Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

(c) Bank statement and bank column of the cash book

a. Shifting Agriculture 

i. A piece of land is cleared in the forest by felling trees or ‘slash-n-burn’. 

ii. Seeds are directly planted without ploughing the land. 

iii. Root crops like yam and tapioca, which can be preserved for a longer period of time, are grown. 

iv. Tribal and nomadic people in the north-eastern states of India practise shifting agriculture. 

v. After 2 or 3 years, the soil loses fertility and as a result, is abandoned. The farmers then move elsewhere. 

b. Subsistence Agriculture 

i. The main objective of subsistence agriculture is consumption by the farmer’s family. 

ii. The farm is entirely managed by farmer’s family members. 

iii. All the work is done manually and traditional methods are followed. 

iv. Farms are small in size. 

c. Plantation Agriculture 

i. Plantation agriculture is carried on in huge estates. 

ii. A single crop is grown on the estate. 

iii. Requires a lot of investment and labour. 

iv. The crop takes a few years to give yield. 

v. Scientific methods are used. 

vi. Yield is sold directly to the market and even exported. 

d. Mixed Farming 

i. In mixed farming, the farmer uses some part of his land to carry on additional activities like cattle rearing, poultry or fishing. 

ii. The farmer earns additional income from the activities. 

iii. The farmer reduces the risks associated with agriculture in this manner. 

Primary sector employs around 50% of the population, but it contributes the most to disguised unemployment. Even when people appear to be employed, they are actually unemployed as their removal from the production process does not affect the said process. These people are engaged in activities but not to their full potential. This situation is called disguised unemployment or hidden unemployment.

Secondary and tertiary sectors have not created enough jobs to accommodate the people who have migrated from the agriculture sector. The employment in the manufacturing sector went up by only 3 times and in the services sector by 5 times.

When more and more units of a variable input are added with the fixed input, the marginal product would increase only upto a certain point. Thereafter, the marginal product declines. This phenomenon is known as the Law of Variable Proportions. It is also known as returns to a factor. The shape of TP, AP and MP suggests that they are specifically passing through three phases.

They are:

First phase :

In the first stage, both AP and MP increase. As a result TP also increases at an in creasing rate. This stage is known as the stage of increasing return to a factor. AP reaches the maximum level in this stage.

Second phase :

Both AP and MP decrease at this stage. The TP increases at a decreasing rate. More importantly, TP reaches maximum and MP touches zero. This stage is also known as the stage of diminishing returns to a factor. 

Third phase :

At this stage, the MP becomes negative. As a result, TP also starts declining. The decline of AP is continuous. In the graph, when TP reaches maximum and MP touches zero. When MP becomes negative, TP starts declining. This stage is known as the stage of negative returns to a factor.

(a) False.

TFC is positive even when the level of output is zero. 

(b) True 

(c) False. 

AVC curve is‘U’ shaped. 

(d) False. 

TFC is horizontal straight line.

(a) Value of certain products went up and the petroleum prices increased. As a result of it RBI’s efforts to regulate the inflationary pressure failed. Thus monetary policy resulted ineffective. 

(b) In additional to monetary measures like CRR and bank rate policy, various other measures can be adopted to regulate the economy. Taxation and expenditure policy can be used by the government. Similarly government may provide subsidy or can introduce price ceiling and support prices.

The production function is Q = 5 L^1/2 K^1/2 

Since the firm uses 100 units of L and 100 units of K, we get the production function as

Q = 5 × 100^1/2 100^1/2 

Q = 5 × 10x 10 

Q = 5 × 100 = 500

(a) Q = 3L²K²

= 3 x 5² x 3²

= 3 x 25 x 9 = 675

(b) Q = 3 L²K²

= 3 x 10² x 0² = 0

(c) Alfred Marshall

The basic problem studied in Economics is Scarcity.

(c) The study of individual economic units behaviour

NNDI,= Gross Domestic Product at Market Price - Net current transfers to rest of the world - Net factor income to abroad - consumption of fixed capital.

= 2,000 - (- 200) - (60) + (200)

= 2,000 + 200 - 260

= Rs.1,940 crore.

National Income : Income Method

NNP_FC = Compensation of Employees + profit +

Rent + Interest - Net Factor lncome to Abroad

NI = 3,660 + 1,500 + 800 - 60 + 500

= 6,460 - 60 

NNP_FC = Rs. 6,400 crore.

Expenditure method 

NNP_FC = Government Final Consumption Expenditure + Net Domestic Capital Formation + Net Exports + Private Final Consumption  Expenditure - Net Indirect Taxis - Net Factor Income to Alroad 

= 2,000 + 600 + 50 + 4,000 - 200 + (-60)

= 2,000 + 600 + 60 + 4,000 - 200 - 60

= [6,660] - [250]

NNP_FC or NI

= Rs.  6,400 crore.

