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Correct option- (A) AVL Tree. 

Correct option- (C) Heap sort. 

Explanation:-

A Sorting technique which uses the binary tree concept such that label of any node is larger than all the, labels in the sub trees, is called Heap sort because heap sort works on a complete binary tree with the property that the value at any node 'N' of the tree should be greater than or equal to the value at all its children nodes.

Correct option - (C) Its distance from the root 

Two characteristics of a good programming language are:

1. It should support a large number of data types, built-in functions and powerful operators. In simple terms, a programming language should be robust, only then it can efficient and fast.

2. It should be portable means that programs written for one computer can be run on another with little or no modification.

In scanf() statement, the “address of” operator (&) either on the element of the array (e.g marks[i]) or on the variables (e.g &rate) are used. In doing so, the address of this particular array element is passed to the scanf() function, rather then its value; which is what scanf() requires. BUT many times the address of zeroth element (also called as base address) can be passed by just passing the name of the array. 

(i)getc( ): reads a character from a file. This function is used to read a character from a file that has been opened in the read mode. For example, the statement c=getc(fp2); would read a character from the file whose file pointer is fp2. 

(ii)ftell( ): gives the current position in the file from the start. ftell takes a file pointer and returns a number of type long, that corresponds to the current position. For example:n=ftell(p); would give the relative offset n in bytes of the current position. This means that n bytes have already been read (or written). 

(iii)fgets( ): To read a line of characters from a file,we use the fgets() library function. The prototype is char *fgets(char *str, int n, FILE *fp);The argument str is a pointer to a buffer in which the input is to be stored, n is the maximum number of characters to be input, and fp is the pointer to type FILE that was returned by fopen() when the file was opened.

(iv) rewind( ):sets the position to the beginning of the file. It also takes a file pointer and reset the position to the start of the file. For example: 

rewind(fp);

n=ftell(fp); would assign 0 to n because file pointer has been set to the start of the file by rewind.

(v)fseek( ):sets the position to a desired point in the file. fseek function is used to move the file position to a desired location within the file. For example: fseek(fp,m,0); would move the file pointer to (m+1)th byte in the file. 

Correct option - (C) AVL-tree 

The scope resolutions operator is used to find the value of a variable out of the scope of the variable.

Example:

int i=10;

main(){

int i =5;

cout<<::i;

cout<<i;

}

::i refers to the value just before the scope (i.e.10).

Different types of memory allocation function are:

(i) malloc( ): It is a memory allocation function that allocates requested size of bytes and returns a pointer to the first byte of the allocated space. The malloc function returns a pointer of type void so we can assign it to any type of pointer. It takes the the following form: 

ptr= (cast type *) malloc(byte-size);

where ptr is a pointer of type cast-type. For example, the statement 

x=(int *) malloc(10 *sizeof(int))

means that a memory space equivalent to 10 times the size of an int byte is reserved and the address of the first byte of memory allocated is assigned to the pointer x of int type. The malloc function can also allocate space for complex data types such as structures. For example: 

ptr= (struct student*) malloc(sizeof (struct student));

where ptr is a pointer of type struct student.

(ii) calloc( ): It is another memory allocation function that allocates space for an array of elements, initializes them to zero and then returns a pointer to the memory. This function is normally used for requesting memory space at run time. It takes the following form: 

ptr= (cast type *) calloc(n,element-size);

This statement allocates contiguous space for n blocks, each of size element size bytes. 

(iii) realloc( ): realloc is a memory allocation function that modifies the size of previously allocated space. Sometime it may happen that the allocated memory space is larger than what is required or it is less than what is required. In both cases, we can change the memory size already allocated with the help of the realloc function known as reallocation of memory. For example, if the original allocation is done by statement 

ptr= malloc(size);

then reallocation is done by the statement

ptr=realloc(ptr,newsize); which will allocate a new memory space of size newsize to the pointer variable ptr and returns a pointer to the first byte of the new memory block.  

Linked list: A linked list is a self referential structure which contain a member field that point to the same structure type. In simple term, a linked list is collections of nodes that consists of two fields, one containing the information about that node, item and second contain the address of next node. Such a structure is represented as follows: 

struct node 

{ int item; 

struct node *next; 

};

Info part can be any of the data type; address part should always be the structure type. 

Linked lists are of following types:

1. Linear Singly linked list: A list type in which each node points to the next node and the last node points to NULL. 

2. Circular linked list: Lists which have no beginning and no end. The last node points back to the first item. 

3. Doubly linked list or Two-way linked list: These lists contain double set of pointers, one pointing to the next item and other pointing to the preceding item. So one can traverse the list in either direction. 

