Nonexecutable statement. Programming command that is not run or executed when being read by the computer. A commonly usednonexecutable statement is a remark (REM) used in batch files and other Microsoft Windows and DOS programs. Below is a listing of other text used to remark, comment, or cause the line to be skipped.
Executable statements specify actions and form an execution sequence in an executable program

Every positive number is greater than 0. We will not be considering 0 since it is neither positive nor negative.

n = int(input("Enter a number: ")) # input will take user input and int will convert it to integer

if n > 0:

    print("Positive")

elif n < 0:

    print("Negative")

else:

    print("0, which is neither negative nor positive.")

TYPES OF LOOP CONTROL STATEMENTS IN C:

There are 3 types of loop control statements in C language. 

They are,

1. for
2. while
3. do-while

Syntax for each C loop control statements are given in below table with description.

In computer programming languages, a switch statement is a type of selection control mechanism used to allow the value of a variable or expression to change the control flow of program execution via search and map.

switch( expression )
{
    case value-1:
            Block-1;
            Break;
    case value-2:
            Block-2;
            Break;
    case value-n:
            Block-n;
            Break;
    default:
            Block-1;
            Break;
}
Statement-x;

BREAK
It is used to terminate a switch statement.
BREAK is a keyword that allows us to jump out of a loop instantly, without waiting to get back to the conditional test.
CONTINUE
The keywords continue allow us to take the control to the beginning of the loop, by passing the statements inside the loop which have not yet been executed.
GOTO STATEMENT
‘c’ supports go to statement to branch unconditionally from one point to another in the program.

int s=0;i;

for(i=1;i<=50;i++)

{

s=s+i;

}

cout<<s;

Green's theorem is simply a relationship between the macroscopic circulation around the curve C and the sum of all the microscopic circulation that is inside C. If C is a simple closed curve in the plane (remember, we are talking about two dimensions), then it surrounds some region D.

Deletion in a Binary Tree

1. Algorithm.
2. Starting at root, find the deepest and rightmost node in binary tree and node which we want to delete.
3. Replace the deepest rightmost node's data with node to be deleted.
4. Then delete the deepest rightmost node.

Correct option: (1) 19.14

It is the polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones that can be hydralysis polyhydroxy aldehydes are called "aldose" and polyhydroxy ketones are called "ketose".

Example Glucose, Froctose etc.

Classification of Carbohydrates:

(i) Monosaccharides 

(ii) Polysaccharides 

(iii) Sugar 

(i) Monosaccharides hydrolysis of monosaccharide is not possible. 

(ii) Polysaccharide made up of more than 10 monosaccharides e.g. cellulose. 

(iii) Sugar: Carbohydrate that can reduces Tallen reagent. eg. Glucose.

NH₃ molecule is bonded with intermolecular hydrogen bond while Phosphine has no intermolecular hydrogen bond that the boiling point of PH₃ is less than the boiling point of NH₃.

The Correct option is (1) K₃[Fe(CN)₆]

Correct option (1) N₂

Explanation: 

3CaOCl₂ + 2NH₃ → 3CaCl₂ + N₂ + 3H₂O

(1) (b) Aristotle felt the need for interminable learning; Socrates felt that students need to be perpetually challenged 

(2) (b) It is not rational or pragmatic 

(3) (d) It refers to something which is of ceaseless importance 

(4) (c) Facts change with the changing times 

(5) (b) He believed in democracy, but his practices didn’t suggest the same 

(6) (c) Michel de Montaigne 

(7) (d) Assumption 

(8) (c) Practical

1. d.Aristotle felt the need for repetition to develop good habits in students; Socrates felt the need to be constantly questioned.

2. a.It is not practically applicable.

3. c. Which is of ceaseless importance

4. b. He believed people are democratic

5. c.Facts change with the changing times

6. b.Medieval period

7. c.1533-1592

8. b. Aristotle

Answer (a) yeast

Answer (b) asexual reproduction

(i) (b) Aristotle felt the need for interminable learning; Socrates felt that students need to be perpetually challenged 

(ii) (b) It is not rational or pragmatic 

(iii) (d) It refers to something which is of ceaseless importance 

(iv) (c) Facts change with the changing times 

(v) (b) He believed in democracy, but his practices didn’t suggest the same 

(vi) (c) Michel de Montaigne 

(vii) (d) Assumption 

(viii) (c) Practical

(i) (a) GMOs: Boon or Bane 

(ii) (a) Her personal views on the benefits of GMOs 

(iii) (a) Whatever might be harmful consequences of consuming GMO foods its uses outweigh the former.

Some of the potential applications of genetically modified plants in agricultural biotechnology are: 

(i) GMO crops have better nutritional quality such as vitamin A-enriched rice 

(ii) They are diseases resistant and are more tolerant to abiotic stresses. 

(iii) They have pest resistant and hence have reduced the dependency on the chemical pesticides. 

(iv) They are better nitrogen fixers

Answer (b) Virology

(i) Orchids in the genus Ophrys are the best known of the plants whose flowers closely resemble females of particular insect species. One of the petals (or labellum) is modified to resemble a female insect. The labellum serves as a landing platform for the male insect. In fact, the resemblance is so close that male attempts to pseudocopulate with the flowers perceiving it to be a female insect. Since the mating is unsuccessful, the male looks out for another female which is likely to be another orchid flower. The male insect does not receive any kind of reward, but pollen has been transferred from one plant to another. In this case, the flower should co-evolve with the female insect otherwise the chances of successful pollination will be reduced. 

