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It helps me create an impression on my soulmate.

C. Sanskrit, Persian

It is a picture story. It recalls the story of freedom through pictures. It also explains the idea that led to the first war of Independence in 1857. At a function in Delhi, Lata Mangeshkar sang the patriotic song “Aye Mere Watan Ke Logon”. She called upon the Indians to recall with tearful eyes the sacrifices of Indian freedom fighters. The English East India Company came to India for trade.

But with its superior weapons and shrewd diplomacy, it extended its power in the 18th century. Indian princes were divided and short-sighted. People in India had no peace due to constant fights among the states of the country. They sought the help of the English merchants to defeat each other. These rivalries helped the Company to defeat and subdue Indian princes one by one.

A far-sighted ruler like the brave Tipu Sultan of Mysore fought the British till he died fighting. Now Indians reacted to the conquests made by the English Company. Some of them thanked God as well as the British for restoring peace in the country and stopping looting. They said their destiny was linked with the English.

But there were others who felt unhappy. They complained that the white man had killed or dethroned their kings. No doubt some kings were bad, but after all, they were Indians. Under the white rulers, they had become slaves.
Some religious leaders supported the social evils such as untouchability and child marriage. They forbade crossing the seas and going abroad. A few even said that women were to blame for all the misery. The truth was that Indians had lost self-respect. The white hated and disbelieved them.

The English were merchants first. Their aim was to make quick profits. They imposed heavy taxes on the farmers. They sent many farmers to jail for failing to pay their tax arrears. They destroyed the local Indian industries in order to sell goods manufactured in England. They exempted all goods imported from England from duties. Thus they ruined Indian artisans and their businesses.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy, a learned social reformer from Bengal, understood what was wrong with the country. He called upon the people to feel proud of their ancient culture. and get the society rid of stiffly superstitions. He pointed out that all religions preached the same thing.

He understood the Importance of science and modern knowledge. He started newspapers but the British stopped them in 1823. He crossed the seas and went to England to see what made the British so powerful. He then adopted the middle path.

(1) Indian princes were not far-sighted.

(2) Since there were constant fights, the people had no peace.

(3) Only God sent the British.

(4) Don’t pay next week and I will send you to jail. OR Unless you pay next week, I will send you to jail.

(5) Though cows are of different colours, the colour of their milk is the same.

(6) The British policies were not good, therefore many landlords had lost their lands.

(7) The natives are neither worthy of trust nor Eire they capable of honesty.

A. an Indian could be jailed without trial I in a court.

(1) Soon, they sent chapaties from village to village.

(2) All help and shelter was given to the patriots by the masses.

(3) We have been deceived by the white man too!

(4) All the time big salaries were drawn by British officers in India.

(5) You are accepted as rulers by us, and we must be accepted as subjects by you.

(6) Science and modern knowledge attracted him.

(7) All my crop is being taken away by your men.

1. The physical strain that the writer had till reaching the summit was over. That satisfaction made the writer say, “Thank God, it’s all over!”

2. The writer felt that he had done the ultimate in climbing and then there would be nothing higher to climb and he had a tinge of sadness.

3. By climbing the summit of Everest the writer was overwhelmed by a deep sense of joy and thankfulness.

4. After once having climbed Everest, a man feels himself completely changed. The man who has been to the mountains is never the same again.

Climbing a peak means endurance, persistence and will power. The demonstration of these physical qualities is exhilarating for a climber. The experience, apart from being merely physical, is also emotional and spiritual. It surely presents great difficulties. However, man takes delight in overcoming obstacles. Therefore, it is not for fame alone that one climbs a mountain. It is actually for the joy of having done something, the sense of a battle fought and won, a feeling of victory and of happiness. There is a sense of fulfillment, the satisfaction of a deep urge to rise above ones surroundings, the eternal love for adventure in man.

1. Birbal was cleverer than the other ministers. 

2. The Everest is the highest peak in the world. 

3. China is a big country. 

4. Supriya is the tallest girl in the class. 

5. James is two years older than me. 

B. humility and a sense of smallness.

The three qualities that played a major role In the author’s climb are endurance, persistence and willpower.

C. A relic of the Buddha.

An Englishman Macaulay suggested that Indians should be taught through the English language.

The white rulers were chiefly traders. Their chief aim was to make profits at all cost. Hence, they began to ruin Indian industries. They imposed heavy taxes on farmers. They destroyed Indian cottage industries in order to sell goods manufactured in England. They exempted all goods imported from England from duties. In this way, their business flourished while the Indian industries died. The British made the Indians weak as well as poor.