4. Circularly doubly linked list: It employs both the forward and backward pointer in circular form.

A program to demonstrate simple linear linked list is given below: 

#include < stdio. h>

#include < stdlib . h>

#define NULL 0

#define NULL 0

{

int number; 

struct linked_list *next;

};

typedef struct linked_list node;

void main()

{

node *head; 

void create(node *p);

int count(node *p);

void print(node *p);

clrscr();

head=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node));

create(head);

printf("\n");

print(head);

printf("\n");

printf("\n Number of items = %d \n",count(head));

getch();

}

void create(node *list)

{

printf("Input a number\n");

printf("(type -999 to end) : ");

scanf("%d",&list->number);

if(list->number == -999)

list->next=NULL;

else 

{

list->next=(node *)malloc(sizeof(node));

create(list->next);

}

return;

}

void print(node *list)

{

if(list->next!=NULL)

{

printf("%d - ->",list->number);

if(list->next->next == NULL)

printf("%d",list->next->number);

print(list->next);

}

return;

}

int count(node *list)

{ 

 if(list->next == NULL)

return(0);

else

return(1+count(list->next));

}

An algorithm to generate nth member of Fibonacci sequence is:

1. start 

2. Scan the number ‘n’ upto which the series to be generated. 

3. Initialize Sum=0, x=0, y=1 and i=3. 

4. Print x and y as the part of series. 

5. Repeat a-e until i<=n

a. Calculate Sum=x+y 

b. Print Sum as part of series. 

c. Assign y to x 

d. Assign sum to y e. i=i+1 

6. Stop.

Pointer and arrays: 

Pointers and arrays are very closely linked in C. Consider the following statements: 

int a[10], x;

int *ptr; /* ptr is a pointer variable*/

ptr = &a[0]; /* ptr points to address of a[0] */

x = *ptr;

/* x = contents of ptr (a[0] in this case) */

A pointer is a variable so we can do 

ptr = a and ptr++ ; 

while an array is not a variable so statements

a = pa and a++ are illegal.

A C program to display the contents of an array using a pointer arithmetic is listed below:

//display the contents of an array using pointer

#include < stdio. h >

void main() 

{ 

int *p,sum,i;

static int x[5] = {5,9,6,3,7};

i=0;

p=x;

sum=0;

clrscr();

printf("\nElement Value Address\n\n");

while(i<5)

{

printf(" x[%d] %d %u\n",i,*p,p); 

sum+=*p;

i++;

*p++;

}

printf("\n Sum = %d\n",sum); 

printf("\n &x[0] = %u\n",&x[0]); 

printf("\n p = %u\n",p);  

getch();

}

A program to merge two arrays into single sorted array that contains every element of arrays into a ascending order:

#include<studio.h>

#include<conio.h>

void sort(int*,int);

void merge(int*,int*,int,int);

void main()

{

int a[10],b[10];

int i,j,m,n;

clrscr();

printf("how many numbers u want to enter in 1st array : ");

 scanf("%d",&n);

printf("enter numbers in ascending order :\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

 scanf("%d",&a[i]);

printf("how many numbers u want to enter in 2nd array : ");

 scanf("%d",&m);

printf("enter numbers in ascending order :\n");

for(i=0;i<m;i++)

 scanf("%d",&b[i]);

merge(a,b,n,m);

 getch();

}

void merge(int *a,int *b,int n,int m)

{

int i=0,c[20],j=0,k=0,count=0;

while(i<=n&&j<=m)

{

 if(a[i]<b[j])

 {

 c[k]=a[i];

 i++;

 k++;

 }

 if(a[i]>b[j])

 {

 c[k]=b[j];

 j++;

 k++;

 }

 if(a[i]==b[j])

 {

 c[k]=a[i];

 k++;

 i++;

 j++;

 count++;

 }

}

if(i<=n&&j==m)

{

 while(i<=n)

 {

 c[k]=a[i];

 i++;

 k++;

 }

 }

if(i==n&&j<=m)

{

 while(j<=m)

 {

 c[k]=b[j];

 i++;

 j++;

 }

 }

 for(i=0;i<m+n-count;i++)

 printf("%d\t",c[i]); 

A C algorithm to sort an array using bubble sort technique

void main()

