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There are two types of incomes of a non-trading concern :

1. Revenue incomes and
2. Capital incomes.

1. Revenue income: Incomes received for the regular activities of the concern are known as revenue incomes or receipts. Revenue incomes are those incomes without which the activities of the concern cannot be carried out.

Illustrations: Admission fees of members, Subscriptions, Interest on investments, Incomes from various activities, Locker’s rent, Rent of hall, Government grant or subsidy, Income from entertainment programme, Small amounts of donations or charity, Sale of old newspaper, Sale of sports equipment, Discount, Commission, etc. The revenue incomes or receipts are recorded on the credit side of Income and Expenditure Account. The objective of revenue incomes are to procure regular income.

2. Capital incomes: The incomes which are not received regularly or repeatedly and whose benefit is going to be received by the concern for a longer period, are known as capital incomes or receipts.

Illustrations: Donation, Charity, Subscription received for life membership, Amount of loan taken, etc. Profit arising from the sale of fixed asset is a capital income but it is generally credited to Income-Expenditure Account instead of adding to capital fund. Generally in non-trading concerns except borrowings capital incomes such as donations, legacy, etc. are added in capital fund or are shown separately from capital fund on liabilities side of a Balance Sheet. The objective of capital income is to procure long term fund.

Credit transactions entries and adjustments entries are not to be included in Receipts and Payments Account.

Correct option is (b) Capital expense

The income received from the regular activities of the institution is known as revenue income.

Correct option is (a) Excess of Income over Expenditure

Deferred revenue expense is also known as spread expense.

Meaning: The account which is prepared by non-trading concerns at the end of the year to know the result (Surplus or Deficit) of the institution, is known as Income-Expenditure Account.

Explanation:

On the debit side of this account, current year’s revenue expenses and on the credit side current year’s revenue incomes are recorded. The non-cash transactions like bad debts, provision for doubtful debts, depreciation, etc. are also recorded in this account. The main purpose to prepare this account is to know whether the expenses incurred during the relevant year or time period, are within the rules and regulations.

Points to be kept in mind while preparing the Income-Expenditure Account:

• Keep in mind the year for which the Income- Expenditure Account has to be prepared.
• On the debit side of the Income-Expenditure Account, the current year’s revenue expenses are recorded.
• On the credit side of the Income-Expenditure Account, the current year’s revenue incomes are recorded.
• If the total of the credit side of the Income- Expenditure Account is more, then the difference is recorded on the debit side as ‘Excess of income over expenses (profit).’
• If the total of the debit side of the Income- Expenditure Account is more then the difference is recorded on the credit side as ‘Excess of expenses over incomes (loss).’

Following particulars are not to be considered:

• The opening and closing balances of Receipts-Payments Account.
• All capital incomes and capital expenses.
• Last year’s revenue income received in current year.
• Revenue expenses of last year paid in current year.
• Revenue income received for the next year in the current year.
• Revenue expenses paid for the next year in the current year.

Following details to be considered (which are not shown in the receipts and payments accounts):

• Depreciation, bad-debts reserve, provision for taxation, etc.
• Current year’s outstanding income to be received and current year’s expenses to be paid.
• Current year’s revenue income which was received in the last year and current year’s revenue expenses which was paid in the last year.

As to know about the cash receipts and payments transactions during a year in NonTrading Concerns, Receipts and Payments Account is prepared.

Correct option is (b) Capital income

A non-trading concern prepares its accounts to provide information to its members regarding the receivables and payable and if possible to obtain grant (Subsidy) from the government.

Correct option is (c) Permanent fund

Correct option is (b) Real Account

Correct option is (d) Repairing expense of machine

Correct option is (c) Vadilal Sarabhai hospital

Correct option is (b) To provide services

Correct option is (b) Small retailers

Correct option is (c) Value added tax

The Assistant insists on people posting early for Christmas because parcels get damaged in the last-minute rush.

Everyone in the post office becomes anxious about the Tourist’s parcel because it starts ticking. Earlier the Farmer had talked about the time-bombs and how they tick before they go o. Now everyone thinks the parcel contains a time-bomb.

The old Gentleman has come to collect his old age pension. He has a huge shopping list and he wants money to buy the things on the list.

The problem with the Old Lady’s cat Tiddles is that she is not eating her food. She used to be a big eater. Tiddles has hurt her paw and the Old Lady thinks it must have upset her.

The tourist returns to the post office to collect his gloves which he had left behind. He had forgotten to take them with him when he left the post office after handing over the parcel to the Assistant.

The Assistant tells the tourist that the parcel was in time because it will reach its destination before Christmas. It is a Christmas present and there are some more days to Christmas day.

