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The purpose of establishing several Biosphere Reserve, Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks in India is to provide protected habitat to animals birds and plants which otherwise will be captured by humans. The other purpose is also to provide ample of space to flora and fauna to survive and grow in numbers without the fear of human intervention. This also leads to conservation and development of natural forest lands.

The two stanzas in the poem, one by Romeo and the other by Juliet, highlight the intensity of love of the young lovers. This intensity of love is brought out by using the contrasting imagery of night and day, black and white, bright jewel and a dark surface, snowy dove, etc. Factually speaking, the words ‘bright’ and ‘night’ appear in Romeo’s praise of Juliet’s brightness when he sees her for the first time in the feast hosted by Lord Capulet. Romeo uses the phrase ‘snowy dove’ to refer to and to distinguish Juliet from other ladies in the room. Romeo uses the word ‘crows’ to refer to the other ladies in the room.

Furthermore, Romeo compares Juliet’s brightness with ‘a rich jewel’ hanging upon the cheek of an Ethiope’s ear. Romeo uses these words to highlight her beauty. It also symbolizes the emotional intensity that he shows towards Juliet.

Similarly, Juliet uses the phrase ‘day in the night and ‘whiter than new snow on a raven’s back’ to refer to Romeo. Secondly, she uses the words ‘stars in the night sky’ to refer to Romeo. Literally speaking, both the meetings between Romeo and Juliet take place at night. Secondly, their meeting has to be a closely guarded secret because of the ‘hostility’ and the ‘enmity’ that exists between the two rival families the Montagues and the Capulets.

When Romeo goes to the Capulet*s party, he goes wearing a mask at night. Similarly, he promises to meet Juliet in her chamber on the wedding night, so as not to be seen by anyone. That is why the word ‘night’ symbolically stands for ‘secrecy’ and ‘caution’ that needs to be exercised in their love affair. Thus the playwright has used the word ‘black’ and ‘night’ to strengthen the emotional situation. Thematically speaking, the words ‘day and night’, ‘black and white’, ‘night’ and ‘raven’ are used to evoke the image of ‘death’ whereas ‘white dove’ is a symbol of purity, peace and ‘love’. A raven or a ‘black crow’ is considered a bird of illomen.

Furthermore, ‘When I shall die’ and ‘cut him out in little stars’, and ‘heaven’ are expressions that clearly refer to death and immortality. Thus, the playwright is hinting that the secret love affair between the two rivals will culminate in the tragic death of Romeo and Juliet. It can also be inferred that probably Juliet has a premonition of their impending death because of the fatal attraction between them and the enmity that exists between the two families. Thus, the contrasting imagery serves to highlight the intensity of their love.

The correct answer is B) Reuse of water.

Structure of employment denotes number of workers engaged in different sectors of the economy.

The trends are 

(a) Increasing self-employment.

(b) Firms using fewer full-time employees and tending to offer more short-term contracts.

(c) There has been a growth in part-time employment.

Those who are engaged in economic activities, in whatever capacity – high (or) low are called employees.

The nature of employment in India is multidimensional. Some get employment throughout the year. Some others get employed for only a few months in a year.

A template is a pre-designed format of text and color scheme.

(b) employer

(c) A set of predefined formats of text or color scheme is called theme.

(d) Slide Sorter view

(c) Custom Animation can be used for the desired functionality.

True 

Special effects used to introduce slides in a presentation are called transitions.

1. Seema can do this in following two ways: 

(a)  Creating same design on each slide and handouts manually. 

(b)  Using slide master and handout master. 

2. In the first method , the efforts are increased by many efforts and many errors in design may creep in. The second method ensures reduce efforts and identical design on each slide and handout.

1. Press the Slide Sorter view button in work space area to view all the slides together. 

2. In the Slide Transition page, set the timing in Advance slide sections Automatically after position where the slide will automatically play after a speculated time period. 

3. In the layouts of tasks pane, select a chart type slide or use Insert —> Chart menu option.

A neuron is a microscopic structure composed of three major parts namely cell body (soma), dendrites and axon. The cell body is the spherical part of the neuron that contains all the cellular organelles as a typical cell (except centriole). The plasma membrane covering the neuron is called neurilemma and the axon is axolemma.

The repeatedly branched short fibres coming out of the cell body are called dendrites, which transmit impulses towards the cell body. The cell body and the dendrites contain cytoplasm and granulated endoplasmic reticulum called Nissl’s granules.

An axon is a long fibre that arises from a cone shaped area of the cell body called the Axon hillock and ends at the branched distal end. Axon hillock is the place where the nerve impulse is generated in the motor neurons.

The axon of one neuron branches and forms connections with many other neurons. An axon contains the same organelles found in the dendrites and cell body but lacks Nissl’s granules and Golgi apparatus.

The axon, particularly of peripheral nerves is surrounded by Schwann cells (a type of glial cell) to form myelin sheath, which act as an insulator. Myelin sheath is associated only with the axon; dendrites are always non-myelinated.

Schwann cells are not continuous along the axon; so there are gaps in the myelin sheath between adjacent Schwann cells. These gaps are called Nodes of Ranvier.

Large myelinated nerve fibres conduct impulses rapidly, whereas non-myelinated fibres conduct impulses quite slowly. Each branch at the distal end of the axon terminates into a bulb like structure called synaptic knob which possesses synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitters. The axon transmits nerve impulses away from the cell body to inter neural space or to a neuro-muscular junction.