{

int a[20],i,j,n,c,flag;

printf("how many numbers u want to enter :\n");

scanf("%d",&n);

printf("\nenter the numbers :\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

scanf("%d",&a[i]);

for(i=0;i<n-1;i++)

{

for(j=0;j<n-1-i;j++)

{

if(a[j]>a[j+1])

{

c=a[j];

a[j]=a[j+1];

a[j+1]=c;

flag=0;

}

}

if(flag)

break;

else

flag=1;

}

printf("sorted elements :\n");

for(i=0;i<n;i++)

printf("%d\t",a[i]);

printf("\n");

}

An element in a multidimensional array like two-dimensional array can be represented by pointer expression as follows: 

*(*(a+i)+j)

It represent the element a[i][j]. The base address of the array a is &a[0][0] and starting at this address, the compiler allocates contiguous space for all the element row-wise. The first element of second row is immediately after last element of first row and so on. 

Information technology (IT) is the use of any computers, storage, networking and other physical devices, infrastructure and processes to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data. Typically, IT is used in the context of business operations, as opposed to technology used for personal or entertainment purposes. The commercial use of IT encompasses both computer technology and telecommunications.

A UUID – that’s short for Universally Unique IDentifier, by the way – is a 36-character alphanumeric string that can be used to identify information (such as a table row).

Here is one example of a UUID: acde070d-8c4c-4f0d-9d8a-162843c10333

UUIDs are widely used in part because they are highly likely to be unique globally, meaning that not only is our row’s UUID unique in our database table, it’s probably the only row with that UUID in any system anywhere.

(Technically, it’s not impossible that the same UUID we generate could be used somewhere else, but with 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 different possible UUIDs out there, the chances are very slim).

A set of libraries that provide programmatically access to some kind of graphics 2D functions comes under the graphics package.

a. Top

The menu bar is found at the Top Of the LibreOffice window.

Information technology (or IT) is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms (business data, voice conversations, still images, motion pictures, photos, multimedia presentations, and other forms, including those not yet conceived).

Arguments are the mechanisms that carry values from calling function to called function. 

The two parts of machine language instructions are opcodes and operand codes.

A menu is a collection of options that perform specific activities on document.

• A soft copy is an electronic copy of data viewed on a computer’s display or transmitted as an e-mail attachment.
• A hard copy is a physical reproduction or representation of the data, such as a printed page or photograph.

A filter is an option that allows display of data of user’s choice, by hiding other non relevant data.

Prof. John Napier invented a calculating device which is a set of 9 marked rods called “Napier Bones” and the device invented by William Ought red for computations is the “slide rule”.

Pascaline is the name of the machine developed by Blaise Pascal

The correct answer is Assam.

• Bihu dance is an Indigenous folk dance of the Indian state of Assam.
• This dance is usually performed by young men and women.
• The dancing style is characterized by brisk steps and rapid hard movements.
• In this folk dance, the traditional costumes of dancers are colourful and centred around the red colour theme.
• The origin of this folk dance is unknown.
• The earliest depiction of Bihu dance is found in the 9th Century Sculptures.
• This dance is mainly found in the Tezpur and Darrang districts of Assam.
• It is mentioned in the inscriptions of the 14th Century, Chutia and Laxminarayan as well.
• Bihu dance is performed outdoors, in fields, groves, etc.
• This folk dance takes its name from the Bohag Bihu festival.
• Bohag Bihu festival is celebrated as New year in Assam.

The correct answer is D.

• The Tropic of Cancer is pass through Eight Indian States of India.
• It includes Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura, and Mizoram.
• It is an imaginary line that is at an angle of 231/2 degrees.
• It is North of the equator.
• it almost passes through the middle of India.
• Tropic of Cancer passes through the 17 countries and India is one of them.
• It crosses two times of Mahi River.

• Rajasthan:
  • It is the largest state of India in terms of area which is 342,239 km². 
  • Rajasthan has a tropical desert climate.
  • It is extremely cold from October to February which the Scorching Sun tortures the land from March to September.
  • The capital of Rajasthan is Jaipur.
  • Member of Lok Sabha: 25
  • The legislature of Rajasthan is Unicameral.
  • The Thar desert is the one and only Desert which is located in Rajasthan.
  • The Thar desert covers 70% of the total area of Rajasthan.
  • Therefore, Rajasthan State is also called the Desert State of India.
  • Rajasthan is famous for its lakes such as Rajsamand Lake, Sambhar Lake, Udai Sagar Lake, Nakki Lake, Fateh Sagar Lake, etc.
• Mizoram:
  • ​Mizoram means the 'Land of Highlanders'.
  • Capital: Aizawl
  • At present, CM of Mizoram: Zoramthanga
  • At Present, Governer of Mizoram: P S Sreedharan Pillai
• Tripura:
  • ​Currently, Governor of Tripura: Ramesh Bais
  • Currently, Chief Minister of Tripura: Biplab Kumar deb.
•  Manipur:
  • ​Capital: Imphal
  • Currently, Governor of Manipur: Najma Heptulla
  • Currently, Chief Minister of Manipur: N. Biren Singh.
  • The famous Loktak Lake is located in Manipur.
  • Keibul Lamjao Park is Also located in Manipur.