Goodness! How am I supposed to clean up all this mess! Does “Work Experience Fair” mean people throwing things here and there without any care? Don’t these people ever use dust bins? Work Experience Fair! It is work for me. And nobody to help me! If I don’t finish this in time the, the Director will shout at me. Let him clean the place one day and see how easy it is! These top officers have no idea about how we people suffer. And do they give us a good salary? They give us pittance and expect us to work the whole day. I have heard of Hercules cleaning the Aegean stables. This is worse than that! Well, this is my fate! Oh, the director is coming! Let me hurry with the job!

The old gentleman gets angry with the Assistant because he does not hear properly. When the assistant asks him if he brought the book, he replies he didn’t bring his cook as his wife does all his cooking. The assistant then says he did not hear what she said. The gentleman again misunderstands. He thinks she said that he ought to be in bed. This makes him angry and he asks the Assistant not to be impudent.

Last Minute Fiasco: 

The phone call came from my friend to tell me that his father died and the cremation would be at 4.00 p.m. in his compound. He asked me to convey the message to our common friend George. George and I live at Irinjalakuda and my friend whose father died lives in Thrissur. By car it would take only 30 minutes to reach my friend’s house to attend the cremation. So George and I decided to leave Irinjalakua at 3 o’clock after buying a wreath from a local flower shop.

We chose an expensive wreath with white roses and lilies. We started driving. Unfortunately, there was an accident on the Karuvannur bridge which we had to cross to reach Thrissur. We were delayed by half an hour. Then we rushed and reached our friend’s home around 4.30 p.m. We saw him standing in front of his house.

He looked quite sad. We left the wreath in the car as we knew the cremation had already taken place. We spent a few minutes with our friend condoling with him. From the obituary column of the local newspaper we saw that somebody had died at Irinjalakuda. We got the address of the bereaved family and went to the house the placed the wreath at the foot of the dead body of the stranger. The relatives of the dead people were surprised to see two strangers placing such an expensive wreath. They would never know it was intended for the dead father of our friend!

The Assistant brings a bucket of water so that the parcel could be immersed in it to prevent the time-bomb from going off.

Madam, I know you are angry with me for what happened at the post office. I am really sorry. That is why I came to apologize to you. But since you have refused to meet me, I am leaving this note to let you know what actually happened and how sorry I am. 

When I was coming to the post office I read in the newspaper an item like this: “Bomb found in post office. Scotland Yard has issued a warning that a time bomb disguised as a Christmas parcel was discovered in a London Post office. Any suspicious looking parcel should be reported at once to the local police station.” 

I had this at the back of my mind when the tourist came with the parcel. You know he looked suspicious and look at the way he talked about the parcel, asking so many questions about the time it reaches the central post office and so on. And when you said that the parcel was ticking, I naturally thought there was a time bomb inside.

I asked you to bring a bucket of water to prevent it from exploding and killing or maiming all of us. I only thought of our safety and I had no plan to spoil anybody’s anything. But somehow it turned out to be a blunder on my part. I am sorry. I am sure you are gracious enough to forgive me for the mistake I made as it was made with good intentions.

Joe Freeman Farmer from Avon

The farmer humorously enquired about the bombs because he read the news of a bomb found in a post office. Scotland Yard has issued a warning that a time-bomb disguised as a Christmas parcel was discovered in a London post office. Any suspicious-looking parcel should be reported at once to the local police station.

Sam Peter 

Fox Meadow 

New Jersey, USA 

20 December 2016

The Postmaster General 

London

Sir, 

Sub: RUINING MY SWISS CLOCK I had bought an expensive Swiss clock and I wanted to send it to my friend as a Christmas present. I handed over the packet to the Assistant at the Milton Square Post office and she accepted it and gave me a receipt. I had forgotten by gloves on the counter and when I went back to collect them, I saw my packet being  opened by a policeman. When I asked him the reason for it, I was told that there was a ticking sound and somebody suspected it to contain a time tomb. So it was immersed in water. My precious gift to my friend was ruined.

I want to lodge my protest against such foolish behaviour on the part of your workers in the post office. You have spoiled the joy of my Christmas. I paid 155 Pounds for the clock and then the postal charges. I want a proper compensation forthe loss your worker has caused.

I hope you will take immediate action.

Yours faithfully, 

Sam Peter.

Oh My God! Yesterday I was dead tired riding kilometres after kilometres delivering the goods to the customers. Sometimes they live in almost inaccessible places, and I have to walk carrying the packet to give them. Well, I should not complain because only because they buy things online I have a job to do. So, God, make more people buy more things online!

[email protected]

Hope you are ne. This year I wanted to send you a precious Swiss clock as my Christmas present. I am sure you would be happy with it because it was a beautifully crafted clock. But you know what happened! The Postal Assistant accepted my packet. Then some foolish fellow standing nearby heard the clock ticking and his perverted mind thought the packet had a time bomb. He told people it was ticking and it would explode soon. He asked the Postal Assistant to get a bucket of water and immerse the packet in it to prevent it from exploding! Thus the precious clock got ruined. I’m so sorry, Ranbir!