When GDP represent quantities of final goods and services produced or when GDP is measured on the basis of constant prices, it is called real GDP.

Limitations:

(i) It does not reflect distribution of income among people.

(ii) It does not take into account non-monetary exchanges.

(iii) It does not take into account externalities.

Correct option  (B) Move the solenoid away from the magnet. 

Explanation:

Relative separation between magnet and solenoid should increase to get a deflection of pointer towards the right. lt is done by moving solenoid (or magnet) away from magnet (or solenoid).

Precautions of Product Method:

1. Avoid double counting.

2. Production for self consumption should be included.

3. Sale of second hand goods is not to be included.

4. Production from illegal activities is not to be included.

5. Value of services rendered by housewives/family members is not to be included.

Detailed Answer:

Precautions:

(i) Include the value of final product only.

(ii) Sale of second hand goods is not included as these are already accounted for during the year they were produced.

(iii) Include value of own account production in total output.

(iv) Imputed value of owner occupied house should be included.

(v) Value of intermediate goods is not included in the estimation of value added as, the value of intermediate goods is reflected in the value of final goods.

(i) Do not include expenditure on transfer payment.

(ii) Do not include expenditure on purchase of financial assets.

(iii) Do not include expenditure on purchase of second hand goods.

(iv) Do, not include expenditure on intermediate goods.

Precaution:

(i) Expenditure on intermediate goods should not be included, only expenditure on final goods should be included.

(ii) Estimated expenditure on production for self consumption should be included.

(iii) Transfer of payments should not be included.

(iv) Expenditure on financial assets should not be included.

(i) Do not include expenditure on transfer payment.

(ii) Do not include expenditure on purchase of financial assets.

(iii) Do not include expenditure on purchase of second hand goods.

(iv) Do, not include expenditure on intermediate goods.

Precaution:

(i) Expenditure on intermediate goods should not be included, only expenditure on final goods should be included.

(ii) Estimated expenditure on production for self consumption should be included.

(iii) Transfer of payments should not be included.

(iv) Expenditure on financial assets should not be included.

A.C. generator and D.C. generator.

 Important precautions which should be observed in the use of electricity are: 

(i) Use of good quality wires 

(ii) Use of fuse and proper earthing. 

(iii) Use of appliances in dry condition only

The human body magnetism comes from two sources one is magnetism from earth and other is the metabolism within the cells in the body. 

In human body small electric current travel along the nerve cells due to ions, same way as electricity flows through the wire. This current produces very weak magnetic field in the human body. Heart and Brain are the two main organs in the human body where this field is significant.

If a person comes in contact with a live wire, we will switch off the main switch immediately so as to cut off the electricity supply..

By the right hand rule the thumb pointing in the direction of the current and the forefingers pointing in the direction of the magnetic field, than perpendicular to the palm is the direction of the force on the conductor. Therefore the direction of the force on the conductor is south west.

(i) The strength of magnetic field around a straight current conductor increases on increasing the strength of current in the conductor or vice versa. 

(ii)The direction of magnetic field around a straight current carrying conductor gets reversed if the direction of current through that conductor is reversed.

Such a person should be provided with an insulated support like wood, plastic or rubber in order to disconnect the person from a wire.

The magnitude of magnetic field is directly proportional to the strength of the electric current flowing in the wire.

When a magnetic compass needle is placed close to the current carrying wire, it will get deflected.

(i) Yes, Alpha particles being positively charged constitute a current in the direction of motion.
(ii) No. The neutrons being electrically neutral constitute no current.

• With increase in the distance strength of magnetic field decreases. 
• Decrease in degree of closeness of the lines of field indicates it.

(i) alpha particles constitutes current in the direction of motion as they are positively charged constitutes . 

(ii) Neutron has no charge on them hence they do not conduct electricity

Thumb held by curled fingers indicates the direction of current in right hand rule whereas in fleming’s left hand rule force experienced by current carrying conductor placed in an external magnetic field.

 It occurs as a consequence of

• failure of electrical insulation’s due to which live wire comes in direct contact with neutral or earth wire. 
• presence of external conducting material such as water which is introduced accidentally into the circuit.
• electrical appliances are forced to operate when its moving parts are jammed.
• connection of current carrying parts of electrical equipment’s comes in contact to one another due to human or natural cause and 
• use of less rating wires. When this happens, there is an excessive electric current which can damage the circuit and may also cause electrical fires.

Magnetic field lines come out of the north pole of a magnet externally and get into the South Pole forming closed loops.