The correct answer is 1, 2 and 3.

Dodabeta Peak:

• It is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri hills and is the second-highest peak in South India next to Anamudi Peak.
• Doddabetta Peak is in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu lies in the Nilgiri Hills, at the intersection of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• Doddabetta means ‘Big Mountain’ in Badugu Language.

Molasses Basin:

• Mizoram is also known as Molasses Basin. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• Mizoram is known as the land of rolling mountains.
• It has a huge number of mountains. formation of most mountains is accompanied by the formation of foreland basin or in simple terms valley type depression which runs parallel to mountains.
• These depressions get accumulated with unconsolidated deposits known as molasses basin.

Loktak Lake:

• It is the largest freshwater lake in Manipur (Northeast India). Hence, Statement 2 is correct.
• It is famous for the phumdis floating over it.
• Phumdis are the heterogeneous mass of vegetation, soil, and organic matter at various stages of decomposition.
• Keibul Lamjao National Park is the centre of attraction.
• It is the only floating national park in the world. It is home to endangered Sangai.
• Loktak lake is a wetland of international importance under the Ramsar Convention.
• It has been listed under the Montreux Record since 1993.

The Correct Answer is Puri.

• Govardhan Math is located in Puri in Odisha.
• It was established by philosopher-saint Adi Shankara to preserve and propagate Sanatana Dharma and Advaita Vedanta.

• The other Peeths are 
  • The Sringeri Sarada Pitham (Karnataka) in the South.
  • Dwarka Sarada Pitham (Gujarat) in the West.
  • Badari Jyotirmaṭha Pitham (Uttarakhand) in the North.

The correct answer is Italy.

• Italy has won the maximum number of Oscar awards to date in the category of foreign films.

• Italy has won a total of 11 Oscar awards in the category of foreign films.
• It is followed by France and Spain with a total of 9 and 4 respectively

• OSCAR AWARD:
  • Oscar Award was instituted in 1929 and is conferred annually by the Academy of Motion Pictures in the United States. 
  • The awards ceremony was first televised in 1953 and is now seen live in more than 200 countries.
  • Mahboob Khan’s Mother India was the first Indian film to be nominated in the best foreign film category in 1958.
  • The first Indian to share the Oscar was Bhanu Athaiya for the film ‘Gandhi’.
  • Satyajeet Ray was the first Indian who was awarded Oscar for lifetime achievement in cinema in 1992.
  • Emil Jannings was the first actor to win the Oscar Awards.

The correct answer is Ada Lovelace.

• Ada Lovelace is considered the world's first programmer.

• Charles Babbage created a computer known as the analytical engine which was designed to tackle complex mathematical problems and Ada Lovelace became the first programmer for the computer.
• Her method is recognized as the world's first computer program.

• Alan Turing was a mathematician and logician, who made major contributions to mathematics, cryptanalysis, logic, and mathematical biology.
• Tim Berners - Lee is the inventor of the internet.
• Steve Wozniak is the co-founder of apple with Steve Jobs.

B. Website

A Website is a collection of related web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that are addressed relative to a common Uniform Resource Locator, often consisting of only the domain name, or the IP address, and the root path in an Internet Protocol-based network.

Manasa 

Class X Section C 

Govt. High School 

Channigepura 

15 May 2019 

The Headmaster 

Govt. High School 

Channigepura 

Sub: Request for help to pay school fees 

Sir, 

I am writing this letter hoping that you will consider my request to help a needy girl in my class. Her name is Sukanya. She is a very bright student and my friend too. She comes from a very poor family. Unfortunately, because of the sudden demise of her father, she is in great trouble. Her mother earns some money doing odd jobs which is just sufficient to run the family. As such she is not in a position to pay the school fees and is thinking of withdrawing Sukanya from the school.

I request you to save the career of this brilliant student, t will be happy if you could grant her fee concession or Rs. 5000 from the Poor Students’ Fund to help her pay the fees.

