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The correct answer is All are true.

• Major Additives are
  • Antioxidants like vitamin C are preservatives by inhibiting the degradation of food by oxygen.
  • Food coloring - Colorings are added to food to replace colors lost to make or preparation food look more attractive.
  • Flavors - Flavors are additives that give food a particular smell or taste and may be derived from natural ingredients or artificially created.
  • Anticaking agents - It keeps powders such as milk powder from caking or sticking.
  • Preservatives - It prevents or inhibits spoilage of food due to fungi, bacteria, and other microorganisms.

• Food additives can be divided into various groups, although there is some overlap because some are exerted more than one effect. For example - salt is both a preservative as well as a flavor.

The term used to describe the whole textual data from all the documents altogether is known as corpus.

This is because our model will simply remember the whole training set, and will therefore always predict the correct label for any point in the training set.

Stop words in the given sentence are: is, the, of, that, into, are, and

Disease: AIDS (Acquired ImmunoDefeciency Syndrome) 

Pathogen: Human Immuno deficiency virus (HIV). 

Reason: 

Due to decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes, the person starts suffering from infections that could have been otherwise overcome such as those due to bacteria especially Mycobacterium, viruses, fungi and even parasites like Toxoplasma.

The path of this pathogen and its spread andeffect on the human body:

• After getting into the body of the person, the virus enters into macrophages where RNA genome of the virus replicates to form viral DNA with the help of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
• This viral DNA gets incorporated into host cell’s DNA and directs the infected cells to produce virus particles.
• The macrophages continue to produce virus and in this way acts like a HIV factory.
• Simultaneously, HIV enters into helper T-lymphocytes (TH), replicates and produce progeny viruses.
• The progeny viruses released in the blood attack other helper T-lymphocytes. This is repeated leading to a progressive decrease in the number of helper T lymphocytes in the body of the infected person.
• During this period, the person suffers from bouts of fever, diarrhoea and weight loss.

c) Digoxin has a longer half-life than digitoxin

b) They decrease intracellular concentrations of calcium in myocytes

b) They cause a decrease in vagal tone

c) Dobutamine 

b) Dobutamine

Comparison of Physical features in a teenage boy and girl-

1. Both Increase in height and weight 

2. Both Develop adult size hands and feet. 

3. Appearance of acne in both. 

4. Growth of hair on underarms and pubic areas in both. 

5. Growth of sex organs in both. 

6. Voice becomes shrill in females and harsh in males. 

7. Development of breasts in females and muscles in males.

The correct answer is Benedict's test.

• Benedict's test
  • It is used to test for simple carbohydrates.
  • In other words, it is a chemical test that can be used to check for the presence of reducing sugars in a given analyte.
  • Benedict's reagent can be used to test for the presence of glucose in urine.
  • Sugar can be tested in a Diabetes patient by this method.

• Denige test
  • It is the test for differentiation of Tartaric and Citric Acid.

• Barford's test
  • It is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of monosaccharides.
• Elisa test
  • It is a commonly used laboratory test to detect antibodies in the blood.

• No, a leaf plucked from a potted plant kept in a dark room for a few days, will not turn blue-black when tested for starch.
• This is because, since it was kept in a dark room where there was no sunlight, the plant was unable to prepare the food by photosynthesis. 
• And starch is the product of photosynthesis. 
• So if there was a place of photosynthesis, there was no formation of starch.

Hence, the leaf would not turn blue-black as there is the absence of starch.

c) Lidocaine

b) Digibind (Digoxin immune fab)

(d) They have thick elastic walls without valves inside, blood flows under high pressure and carry blood away from the heart to different parts of the body.