Magnetic field lines are closest at the poles, where the magnetic field strength is the maximum.

No two magnetic field lines intersect each other.

The direction of the magnetic field at a point is indicated by the tangent at that point.

a. Jeff, the donkey was not hungry because he had been feeding himself fairly well along the way on the thorn in the hedges and the grass on the roadside. 

b. Fodder 

c. Tyl dreamt of the good food and drink at the Archduke’s royal table. 

d. The expression ‘My stomach has been complaining very loudly’. 

e. Delicious food on the royal table.

Answer is True

Answer is True

Correct option is (A) 2h(l + b)

Lateral surface of a cuboid \(=2h(l+b)\)

Correct option is  A) 2h(l + b)

Correct option is (B) 6a²

Total surface area of a cube \(=6a^2\)

Correct option is  B) 6a²

When a right triangle with sides 6 cm, 8 cm and 10 cm is revolved about the side 8 cm, then solid formed is a cone whose height of a cone, h = 8 cm and radius of a cone, r = 6 cm. Slant height of a cone, l = 10 cm

Volume of a cone = 1/3 πr²h 

= (1/3) x (22/7) x 6 x 6 x 8

=> 6336/21 = 301.7 cm³ and curved surface of the area of cone = πrl

=> (22/7) x 6 x 10 = 1320/7 = 188.5 cm²

Hence, the volume and surface area of a cone are 301.7 cm³ and 188.5 cm², respectively.

Correct option is (C) 1300

Total surface area of cuboid \(=2(lb+bh+hl)\)

\(=2(20\times10+10\times15+15\times20)\)

= 2 (200 + 150 + 300)

= 2 \(\times\) 650 = \(1300\,cm^2\)

Correct option is  C) 1300

Correct option is C. 15 cm

Given, Ratio of areas of adjacent faces of cube = 2 : 3 : 4

Volume of block = 9000 cm³

= A₁ : A₂: A₃ = 2 : 3 : 4

= bh : lb : lh = 2 : 3 : 4

= b: l = 2 : 3

=h : l = 2 : 4

= h : b = 3 : 4 and v = lbh 

Assume that , l = 6x , b = 4x , h = 3x

= 6x \(\times\) 4x \(\times\) 3x = 9000

= x³ = \(\cfrac{9000}{72}\) = 125

= x = \(\sqrt[3]{125}\) = 5

So, smallest edge would be 3x = 3 × 5 = 15 cm

Correct option is (A) 216

If s = 6 cm then,

T.S.A. of cube \(=6s^2\)

\(=6\times6^2=216\,cm^2\)

Correct option is  A) 216

Correct option is D. 8 V

Given,

Let original edge of cube = a

Then original volume of cube = a³

New edge of cube = 2a

New volume of cube

= (2a)³ = 8a³ = 8v ∵ v = a³

Correct option is B. 4 S

Given,

Let edges of cuboid = l , b , h

Surface area of cuboid = 2(lb + bh + hl)

New edges of cuboid = 2l , 2b , 2h

New surface area of cuboid = 2(4lb + 4bh + 4hl)

= 4 x 2(lb + bh + hl) = 4S

Let us consider,

Length of a cuboid be ‘l’

Breadth of a cuboid be ‘b’

Height of a cuboid be ‘h’

So, Volume of a cuboid = l × b × h

Now,

(i) Length of a cuboid becomes = 2l

Breadth = b/2

Height = h

Volume of cuboid = 2l × b/2 × h = l × b × h (remains same)

(ii) Length of a cuboid becomes = 2l

Breadth = b

Height = 2h

Volume of cuboid = 2l × b × 2h = 4lbh (four times)

Correct option is (D) 4 times

Let side length of a cube = a unit

Then side length of new formed cube = 2a unit

Total surface area of new cube \(=6(2a)^2\)

\(=4\times6a^2=4\) (T.S.A. of original cube)

i.e., if side of a cube is doubled then its T.S.A. becomes 4 times than its original T.S.A.

Correct option is  D) 4 times

Given,

Increment in each edge = 50%

Let edge of cube = a

So surface area of cube = a²

(after 50% increase )

Length of edge of cube = a + a\(\times\cfrac{50}{100}\) = \(a+\cfrac{a}2=\cfrac{3a}2\)

Surface area of cube = \(\Big(\cfrac{3a}{2}\Big)^2=\cfrac{9a^2}{4}\)

Increment in area = \(\cfrac{9a^2}{4}-a^2=\cfrac{5a^2}{4}\)

% increment = \(\cfrac{(increased\,area)}{original\,area}\) = \(\cfrac{\frac{5a^2}{4}}{a^2}\times100\)

= 125%