I have complained to the Post Master General about the ridiculous act.

Hope you had a merry Christmas. Sam Peter

It was actually the farmer who caused all the havoc in the post office. First of all he scared the people by reading out the news loudly: “Bomb found in a post office. Scotland Yard has issued a warning that a time-bomb disguised as a Christmas parcel was discovered in a London post office. Any suspicious-looking parcel should be reported at once to the local police station.” With his ‘expertise’ he is sure that the ticking parcel given by the tourist contains a time bomb. He is the one suggesting to call a policeman. He scares the people by telling them the timebomb will soon go o and they should take cover. He is the one who asks the Assistant to bring a bucket of water. Thus he was instrumental for all the commotion and mischief there.

There are many humorous situations in the play. We laugh when we see somebody coming to the post office and asks where he can get stamps. Another person comes asking for a pint of beer. The deaf man creates a lot of humour as he misunderstands book as cook, said as bed and later Ted. We laugh a lot when see an old lady coming to consult the Assistant about her cat. The greatest humour is when the tourist comes with his ticking parcel and the anxiety created by it. As the parcel with the lime-bomb’ is thrown into water and people run for cover, we really laugh at the foolishness of people.

The play is made humorous by the traits of the characters and also the incidents. The deaf old man makes us laugh a lot. He hears the word book as ‘cook’ and ‘said’ as ‘bed and Ted’. He even accuses the Assistant of being deaf! Then we see the Old Lady coming to complain about her cat thinking the post office to be a clinic for injured animals. We have the Farmer who thinks he knows all about time-bombs. We have the dirty urchin – Bertie- with his horrible English.

We have the Foreign Tourist with his terrible accent. Then there is the incident of a man coming to the post office and asking where he could get a stamp! Another fellow wants a pint of beer. The funniest incident is when people run for cover and the parcel is dropped in a bucket of water. The Tourist had brought a beautiful clock from Switzerland as a Christmas present to his friend. And see what havoc it caused and how it ended up in water!

In connection with the school anniversary, the Literary Club of our school has decided to enact the play Post Early for Christmas by the well-known British Dramatist R.H. Wood. The play will be staged in the school Auditorium, at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, the 24m of July 2015.

In connection with the school anniversary, the Literary Club of our school has decided to enact the play Post Early for Christmas by the well-known British Dramatist R.H. Wood. The play will be staged in the school Auditorium, at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, the 24m of July 2015.

It is a very hilarious play in which a Christmas parcel containing a beautiful Swiss clock is misunderstood to be a time-bomb. The people get panicky and run for cover as the clock stops ticking. The story takes place in a village post office in England. You see different kinds of people coming to the post office, sometimes even mistaking it for something else.

The direction of the play is by Mr. Fahad Ibrahim, our English teacher. Music is by Mithun Kuttappan. Students of the XII Class will be acting as the various characters. Come and enjoy two hours of pure fun!

C. Barrackpore

The precaution taken by Kemp after reading the letter send to him by Griffin prove that he took the contents of the letter very seriously. He could recognize Griffin’s matter-offact tone and he knew that this angered man meant business. Therefore, he left his meal at once and instantly called his maid-servant to check all the window-fastenings and close all the shutters. He personally closed the shutters of his study-room. Then he equipped himself with his revolver to protect himself against any odds. Next, he wrote a note to Adye, telling him all about the letter. He suggested that he was ready to act as bait for Griffin and requested Adye to make all preparations to capture him. He felt certain that Griffin would walk into this trap and would be captured the moment he would come to assault him. He then asked the maid to carry the note to Adye and gave her strict instructions about the way to be followed to leave the house. He then returned to his lunch, but even while eating he mentally reviewed all the details and felt satisfied with the prompt action taken by him. His excitement and certainty about trapping Griffin established his seriousness regarding the contents of the letter.

a. Name of country 

b. Name of scientist 

c. Chlorine 

d. Calcium, - Fluorine

Atom → Molecule → Small particle → Substances

a. 2N represent 2 atoms of Nitrogen. N₂ represent Nitrogen molecules can be formed by combining two atoms of Nitrogen.

b. 8 atoms

c. 5 H₂O

a. Carbon dioxide – Compound, others are elements.

b. Magnesium – Others take symbols from their Latin name.

c. CO₂

d. Natrium

a. N₂ – One nitrogen molecule

2N – Two nitrogen atoms

2N₂ – Two nitrogen molecules

b. 5N₂ – 10 atoms, 5 molecules

Symbol of Nitrogen.

The symbol that represent the element Nitrogen is ‘N’. ‘Na’ is the symbol of sodium.

a. CO – 2

b. 5 H₂O -15;

c. 7 NH₃ – 28;

d. 2C₂ H₂₂ O₁₁ – 90

e. 3 NaCl – 6

f. ZnCl₂ – 3