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The two systems that govern membership in the Joint Hindus family business are: 

1. A Joint Hindu family firm is governed by the general rules of Hindu law. 

2. A Joint Hindu family firm is recognised as a.separate entity by law.

The members of Hindu Undivided Family

Through an agreement among the partners

Correct option is (c) personally

1. False

2. True

(a) The organization is a sole proprietorship firm : Sole proprietors have unlimited liability. This implies that the owner is personally responsible for payment of debts in case the assets of the business are not sufficient to meet all the debts. As such the owner’s personal possessions such as his/her persona! car and other assets could be sold for repaying the debt. In the given case, the total debts that remain unpaid.are Rs. 80,000 but the organizational assets amount to Rs.50,000 only. In such a situation, the creditors can demand from the proprietor to pay Rs.3 0,000 from his/her personal sources even if he/she has to sell his/her personal property to repay the firm’s debts,

(b) The organization is a partnership firm with Anthony and Akbar as partners. The partners of a firm have unlimited liability. Personal assets may be used for repaying debts in case the business assets are insufficient. As the total debts that remain unpaid are Rs. 80,000 but the organizational assets amount to Rs, 50,000 only, the creditors can demand from both or any of the partners Anthony and Akbar to pay Rs. 30,000 from their personal sources even if they have to sell their personal property to repay the firm’s debts.

In the given situation, creditors can demand the payment of debt from both Anthony and Akbar as the partners are Jointly liable for payment of debts and they contribute in proportion to their share in business as they are liable to that extent. However, if one of them is not available or is unable to pay, the other partner will have to pay the creditors as each partner can be held responsible for repaying the debts of the ‘ business. Such a partner can later recover from the other partner an amount of money equivalent to the share in liability defined as per the partnership agreement.

Hindu undivided family business

principal of each other.

Partnership.

1. True

2. False

Correct option is (a) Finance

Sole proprietorship

(i) Finance

(ii) SIDBI

(iii) SIDBI

(iv) SIDBI Venture Capital Ltd. (SVCL)

Partnership according to business:

1. Banking firm:

• A partnership firm that accepts deposits from public and as per specific conditions lend money to the customers is called a banking firm.
• A banking firm has minimum 2 partners and maximum 10 partners.

2. General (Non-banking) firm:

• A partnership firm created for any legal activity other than banking is called a general partnership firm.
• This firm can.have minimum 2 partners and maximum 20.

The type of commercial organisation established for providing services to its members- Co-operative society. 

Explanation: 

The purpose of a co-operative society is not to earn profits but to provide services to its members. It is registered under the Cooperative Societies Act 1912.

The commercial organisation which has maximum secrecy- Sole proprietorship. 

Explanation: 

A sole trading concern ensures maximum business secrecy. All the information related to the business remains with the owner and it is up to him whether he wants to share the information with others or not. So, others cannot take undue advantage.

Sole proprietorship

The rules and regulation laid down by the managing committee of a cooperative organisation- one member one vote. 

Explanation: 

The rules and regulation laid down by the managing committee of a cooperative organisation is ‘one member one vote’. This implies that, in a cooperative organisation, any decision or rule is passed only after consulting each member. It is done through voting, where each member’s vote is counted as one vote. If the majority is in favor, then the rule is passed, otherwise not.

A partnership firm that accepts deposits from public and as per specific conditions lend money to the customers is called a banking firm. A banking firm has minimum 2 partners and maximum lo partners.

The Right option is : (ii) Ten 

(b) Government

Banking firm:

• A partnership firm that accepts deposits from public and as per specific conditions lend money to the customers is called a banking firm.
• A banking firm has minimum 2 partners and maximum 10 partners.

(a) Individuals

An elected body of representatives of a co-operative organisation for its day to day administration- Managing committee. 

Explanation: 

A cooperative society is formed to provide services to its members. It is managed and controlled by the managing committee which is a body that consists of elected representatives of cooperative organisation.

