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Sulphur is used in vulcanization of rubber.

(a) Ionic co mpound: Sodium chloride, NaCl.

Cova lent c ompound: Carbon tetrachloride, CCl 4

(b) Out of A and B, the compound whose aqueous solution cond ucts electricity will be an ionic compound.

(i) Covalent

(ii) Covalent

(iii) Two

(iv) Three

(v) Two

(vi) Higher

The chemical bonds formed between two atoms by the sharing of electrons between them is known as a covalent bond. The sharing of electrons between the two atoms takes place in such a way that both the atoms acquire stable electronic configuration of their nearest noble gas

(i) CCl₄ - Covalent bond

(ii) CaCl₂ - Ionic bond

(c) polyester

(b) melamine formal dehyde

Butyl hydroxy toluene, It is an antioxidant where as others are artificial sweetening agents.

(a) acrylonitrile + Buta – 1, 3 – diene

(a) ethylene glycol + terephthalic acid

(b) chloroprene

(a) The chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two atoms is known as a covalent bond.

(i) Covalent bonds (ii) Ionic bonds

(b) The chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another is known as an ionic bond.

Covalent bond is present in an oxygen molecule.

(c) styrene + butadiene

Chemical compound used for the treatment stress are called tranquilizer

Polyester. It is a synthetic polymer whereas others are natural polymer.

1. Tetracyclines inhibit the bacterial protein synthesis via interaction with the 30 S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. eg., doxycycline, minocycline. 

2. It is used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, infections of the respiratory tract, cholera.

(b) phenol + methanal

Metal - mercury, Non-metal - bromine.

(a) Hydrogen peroxide

Cellulose, It is a natural polymer whereas others are synthetic polymers.

1. The substances which are not naturally a part of the food and added to improve the quality of food are called food additives. 

2. e.g., Aroma compounds, antioxidants, preservatives, stabilizers, food colours, buffering substances are food additives.

1. Antimicrobials inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. 

2. e.g., penicillin, ampicillin. 

3. It is used to treat skin infections, dental infections, ear infections, respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia, urinary tract infections and gonorrhoea.

The withdrawal symptoms may range from mild tremors or convulsions, severe agitation and fits, depressed mood, anxiety, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, dryness of throat, etc, depending on the type of drug abuse.

(d) chioroxylenol + terpeneol

Bakelite. It is thermosetting plastic whereas others are thermoplastic.

Magnesium hydroxide is a better antacid because being insoluble, it does not allow, the pH to increase above neutral. However, sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃) being soluble, its excess can make the stomach alkaline and trigger the production of even more acid.

Propofol is not an antacid.

(d) all the above

(a) 0.2% phenol, 1% phenol

1. Uses of preservatives reduce the product spoilage and extend the shelf-life of food. 

2. Addition of vitamins and minerals reduces the mall nutrient. 

3. Flavouring agents enhance the aroma of the food. 

4. Antioxidants prevent the formation of potentially toxic oxidation products of lipids and other food constituents.

1. Antihistamines block histamine release from histamine – 1 receptors. 

2. eg., cetirizine, terfenadine, levocetirizine.

3. It is used to provide relief from the allergic effects.

Non-metal (lustrous) = Iodine (I)

Metal (non-Iustrous) = Sodium (Na)

1. Antiseptic:

They are the drugs used to stop (or) slow down the growth of micro organism and they are applied to living tissue (body). 

Example: H₂O₂ . 

2. Disinfectant: 

They are the drugs used to stop or slow the growth of micro organism and they are applied on inanimate objects (non living surfaces). 

Example: Chlorine compounds. 

To treat acidity, weak base such as magnesium hydroxide is used. But this weak base make the stomach alkaline and trigger the production of much acid. This treatment only relieves the symptoms and does not control the cause. But ranitine stimulate the secretion of HCI by activating the receptor in the stomach wall which binds the receptor and inactivate them. So ranitine is a better antacid than magnesium hydroxide.

Bakelite. It is a thermosetting plastic whereas others are synthetic rubber.

1. Local anaesthetics cause loss of sensation in the area in which it is applied without losing consciousness. They block pain perception that is transmitted via peripheral nerve fibre to the brain. e.g., procaine, lidocaine

2. They are often used during minor surgical procedures.

Cemitidine. It is an antacid whereas others are anaesthetics.

1. Local anaesthetics: 

It causes loss of sensation in the area in which it is applied without losing consciousness. They block pain perception that is transmitted via peripheral nerve fibres to the brain.

Example: Procaine, Li do Caine. They are often used during minor surgical procedures.

2. General anaesthetics: 

They cause a controlled and reversible loss of consciousness by affecting central nervous system. 

Example: Propofol, Isoflurane. They are often used for major surgical procedures.

1. General anaesthetics are drugs cause a controlled and reversible loss of consciousness by affecting central nervous system. e.g., propofol, iso flurane. 

2. They are often used for major surgical procedures.

When dil. HCl reacts with an active metal hydrogen gas is evolved.

It could be recognized by bringing a burning matchstick or candle towards the place from which the gas is being evolved, it would be observed that the matchstick would burn with a pop sound.

1. Antacids neutralise the acid in the stomach that causes acidity. 

2. They are used to relieve burning sensation in the chest, throat area caused by acid reflux. 

Example – Milk of magnesia, alumminium hydroxide, Ranitidine, Cemitidino, Omeprazole, Rabeprazole.

Erythromycin. It is antimicrobial whereas others are antacids.

(a) Both A and R are correct and R explains A.

(a) Both A and R are correct and R explains A.

When the pH of the mouth falls below 5.5 then our enamel which is composed of calcium phosphate gets corroded leading to tooth decay.

Formic acid is present in sting of red ant.

7 is the pH of distilled water.