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That form of government, in which the rulers are elected by the votes cast by the people and they are responsible towards the people.

Decision taken by the people in context to any dispute, rule, bill, issue or law is known as public opinion.

A democratic government makes special provisions for the people from deprived and backward classes on the basis of equality and justice.

For example : 

1. In order to eliminate the disparity between the girls and the boys, the government has made certain special provisions for the girls. 

2. Special provisions have been made for the welfare of people from certain backward and deprived classes.

Following are the characteristics of a democratic government: 

1. It is elected by the people. 

2. It is the rule for the people, by the people and of the people. 

3. This government is answerable to the people. 

4. Sarpanch, Councilors, Members of Parliament and Legislators are the public representatives in this government.

A democratic government has the objective of giving priority to the welfare of people in whatever decisions it takes. 

Generally, the following functions are performed by a democratic government:

1. The government provides various types of facilities to the people, such asroads, schools, hospitals, electricity, etc. 

2. The government works on various social issues, such as- running various schemes for the uplift of the poor and the deprived people.

3. The government performs important functions of running the railways, post and telegraph services, etc. 

4. A major function of the government is to keep the boundaries of the country safe and secured and to establish cordial relations with other countries. 

5. Another major function of a democratic government is to provide sufficient and nutritious food and quality healthcare services to all the citizens of the country.

B = 2a² – b²

Put the values of a = 3 and b = -1 in above equation

B = 2 x (3)² – (-1)²

B = 18 – 1

B = 17

Value of B is = 17

T = 2a – b, a = 1 and b = 3

Put the value of a = 1, and b = 3 in above equation

T = (2 x 7) - 3

T = 14 – 3 = 11

T = 11

Following are the points of importance of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA scheme: 

1. This scheme has played an important role in providing employment to the rural people. 

2. This scheme has provided employment to the people on the basis of money in exchange of work. 

3. This scheme has ended the contractor system. 

4. This scheme has proved to be beneficial in the construction of fences, anicuts, ponds, baoris, etc. 

5. This scheme has proved to be a good scheme which is running in entire India.

Wages for t hours = Rs B

Wages for overtime = R(T – t)

=> Total wages = Wages for t hours + wages for overtime of (T – t) hours

=> Rs W = Rs B + Rs R (T – t)

An appreciation of the poem:

The poet says that while sitting reclined on a woodland grove, his mind was filled with several thoughts. While he finds solace in the nature’s beauty, the same beauty also reminds him of sad thoughts, The speaker appreciates the nature for her god like abilities of linking a human soul to herself but he also feels grief while thinking about how cruelly man has separated himself from mother nature. The poet is highly appreciative of nature’s beauty. He finds delight in the green bowers and has faith that the beautiful flowers enjoy every ounce of the air they breathe and they are thankful for living beside the nature. The speaker observes the birds which sing and hop around him. He is in awe of these creatures.

Though the speaker does not understand their language and ways, he does recognize that the birds are creating all these movements out of sheer pleasure and joy. The breeze blowing is sweet and light, the twigs are spreading out as if to catch the sweet air and ail the poet can do is gather pleasure in their existence. The speaker questions that if this is heaven and this is the holy plan of nature then what man has done to himself is really bad. Man has separated himself from such joy and is spending his time hating one another and fighting wars.

The poem has 6 quatrains and the rhyming scheme is abab. There are examples of personification. There is fine visual and auditory imagery. We too feel like the poet reclining in the grove watching the flowers and listening to the music of the birds. Nature is really beautiful.

Water shortage is being created because of the rate and volume at which it is being used by increasing population and for development projects.

Water is mainly used in drinking, domestic use and industries.

(b) To develop wildlife conservation and internal water transportation.

Perennial canals may have water through perennial rivers, dams and reservoirs. 

They are useful in controlling floods.

(c) women empowerment

Correct answer is (b) cut off her hair

You know as well as I do that you will die! : Mulan’s father

Of course that’s true : Mulan

• Kashmir King Hari Singh decided not to be a part of Pakistan and also not to be a part of India.
• However, when Pakistan attacked Kashmir, King Hari Singh asked India to help and he consented to merge Kashmir in India and officially submitted an agreement.
• Indian Army was sent to save Kashmir.

Mulan’s father

Correct option: (a) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Correct option: (a) Saurashtra

Mulan disguised herself as a man because women were not allowed to join the army.