• The doctrine of Indoor Management states that persons entering into a contract with the company need not inquire whether the company or its officers have properly followed the internal proceedings. 
• It is assumed that the company acts as per its Memorandum and Articles of Association. 
• The doctrine of Indoor Management protects the interest of outsiders when they act based on the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association.

Features of Multinational Corporation: Following are the features of Multinational Corporation:

(i) Advanced and Sophisticated Technology : Multinational company has large capital and sophisticated technology and infrastructure. As a result it undertakes diversified and multifarious activities including manufacturing, marketing, financial, research and development.

(ii) Legal Existence : MNCs are registered in their home country as per their laws and as such they enjoy separate legal status. It can sue and be sued, enter into contracts and own property in their own name.

(iii) Government: MNCs have to bring about the necessary changes in their functioning based upon the laws prevailing in the countries of their operations. For e.g. advertisement about various products on TV is given in local languages in India and in national language Hindi, to cover maximum target audience. In some cases they have to change the menu to suit local demands for e.g. McDonalds had to change its menu for its business in India.

(iv) Origin: The MNCs have origin in one country and the country to which they belong is called home country. The country in which they operate their business activities is called host country. These companies are registered in their home country and have a place of business in different countries of the world. The head office controls the operations of different branches through a network of internet. They also appoint their representatives in host countries for smooth business operations.

Sole proprietorship

Business organisation which is controlled by Hindu Succession Act is known as joint Hindu family firm. 

Explanation: 

A joint Hindu family business is governed by the Hindu Succession Act. Enacted in 1956, it specifies the rights and liabilities of coparceners. This law has further extended the line of co-parcenery to the daughters in a joint Hindu family.

It is an invitation to the public by the Joint Stock Company to subscribe to the shares of the company.

Private company issues “Statement in lieu of Prospectus” in place of ‘framing its own-‘Prospectus’.

(A) Meaning: 

(i) Global enterprises or Multinational Corporations are the Corporations which under take business activities in more than one country. Any company having its head office in one country and place of business in other countries is called a Multinational Corporation.

(ii) Multinational Corporation played an important role in the Indian Economy since 1991. They have become a common feature of developing economies in the world. A Multinational Corporation is a corporation which operates, in addition to the country in which it is incorporated, in one or more other countries.

(B) Features of Multinational Corporation: 

Following are the features of Multinational Corporation:

(i) Advanced and Sophisticated Technology : Multinational company has large capital and sophisticated technology and infrastructure. As a result it undertakes diversified and multifarious activities including manufacturing, marketing, financial, research and development.

(ii) Legal Existence : MNCs are registered in their home country as per their laws and as such they enjoy separate legal status. It can sue and be sued, enter into contracts and own property in their own name.

(iii) Government: MNCs have to bring about the necessary changes in their functioning based upon the laws prevailing in the countries of their operations. For e.g. advertisement about various products on TV is given in local languages in India and in national language Hindi, to cover maximum target audience. In some cases they have to change the menu to suit local demands for e.g. McDonalds had to change its menu for its business in India.

(iv) Origin: The MNCs have origin in one country and the country to which they belong is called home country. The country in which they operate their business activities is called host country. These companies are registered in their home country and have a place of business in different countries of the world. The head office controls the operations of different branches through a network of internet. They also appoint their representatives in host countries for smooth business operations.

(v) Research & Development: MNCs give lot of importance to research and development activities. They are also fully equipped and have necessary infrastructure. The R&D is undertaken for finding out new product, new system, new technology, new methods of doing business in an economical way.

(vi) International Operations : Multinational Corporation play a significant role in world trade. Nearly 40% of the world is contributed by the multinational companies.

(vii) Target Profit Oriented : Earning profit is the main motive of MNCs. For this purpose they introduce new and novel products, launch new marketing schemes, organize trade fairs and exhibitions, does lots of publicity and adopts professional approach in all its dealings.