(c) Greater efflux of K⁺ outside the cell than Na⁺ influx into the cell.

The plasma membrane covering the neuron is called Neurilemma.

During the resting potential, the interior of the cell is negative due to greater efflux of potassium ions outside the cell.

The threshold potential is -55 mV.

The normal value of resting membrane potential is -70 mV.

i. Breeding of crops for improvement of nutritional quality.

ii. Higher level of vitamins/proteins/minerals/healthier fats. (Any one)

Biofortification is the method for developing crops with higher levels of vitamins, minerals, proteins and healthier fats to improve public health.

The objectives of biofortification is to improve

i. Protein content and quality.

ii. Oil content and quality.

iii. Vitamin content.

iv. Micronutrients and mineral content.

The Indian Agricultural Research Institute released several vegetable crops that are rich in vitamins and minerals. For example, vitamin A enriched carrots, vitamin C enriched bitter gourd, etc.

Inter specific hybridisation

(a) emasculation

The main steps in breeding a new genetic variety of a crop are:

(i) Collection of variability

(ii) Evaluation and selection of parents:

(iii) Cross hybridisation among the selected parents:

(iv) Selection and testing of superior recombinants Testing, release and commercialisation of new cultivars.

Apis indica is the common species of honeybee in India.

(i) Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are disease resistant.

The two steps for classical plant breeding are:

i. Cross breeding or cross hybridisation of pure lines.

ii. Artificial selection to produce plants with desirable traits.

(a)  5,2,4,3,1

White revolution - Milk production.

• Collection of variability – variability is recorded
• Evaluation and selection of parents – desirable traits are searched and parents are selected. They are selfed to obtain homozyosity.
• Cross hybridisation – single to multiple crosses are made between parents of desirable traits to produce a single variety. They are protected from contamination 
• Selection – seeds of desired characters are selected. Selection is made at every generation. Back cross done if desired characters of one parent is not incorporated. 
• Testing, release and commercialisation – Tested by ICAR and released after giving a variety name.

Objective of animal breeding is to increase the yield of animal and improve the desirable qualities of the produce.

Fish and other edible aquatic animals are important source of food rich is proteins, minerals and vitamins and is a source of oil. It provides with good financial gain . Enhanced food availability is called Blue Revolution.

1. Sponges (Porifera) 

2. Comb jellies (Ctenophora) 

3. Hydras, jellyfishes, sea anemones, and corals (Cnidaria) 

4. Starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumbers (Echinodermata) 

5. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) 

6. Round or threadworms (Nematoda) 

7. Earthworms and leeches (Annelida) 

8. Insects and arachnids (Arthropoda)

9. Snails, and octopuses (Mollusca)

Mutation breeding is used Mutation breeding is the process in which mutations are induced by the use of chemicals or radiation and selecting and using the plants that show the desirable characters,

e.g.: By this process, mung bean is resistant to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew has been produced.

1. Yellow mosaic virus

2. Abelmoschus esculentus

Purpose of animal breeding:

i. Increase in quantity of yield.

ii. Improving quality of produce.

Apiculture (Bee-keeping) → Rearing, care and management of honey bees. Importance:-

(a) Honey

• Natural aromatic sweet syrup
• Natural sweetener, laxative, blood purifier. 
• Immediate source of energy

(b) Bee wax – Used in cosmetics, creams, ointment

(c) Bee venom – Venom from sting used in Rheumatoid arthritis

(d) Propolis – Derived from plants for antiseptic and antibiotics

(e) Pollination – Honey Bees act as major pollinators

Unicellular Organisms: 

1. They are made up of single cell. 

2. They can perform all the functions of life. 

3. They are very small (microscopic) in size 

4. They lack tissues, organs and organ systems 

5. Growth occurs by an increase in the size of the cell. 

6. Eg. Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena.

Mukkellubr Organisms :

1. They are made up of many cells. 

2. Different cells perform different functions. 

3. They are mostly large in size. They are seen through naked eyes. 

4. They are composed of tissues, and organ yems.

5. Growth occurs by an increase in the number of cells by cell division. 

6. Eg. Earthworms, Fish, Frogs, Lizard and Human being.

 Correct answer is (c) Migration

1. The streamlined body shape.

2. Their forelimbs are modified into wings. 

3. They have hollow and light bones for easy flying. 

4. The body of the birds are covered with feathers.

Pteridophytes and gymnosperms.

(b) crossing with wild varieties

We can see Camels in Rajasthan.

d. Air, food and water

(d) quadripedal

The tail helps the bird to change its direction while flying in air.

The following efforts need to be put in:

i. The cattle in the dairy farm must be housed and fed properly.

ii. Cleanliness should be maintained in the milking area.

iii. The health of the dairy cattle should be of utmost importance and a veterinary doctor must visit regularly.

iv. Regular inspections of the farm, maintaining records, identification and rectification of problems should be done along with maintaining precautionary measures.

v. Milking should be done in a dirt-free area and all the sanitary conditions should be maintained.

vi. High-yielding and disease-resistant breeds can be selected to maximise benefits.

Breed – Homogeneous group of animals within a species, subspecies or a variety which are related by descent and are similar in general appearance, size, configuration and other features.

E.g.: Sahiwal, Brown swiss.

Objectives of Animal Breeding:

• Increase yield like that of milk, egg, meet and wool.
• Better quality of animal products
• Higher growth rate
• Resistance to diseases
• Longer productive life
• Better assimilation efficiency
• Higher reproductive rate.