“How can this be?” : Some soldiers

(i) As we know Qasim Razvi, had founded the Razakar organisation (Nizam’s private military) to help Nizam to suppress the voice of people against Nizam of Hyderabad. Gorta was the name of a village (Karnataka) and people were massacred by Razakars of Hyderabad in 1948. Gorta Village is also known as Jaliyanwala Bag of Karanataka, it was a mass killing on May 9th and 10th 1948. Though a plaque kept in front of the village gives fight date May 5th, and it continued for two weeks. It is said that around 200 people were killed by Razakars and property destruction was worth ₹ 70 lakhs.

(ii) A folk song called ‘Bhulai pada’ sung by village women in bitter memory of the massacre. There is demand from village people in front of the Government for the construction of the memorial at Gorta. Local people and local political parties had collected ₹ 27 lakh for a 35-foot memorial and laid the foundation on September 17^th, 2014.

“We will not fight for a woman!” : Some soldiers

Correct option: (b) Swami Ramanand Tirth

Mulan’s father

I am your son now : Mulan

“She tricked us!”: Some soldiers

A bad fever swept through the army. So, many soldiers became sick

Junagadh, Hyderabad, Kashmir, Dadra and Haveli, Goa and Puducherry

Why at your age must you keep up with all those young men : Mulan

Correct option: (b) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

The President of Goa Congress Committee Dr. T.B. Kunha.

if found guilty, she would be killed.

• Hyderabad was the largest amongst princely states in India. It comprised Telugu, Kannada, and Marathi regional sections. It was ruled by Nizam.
• Nizam of Hyderabad had put many restrictions on the Civil and Political rights of his subjects to a great extent.
• To fight against such restrictions in the state, people had formed organizations like ‘Andhra Parishad’ in Telangana, ‘Maharashtra Parishad’ in Marathwada, and ‘Karnataka Parishad’ in Karnataka.

1. Pakistan and Afghanistan.

2. Goa, Dadra and Nagar haveli, Diu and Daman.

3. Puducherry, Yanam and Karaikal.

4. Sri Lanka

Correct option: (a) Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir

Mulan’s father

• Hyderabad was under Nizam rule, it was the largest amongst princely states along with Telugu, Kannada, and Marathi regional sections.
• The various organisation was formed to fight against Nizam’s policies for his people.
• Swami Ramanand Tirth alongside loyal workers were leading this organisation to gain freedom from the Nizam.
• Hyderabad State Congress passed a resolution that Hyderabad will merge in India and this was not liked by Nizam, he was willing to join Pakistan.
• The people of Hyderabad wanted to merge in India.
• Kasim Razvi formed a ‘Razakar’ organisation against people.
• In the end, the Indian Government launched a police campaign against Nizam, under the name ‘Operation Polo’.
• In 1948 Nizam surrendered and Hyderabad merged in India.

Incorrect pair is:

The merger of the princely state of Kashmir – King Hari Singh (Instrument of Accession)

1. China, Nepal, Bhutan, and East Pakistan.

2. Independent India, 15^th August 1947.

3. Andaman and Nicobar island.

4. Diu, Daman, Mumbai, Goa, and Mahe.

5. Kolkata, Yanam, Chennai, Puducherry, and Karaikal.

Puducherry, Karaikal, Maho, Yanam, and Chandranagar

• Similar to Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Puducherry was under French rule.
• Most of the east coast of India regions like Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Yanam, and Chandrangar in West Bengal were under French rule as well.
• People and many political parties under the leadership of V. Subbayya came together to get rid of the French.
• It was a serious matter for the Government of India; hence they demanded that French Government return the Indian regions. In 1948, an agreement was signed by both governments for Puducherry.
• In 1949, Chandranagar was merged in India.
• In 1954, the French government passed the draft, according to it all French ruling regions will merge in India. And in 1963 Puducherry was declared a ‘Union Territory’.

People of Puducherry got united under the leadership of Subbayya.

• After declaring British Policy regarding princely states, King Hari Sigh of Kashmir neither wanted to join Pakistan nor India.
• But Pakistan wanted to capture Kashmir.
• Soon Pakistan attacked Kashmir, King Hari Singh sought help from Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.
• Indian army had already started recapturing parts of the land which had been captured by the Pakistani army.
• Meanwhile, UNO intervened in this matter and Pakistan and India had to stop the war. But by this decision, some parts of Kashmir remained occupied by Pakistan.
• Later on, King Hari Singh was ready to merge in India. Special provisions were passed and through this Kashmir got special status under Article 370.

When a bad fever swept the army, all the soldiers became sick. Even Mulan was affected by this fever. When the doctor examined Mulan in her tent, the doctor came to know that she was a woman and informed the soldiers.

Any legend is a story from ancient times and it is believed to be based mostly on true stories. Now, it’s possible that she was a real person, but it is largely believed that her story is fictional.