Breathing at great height is difficult. The climber has to cut the steps in the; hard ice and he has to strain every nerve as he takes every step. Sometimes he curses; himself for undertaking such a task. There are moments when he feels like going back for relief. But there is something that does not let him give up the struggle.

D. All of these three

Climbing a peak means endurance, persistence and willpower. The demonstration of these physical qualities is exhilarating for a climber. The experience, apart from being merely physical, is also emotional and spiritual. It surely presents great difficulties. However, taught him to look within at the internal summit which is higher than the Everest. Write a sentence against each of the following statements. Your sentence should explain the statement. You can pick out sentences from the text and rewrite them. The first one has been done for you.

A, C, D and E are not relevant.

B. In one’s mind.

The British came to India as traders. Their chief motive was to make a fortune. But they needed political power to carry on their trade. They imposed heavy taxes on the peasants. The Indian goods lost their demand because the market was flooded with imported English goods. There was no import duty on goods brought in from England. The British, in this way, ruined the skilled Indians. They dethroned the Indian rulers and took advantage; of their rivalries. Slowly and steadily they spread their empire all over India.

1. True

2. True

3. True

4. alse

5. True

6. True

7. True

8. False

1. While expediting a typical climb towards the summit on the last heights, a climber shares a rope with another climber. He firms in and cuts the steps in the hard ice. Then he belays and the other climber inches his way up.

2. A typical climb towards the summit on the last heights becomes discouraging as the breathing becomes very difficult.

3. When the climber once snaps out of the discouraging mood, he regains power not to give up and continue the expedition.

4. The inspiration that the climbers draw from each other keeps them up in tough time.

Ahluwalia was overwhelmed by a deep sense of joy and thankfulness. Looking round from the summit, Ahluwalia told himself that his adventure, though risky, was worthwhile. The surrounding peaks looked like a jewelled necklace. It was an ennobling and enriching experience. He was filled with humility. He thanked God and then left on Everest a picture of Guru Nanak.

The writer was a member of the team that reached the summit of Mount Everest. It was a great achievement. But he did not feel vain or heroic. He felt that his conquest of Everest was merely a physical experience. There was another summit within every person. It was his own mind. One has to climb it also to get fuller knowledge of oneself. This exercise is difficult. It also changes one as does standing on the summit of Mount Everest.

The other summit that has been talked to by the author is the summit of the mind. In the author’s opinion climbing this summit is as difficult as climbing the summit of Mount Everest.

1. 1. granted

2. remains

3. has defied

2. 1. GlimpsIng

2. transported

3. be called

To earn quick profits, the British imposed heavy taxes, thereby forcing the Indian farmers to abandon their fields. They decided to do away with import duty for goods manufactured in England. This crippled the Indian industries. In 1818, they passed Regulation III. Under it, an Indian could be jailed without trial in a court.

This story is the experiences of Major H. P. S. Ahluwalia, a member of the first successful Indian expedition to Mount Everest. Ahluwalia was full of humility when he stood on the summit of Everest. He thanked God for his physical success. It was the highest of the goals for him. While getting down from the summit he asked himself why he climbed Everest and what made him to do so.

The people climb mountains because they present great difficulties. Man takes delight in overcoming obstacles. A climb to a summit means the demonstration of climber’s endurance, persistence and willpower. Since childhood, the narrator has been attracted by mountains. For him mountains are nature at its best. They have a challenging beauty and majesty. They are a means of communion with God.

Everest is the highest and the mightiest peak and has defied many previous attempts. On climbing its summit, one has the sense of victory and of happiness. Its view brings; a spiritual change in his mind. It poses a challenge before him which was difficult to resist. One feels connected with the supernatural element on reaching the summit. One becomes conscious of one’s own smallness in this large Universe. It provides physical, emotional and spiritual fulfilment.

Climbing a mountain is a highly risky job and needs others’ help also. The fellow climbers prove to be a source o inspiration. They remember their Gods to feel confident. It is far more difficult to climb the summit within oneself than to climb the summit of a mountain. One can get a fuller knowledge of oneself merely by climbing one’s personal and internal mountain peaks.

It is fearful and unscalable like the climb to the summit of a mountain. Both the climbs teach one much about the world and about oneself. The Internal summits are much higher than Everest. The climber gets the Inspiration to face life’s ordeals with determination.

An artisan is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative. The artisans suffered because the British were extracting very high taxes from them, which ruined them economically. Moreover, machine-manufactured goods imported from Britain were sold extensively, which ruined the business of the artisans' hand-made goods.

(1) Why Is your neighbour helped by you?

(2) You are completely changed by the experience.