(ii) Co-extinction is one of the 'Evil Quartet' in which organisms with obligatory relationship like plant pollinator mutualism will result in extinction of one partner if other is eliminated in nature. Seeds of

Sideroxyglon grandiflorum, an exclusive tree in Mauritius, germinate when they pass through the abrasive gut of dodo (Ruphus cucullatus), a bird. These birds became extinct in 17th century and only a few old trees survive now. Insects are good pollinators, hence flowering plants and insects are interdependent. In such cases, when one species becomes extinct, the other species associated or dependent on it also becomes extinc.

The onset of genomic DNA synthesis requires precise interactions of specialized initiator proteins with DNA at sites where the replication machinery can be loaded. These sites, defined as replication origins, are found at a few unique locations in all chromosomes. Close examination of bacterial and archaeal replication origins reveals an array of DNA sequence motifs that position individual initiator protein molecules and promote initiator oligomerization on origin DNA. Conversely, the need for specific recognition sequences in eukaryotic replication origins is relaxed.

Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) Technology is used for herd development. Steps involved in MOET programme are: 

(i) Oestrous cycle is controlled in donor and surrogate animals. 

(ii) The donor animal is administered with hormones that have FSH-like activity to induce follicular maturation and superovulation. 

(iii) The donor produces 6−8 eggs instead of one egg produced normally. 

(iv) Mating is done either with an elite male or artificial insemination is carried out. 

(v) When the fertilized eggs attain 8−32 celled stage, they are non-surgically removed and transferred to a surrogate mother. 

(vi) The genetic mother can be again superovulated now.

For a given photosensitive material, there exists a certain minimum cut-off frequency below which no photoelectrons are emitted, howsoever high in the intensity of incident radiation. This frequency is called threshold frequency. 

Correct option is: (D) Polyploid

Correct option is: (C) Parthenocarpy

Lyman Series 

1. In a particular climatic condition, decomposition rate is slower if detritus is rich in lignin and chitin and quicker, if detritus is rich in nitrogen and water soluble substances like sugars. 

2. Temperature and soil moisture are the most important climatic factors that regulate decomposition through their effects on the. activities of soil microbes. 

3. Warm and moist environment favour decomposition whereas low temperature and anaerobiosis inhibit decomposition resulting in build up of organic materials

Correct answer is (c) 1/r²

Correct answer is (a) 4

1. Contraceptive are methods or devices which prevent conception or pregnancy. 

Non – surgical contraceptive methods: 

2. Natural method : 

It works on the principle of avoiding the chances of sperms and ovum meeting together. There are two types – periodic abstinence (physiological or rhythm method),Abstinence from intercourse during this ‘fertile period’ (danger period), i.e., between 10th and 17th day of menstrual cycle) and withdrawal method (coitus interruptus – Male partner withdrawing his penis from vagina just before ejaculation). 

3. Barrier Method : 

Barriers are contraceptives which act as mechanical obstructers and prevent the entry of semen into the fallopian tube. 

Ex: Condom, diaphragm, cervical caps, vaults, etc. 

4. Intra – uterine devices (IUDs) : 

Intra uterine device is a small flexible plastic or rubber or copper object which is inserted into the uterus to prevent conception. They may be non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, CU7, Multiload 375) or hormone releasing IUDs (progestasert, LNG – 20). They bring about contraception by different ways. 

5. oral Contraception (Hormonal method) : 

This is contraceptive method in which ‘pills’ are taken orally by females. These pills contain progestogens or progestogen – estrogen combinations that inhibit the secretion of FSH and LH and thus prevent the maturation of graafian follicle and ovulation.

6. Implants and inheritable : 

These are progestrogens or progestogen – estrogen combinations that are uses under the skin by females,. Their function similar to that of oral’ contraceptives (prevent maturation of graafian follicle and ovulation)

Advantages of cross-pollination – 

(a) Cross pollination introduces genetic recombination and production of new varieties. 

(b) The seeds produced are usually larger and the off springs have characters better than the parents due to hybrid vigour. 

(c) Several crop plants (such as mustard, sunflower, cucurbits) give significantly higher yields. 

(d) The plants produced through cross pollination are more resistant to diseases.  

Molecular diagnosis – For the effective and better treatment of any disease, an early diagnosis by knowing symptoms, pathophysiology is required. Early defection is usually not possible by most of the conventional methods. Some techniques like PCR and Recombinant DNA technology and enzyme linked Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) have proved rewarding in this regard. These techniques are called molecular diagnosis.

(a) The ladybird beetle is used to control aphids. Dragonflies are used to control mosquitoes. 

Dried spores of these to bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable plants such as brassicas and fruit trees. Their toxin is released in the gut of insect (butterfly) larvae which feed on the spores. This kills the caterpillars.

 Trichoderma species, a free-living fungus in the roots of many plants is used to control several plant pathogens. Baculoviruses like nucleo- polyhedrovirus are species specific and are used as biocontrol agents against insects and other arthropods. 

(b) It is a measure of organic matter present in water / sewage Or it indicates whether the water sample is polluted or not 

(c) Glomus.

Primary Productivity – It is the rate of capture of solar energy or biomass production of the producers. It is of two types– 

(i) Gross Primary Productivity 

(ii) Net primary productivity (NPP) 

GPP – R = NPP 

 Where R = Respiration losses

Differences of upright pyramid and inverted pyramid are – 

In male reproductive system the following organs are associated. These are 

(a) One pair of testis 

(b) Accessory ducts, 

(c) Glands and 

(d) The external genitalia 

Reproductive health refers to a total well being in all aspects of reproduction i.e. physical, emotional, behavioral and social. Counseling and creating awareness among people about reproductive organs, adolescence and associated changes, safe and hygienic sexual practices, sexually transmitted disease (STDs) including HIV/AIDS etc. are the primary steps towards reproductive health.