(viii) Huge Assets and Turnover : Multinational Corporation have huge financial strength because of huge capital and assets. This enables it to develop its business potential in developing and under developing nations where they can earn handsome profits.

(ix) Mighty Economic Power: Multinational Corporation has a huge capital and assets so they have a mighty economic power. They keep on adding to their economic power through constant mergers and acquisitions of companies in host countries. 

(x) Centralized Control: Multinational Corporation is managed by parent company. It manages affairs of the subsidiary company from the respective home country. Multinational corporations are controlled by parent companies and mostly home strategic. 

(xi) Area of Operation : MNCs operate in different countries of the world and deal in multiple products on a large scale. They operate in those countries where chance of maximizing profit is more. MNCs of developed nations dominate the global market and they undertake production or marketing activities and so on. For . e.g. Coca Cola, Tata Tea and so on have global presence.

(xii) Professional Management: A MNC employs professionally qualified personnel to handle huge funds, advanced technology and international operations.

Limited managerial skills is the limitation of Joint Hindu family business. 

Explanation: 

The head of the family, also known as Karta, manages and controls the family business whereas; other members cannot interfere in the decisions of business. Thus, as a joint Hindu family business is managed and controlled by only one person, it results in limited ideas and management.

i. Red Herring Prospectus

ii. Red Herring Prospectus

Correct option is  (b) limitation

Correct option is (a) unlimited

The Right option is : (iii) Karta

The following speech has been developed based on the excerpts from Lok Sabha debate as presented by Major General (Retired) B.C. Khanduri of BJP: 

Sir, I would respectfully draw the attention of august house towards the US hegemony in today’s scenario. But we should not ignore the fact that India might be next waiting in the wings to perform as a superpower to maintain its own identity. Moreover, hegemony can not stand forever due to its weaknesses. Therefore, we are supposed to have a good and harmonious relations with that of the US for mutual promotion of trade and technology. But India should not compromise from the same on the cost of its own security and identity. 

Hence, India should work in a diplomatic manner while it thinks to go hand-in hand the US in such a manner that India could extract best benefits from the US hegemony and find out mutual options for itself.

Thanks

This proposition focuses only on, the powers of the state and believes that only big and resourceful states can challenge the US hegemony which it approaches right in a practical manner, but if we think deeply these are thoughts and pens of writers, expressions of artists, media and intellectuals who have no boundaries including hegemony itself to be criticized and resisted in the form of non-government organisations (NGOs), social movements and public opinion. Hence, non-state actors may challenge the US hegemony also in their own way and it can work out also.

At the Tiger King’s birth, royal astrologers predicted that he would grow up as a great warrior. hero and champion. He was born under the star of bull. The bull and the tiger being enemies, his death was predicted to be caused by a tiger.

व्याघ्र राजा के जन्म के समय राज-ज्योतिषियों ने भविष्यवाणी की कि वह बड़ा होकर एक महान योद्धा, नायक व विजेता बनेगा । उन्होंने यह भी भविष्यवाणी की कि उसकी मृत्यु एक व्याघ्र के कारण होगी। वह वृषभ राशि के प्रभाव में जन्मा था। वृषभ और व्याघ्र की आपस में शत्रुता होने के कारण एक व्याघ्र को उसकी मृत्यु का कारण बनने की भविष्यवाणी की गई।

The Happy Prince sent the sapphires to two people: The young writer who lived across the city and the match-girl.
The young writer was trying hard to finish a play for the Director of the Theatre. As there was no fire in the grate and hunger had made him feel faint, he was too cold to write anymore, The young playwright could sell the sapphire s to the jeweller. He could then buy firewood,? and finish his play. On seeing the sapphire, the young man felt appreciated and believed that he could finish his play.

The Happy Prince then saw a little match-girl who was standing in the square just below him. All her matches had fallen into the gutter and were all spoiled. The prince knew that the match girls father would beat her if she did not bring home some money. When the swallow slipped the jewel into the palm of the little girl’s hand, she ran home happy and laughing.