(3) Great difficulties are presented by It.

(4) The last ounce of one’s energy is taken by It.

(5 ) A rope Is being shared with another climber by you.

(6) Every nerve Is strained by you as you take every step.

(7)You are kept up wIth by your companion.

The original song is “Ae mere watan ke logon….” The singer is Lata Mangeshkar. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, Lal Bahadur Shastri, Indira Gandhi, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Rani Laxmi Bai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, Bhagat Singh, Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi are also seen in the picture.

The company’s superior weapons mean all their wits, strength, rules and regulations.

The words of Ram Mohan Roy spoken to his wife were: “Cows are of different colours, but the colour of their milk Is the same. Different teachers have different opinions but the essence of every religion is the same.”

According to the writer, his experience as an Everester provided him with the inspiration to face life’s ordeals determinedly. It taught him that the conquest of the internal summit is as worthwhile as climbing the mountain. He also concluded that perhaps the internal summits are higher than Everest.

(1) It was not being jubilant, but there was a tinge of sadness.

(2) When you climb the summit of Everest, you Eire overwhelmed by a deep sense of joy and thankfulness.

(3) I doubt whether my memories would fade slowly away.

(4) It is difficult to answer the question.

(5) The passage onwards is not more difficult than the passage back.

(6) It is a challenge beyond resistance.

(7) The experience is not only merely physical but also emotional.

(i) Kunwar Singh

(ii) Ram Mohan Roy

(iii) Macaulay

(iv) Maulvi Ahmedulla of Faizabad and Peshwa Nana Saheb

The British officers exploited Indians in many ways. They imposed heavy taxes on Indians farmers and reduced import duty on goods manufactured in England and imported to India. Even they cut the thumbs of expert artisans.

On March 26, I received a letter from one* of my friends. It contained happy news that I had been granted a scholarship from backdate. He asked me to call on him in April so that both would go together to the office of the Superintendent of the school. I was very glad. I even distributed sweets to my neighbours. But when I reached my friend’s house, I found him laughing at me. It was April the first. ‘All Fools Day.’ I got over it soon Emd admired the practical joke or the prank.

According to Ram Mohan Roy, “Cows are of different colours, but the colour of their milk is the same. Different teachers have different opinions, but the essence of every religion is the same.”

The Indian princes were constantly at war with each other. They called the English merchants to help them in their fights. The people had no peace due to such constant fights. The rivalries helped the East India Company subdue the Indian princes one by one.

(i) Untouchability and child marriage 

(ii) The British decided to do away with import duty on goods manufactured in England. This severely affected Indian industries. In 1818, they passed Regulation III. Under it, an Indian could be jailed without trial in a court. 

(iii) They lost their old jobs and lands. They were being converted by the British. 

(iv) Four reasons for the discontent that led to the 1857 War of Independence were: 

→ Indians had become slaves in their own country. 

→ The East India Company destroyed Indian industries. 

→ There was huge difference in the treatment of the English men and the Indians. 

→ The use of grease on the bullet was spoiling the customs of Indians as it was made of the fat of the cows and pigs.

B. hill station and valley

C. For twenty-five years.

15th November 2019

My Dear Chunilal,

Let me first thank you for your letter dated 10th November. I am really feeling sorry for disappointing you. I can understand your resentment. Now allow me to give you happy news. I spoke to my friend in Delhi, and he has agreed to engage you as assistant manager in his firm.

Please come to me on Sunday. I shall then introduce you to my friend.

Regards,

Bepin Choudhury

He was jubilant because of reaching the highest peak in the world and was sad because he had had to go down to reach the real world.

(i) The first man said that they must educate their brothers. 

The second man added that they must try to improve their material conditions. 

The third man suggested that they must convey their grievances to the British Parliament. 

(ii) The first soldier said that the white soldier got huge pay, mansions and servants. 

The second soldier remarked that they got a pittance and slow promotions. 

The third soldier asked who the British were to abolish their customs.

B. Bijju’s mother.

The author has described Bepin Babu as a serious and hardworking man. He worked daily in his office. It was a big firm and he was doing a responsible job. He had been with the firm for twenty-five years. He had a reputation for being a tireless, conscientious worker.

Chunnilal had come to visit as usaual to remind him about his job whom Bepin Babu avoid to meet. But that day he changed his mind and met Chunilal. He thought that it might be possible that the latter remembered something about the Ranchi trip. Chunilal confirmed that Bepin Babu had been to Ranchi. 

Not able to get any solution to his problem, Bepin Babu decided to see a specialist doctor for the treatment of his memory loss.

C. felt relieved.