Thanking you,

Faithfully yours 

Manasa

11 December 2019

From

Udupi,

Rakesh (class x),

Govt High School,

Udupi. 

To 

The Panchayath officer, 

Udupi taluk.

Udupi. 

Respected sir, 

Sub : Seeking assistance to keep the school surroundings dean. 

I ‘am the student of government High school, Udupi. I am representing all the students of my school while writing this letter to you. We have a persisting problem regarding the unclean surroundings of our school. Though our teachers have encouraged us to clean our school surroundings once a week, our efforts are in vain as the households dump their garbage beside our school compound and the panchayat does not regularly lift the garbage. After a few days unpleasant smell starts emanating from the garabge mounds, have become a breeding ground for mosquitoes and their menance, dogs which come to scavenge on the garbage chase us menancingly and many students have been bitten by them. After the school hours, some anti – social persons carry out dubious activities inside the school premises. Liquor bottles, condoms, cigarette butts will be strewn about in the school premises. I earnestly plead with you to inspect and take action to stop these activities’ So that we can study in a more healthy and peaceful place. 

Thanking you.

                                                                                                                        Yours faithfully,

                                                                                                                       Rakesh (class x)

                                                                                                                      Govt high school,

                                                                                                                         Udupi.

                                                                                                                     Govt. High School

                                                                                                                         Kolar

                                                                                                                    1 July 2019

Dear Shankar,

Are you surprised to receive this letter? If you are, I won’t be surprised. It is indeed a long time since I have written to you. Life has become so hectic that I don’t seem to be finding time for anything.

But, this time, I have made time, to persuade you to attend my sister’s marriage. I’ve enclosed the invitation. You would have noticed that it’s on an important day – teacher’s day – and hence you cannot give me the excuse that you forgot the date. Mark the 5th of August on your calendar immediately.

Geetha too joins me in inviting you to her marriage. You would remember the good times we spent together and the fun on the Raksha Bandhan day. She always complains that you used to be generous with your gifts and that I am miserly.

Hope you won’t disappoint Geetha and me. Also make sure that you take at least three days leave. We have Mehendi function on the previous day and reception the next day. Nothing else to write.

With love, 

Sandeep

From 

XX 

10th Std 

ABC School, 

Bangalore 

Date: ………….. 

To 

The Headmaster, 

ABC School, Bangalore 

Respected sir, 

Sub: Requisition letter for 3 days’ leave 

My grandfather has been admitted to hospital last week and his condition is said to be serious. Hence, I would like to apply 3 days’ leave to be next to him during his last days. Kindly oblige and grant me leave for three days i.e. from ..... to ..... Thanking you, 

Yours faithfully,

 XX, 

Signature.

From 

XXX 

ABC School’ 

Vijayanagar 

Bangalore 

Date: ……………… 

To 

The Corporator 

Vijayanagar 

Bangalore 

Respected Sir, 

SUB: Requisition for financial assistance for studies 

I have passed my SSLC examination with distinction (92%) and I wish to continue my studies in a reputed college with science as a method. My parents are both construction workers who cannot afford the fee for my higher education. Hence, I request your good self to provide me with some kind of financial assistance so that I can pursue my dream of becoming a doctor. I assure you, my service will be for the needy of the society and shall repay the debts in future. Kindly oblige and do the needful. 

Thanking you,

Yours faithfully, 

XXX.

Abacus is the oldest computing tool.

(a) Security

(a) Favorite

1.   A web page is a FITML document or resource of text, images, and videos that is suitable for the World Wide Web, whereas website is a collection of web pages.

2.  Web browser is a software application program used to locate and display Web pages. The most popular browsers are google chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Firefox.

3.  URL is the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web. For example, http://www.sarthaks.com /index.html 

4.  TCP is one of the main protocols in TCP/IP networks, whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also guarantees that packets get delivered in the same order in which they were sent.

To save the result in his computer to a file by using the ‘save’ or ‘save as’ option of the file menu. When click this option a dialog box will appear then specify the folder whereas the file has to be saved using the dialog box and click OK. To save an image right click on the image, a pop-up menu will appear then choose the save option give a name and press OK.

(a) Favorite

(a) Back and forward button

TCP/IP protocol

(a) Access indicator icon animates

Browsing software or Browser. 

The browsers are: 

1. Netscape Navigator 

2. Internet Explorer 

3. Mozilla 

4. Opera 

5. Mosaic etc.