Anne’s hair are yellow, like the colour of honey. She says that she can change it to black, brown or carrot. She means that she can change it to any colour she wants. Anne says so to show that outer beauty is changeable and not permanent or real. She wants young men to look into her soul attid love her for her inner beauty. In order to do so, she needs to show them the superficiality of her external beauty.

The young woman’s hair is of yellow color. She says that she could get her hair dyed to brown, black or carrot color. She would change the color of her hair so that the young men in despair would love her only and not her yellow hair. She wanted them to love her for what she was and not for her appearance such as her hair color.

Correct option is D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

The poem states that physical beauty may be important for young men or the human beings. He loves the human beings without their colour or physical aspects.

Correct answer is (d) unkind

By giving this simile Forster wants to say that cultivated people are very few in this world. But they mix easily, become friendly and behave well with others.

यह उपमा देकर फोरस्टर कहना चाहता है कि शिक्षित एवं भद्र लोग इस संसार में बहुत ही कम हैं। पर वे अन्य लोगों के साथ आसानी से घुलमिल जाते हैं, मैत्रीपूर्ण बन जाते हैं और अच्छा व्यवहार करते हैं।

Once the blue blooded aristocracy with all the material resources at their command, tried to acquire the culture that was in their view, a mark of social distinction. Thus whatever encourages separatism, exclusiveness or a feeling of class superiority is antagonistic to culture in the right sense of culture. If culture is desirable condition of life, it should be available to all alike. For this purpose it is necessary to create a conditon in which education is made free at all stages. This light of education will help in growing new ideas in him and he will consider all things without prejudice.

एक बार शाही व संभ्रान्त अभिजात वर्ग के लोगों ने अपने नियंत्रणाधीन समस्त सामग्री संसाधनों के साथ, संस्कृति को अर्जित करने का प्रयास किया, जो उनके अनुसार सामाजिक उत्कृष्टता का प्रतीक था। इस प्रकार जो कोई दुराववाद, गैर-मिलनसारिता या वर्ग श्रेष्ठता की भावना को बढ़ावा देता है सही अर्थों में वह संस्कृति का घोर विरोधी है। यदि संस्कृति जीवन की वांछनीय दशा है तो यह सभी को समान रूप से उपलब्ध होनी चाहिये। इसके लिये यह आवश्यक है कि शिक्षा को सभी स्तरों पर नि:शुल्क बनाया जाये। शिक्षा की यह रोशनी नये विचारों का उदय होने में उसकी मदद करेगी और वह सभी बातें बिना पूर्वाग्रह के मान लेगा।

Modern age is tending to a gradual removal of separation between man and man, as well as between class and class. Therefore culture now has come to acquire a . value and significance in social life not contemplated in the past.For if culture means pursuit of perfection, it is obvious that the more widely it is spread among the people at large, the better it would be for the community. The pursuit of culture depends on education. Formerly education was confined to privileged section from which others were excluded.

आधुनिक युग मानव-मानव के बीच और इसी प्रकार वर्ग-वर्ग के बीच दुराव को मिटाने की तरफ धीरेधीरे प्रवृत हो रहा है। इसलिए संस्कृति सामाजिक जीवन में नये मूल्य व महत्व अर्जित करने वाली है जो भूतकाल में सोचा-विचारा नहीं गया था। यदि संस्कृति का आशय पूर्णता की लक्ष्य प्राप्ति है, तो यह स्पष्ट है कि इसे लोगों के बीच जितना अधिक फैलाया जायेगा उतना ही समुदाय के लिये अधिक अच्छा होगा। संस्कृति के लक्ष्य शिक्षा पर निर्भर करते हैं। पूर्व में शिक्षा केवल धनी और शक्तिशाली वर्ग तक ही सीमित थी, इससे अन्य वर्गों को वंचित रखा गया था।

Vegetables/leafy vegetables, tubers, fruits, sprouts are the main sources of roughage. Some food materials like orange, sweet potato are also rich in dietary fibres.