with 100 percent fund by the union government. 

2. The PMRY: 

GA was launched on 1^st April 2000. The programme aims at providing the housing needs of rural people. Providing basic amenities includes Integrated Child Development Scheme, Mid-day Meal Scheme, Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana, Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana, Valmiki Ambedkar Avas Yojana, etc.

3. Integrated Child Development Schemes (ICDS): 

A nutrition programme meant for children below 6 years of age, pregnant and lactating women. 

4. Mid-day Meal at School: 

Mid-day Meal at School is in operation in several states. The programme was launched in all India level on 15^th August 1995.

A. Critical Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Programmes: 

Through the policy towards poverty alleviation has evolved in a progressive manner but over the last ve and a half decades it has not undergone any radical transformation. Scholars state three major areas of concern which prevent the success implementation of the programs, they are: 

1. Unequal distribution of land and other assets due to the benefits have been availed by the non-poor. 

2. In comparison to the magnitude of poverty the amount of resources allocated for these programmes is not sufficient,

3. These programs depend mainly on government and bank officials for their implementation since such officials are illmotivated, inadequately trained, corruption-prone and vulnerable to pressure from a variety of local elites, the resources are inefficiently used and wasted.

3.In one hour, the sun passess over 4 degree longitudes.

• The earth rotates from west to east 
• So the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
• He nee these are increase in time towards the east and decrease in time towards the west

3.In one hour, the sun passess over 4 degree longitudes.

Growth means increase in the country’s capacity to produce the output of goods and services and equity means equality. 

Growth with equity is an important objective of our planning. By this, we mean that the government should ensure that the benefit of economic growth reaches the poor sections of the society. It also aims that every citizen should be able to meet the basic requirements such as food, shelter, education, health care, etc.

Significant and continuous rise in agricultural production with the use of fertilizers, HYV seeds and irrigation facilities is known as Green Revolution. 

In India, green revolution was executed in two phases. The first phase was from 1965- 75. This phase concentrated the crop wheat and was conned to affluent states. The second phase was from 1975-85. The phase concentrated on a variety of crops and was implemented in all Indian states. 

The benefits of green revolution: 

1. Self-sufficiency in food grain. 

2. Living standards of farmers increased 

3. Large marketable surplus 

4. The price of food grain fell down and consumers were benefited.

independence, the land tenure system was dominated by the intermediaries who merely collected rent from the tillers without contributing towards improvements on the farm. This resulted in low production from agriculture and forced India to import food. This called for an urgent need of a land reform system. The types of land reform implemented are: 

• Abolition of intermediaries 
• Making the tillers the owners of land 
• Land ceiling i.e., fixing the size of landholding.

Correct answer is (iii) histogram

(d) Pie diagram

Correct answer is (b) Bar diagram

a. Allomones

b. Kerbscycle