Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

A Gram Panchayat does various works. 

These works include: 

1.  The construction and maintenance of water sources, roads, drainage, school buildings, and other common property resources. 
2.  Levying and collecting local taxes. 
3.  Executing government schemes related to generating employment in the village.

BLO: Booth Level Officer.

Correct option is B) a, b & c

The Gram Sabha performs various tasks : 

1.  It keeps control of the Gram Panchayat. It makes the Gram Panchayat play its role and be responsible. 
2.  It is the place where all plans for the work of the Gram Panchayat are placed before the people. 
3.  The Gram Sabha prevents the Panchayat from doing wrong things which may include misusing funds or favoring certain people.

Different forms of social differences:

(i) Social differences are based on the accident of birth. e.g., People around us are male and female, they are tall and short, have a different kind of complexions, or have different physical abilities or disabilities.

(ii) Some differences are based on choices, e.g., some people are atheists. They don't believe in God or any religion. Some people choose to follow a religion other than the one in which they were born.

Different forms of social differences:

(i) Social differences are based on an accident of birth. e.g., People around us are male and female, they are tall and short, have a different kind of complexions, or have different physical abilities or disabilities.

(ii) Some differences are based on choices, e.g., some people are atheists. They don't believe in God or any religion. Some people choose to follow a religion other than the one in which they were born.

Different forms of social differences:

(i) Social differences are based on an accident of birth. e.g., People around us are male and female, they are tall and short, have a different kind of complexions, or have different physical abilities or disabilities.

(ii) Some differences are based on choices, e.g., some people are atheists. They don't believe in God or any religion. Some people choose to follow a religion other than the one in which they were born.

Gents’ cycles have certain advantages. These are preferred by some women as these have an additional bar from the seat to the handle. A child can be seated on it. Carting provisions can be done on their own.

1. (b) attacked violently

2. (a) misfortune

3. (d) success

4. (b) unfairness

5. (d) sorrow

Sushruta has been considered to be the first surgeon of the world.

Ayurveda is the most ancient treatment of the world.

Correct option is (b) Rome

Correct option is (c) Alexandria

Trade: In ancient times, from different corners of the world traders came to India to purchase its goods. Foreign trade was done through, water and land routes. Trade relations in East were progressed through land routes with Tibet and China while in West with Iran and Arab. In east Tamralipti seaport was main, traders | went to China, Lanka, Java and Sumatra, etc. through this seaport. Foreign traders brought with them gold, silver, ruby, diamonds and jewelleiy with them. In place of these, they took from India cotton, silk and zari clothes, etc. From western countries sweet wine and silk from China and wool from Nepal were imported. Cloves and sandalwood were exported to Sri Lanka and from there these were exported to Western nations.

Pearl, precious stones, fragrances, clothes, spices, indigo, medicines and coconuts , were chief exports. In place of them, things like gold coins were imported from foreign countries. Internal trade was also at its peak in India. There was proper arrangements of state ways and waterways for internal trade. Waterways was more : appropriate and convenient in trading point of view. Ganga, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri rivers were used for trade, and for this large boats were made.

Commerce and economic Institutions: In the beginning of ancient India, trade was done through Barter system. Later coins took place of goods. There were gold, silver and copper coins were in trend. Gold coins were called ‘Nishk’, silver coins were called ‘Dharan’ and copper coins were called ‘Mashak’. The work of moulding coins was done in the state mint. In ancient India, trade unions were called Shreni or Gan. These unions protected their individual trade benefits. They used to perform the work of modern banks, gave loans and interest and kept Hundis and ornaments as mortgage. Therefore, trade and commerce in ancient India were at their height.

Shreni or Gan

In ancient India, geographical and political bbundaries were expanded. Today Afghanistan in the North-west of India was the part of India. In whole central Asia the lifestyle and culture was spread. In the east of India, its geographical boundaries were spread up to Burma (Myanmar) at present in South east of India from Bay of Bengal, Malaya, Java, Borneo, Burma, Sumatra, Bali, Champa, China, Indonesia, Siam, Cambodia, Surinam, Island and Sri Lanka were parts of India. People living in these islands led the life like Indians.

During ancient to 10th century BC, the condition in reality was that from land of south middle Asia to Burma in the east, islands of East Asia and in North from Tibet to Sri Lanka in the south, Indian culture has seen in every phase of life. Then India had spread over a large area. In Sanskrit, big is called Vrihattar’ hence historians called this part Vrihattar Bharat or Greater India. In short, under the term Vrihattar Bharat or Greater India those countries are included with Indian land where India had its poltical, cultural and geographical impact.

(d) All of these

Indian industries were in advance state in Greater India. Cloth production industries were much developed in India. Cloth were of vivid colours. Textile mills were established at Banaras (Varanasi), Madura (Madurai), Bengal, etc. Second chief industries were metal industries. Different utensils,arms, ornaments and idols had been made by metals. Gold, diamond and other precious stones over there were used to make ornaments.

Besides them, wooden, leather, sugar, indigo, etc. were in a developed condition.

Siam was the ancient name of Thailand.

In ancient time India was a prosperous nation. It was famous as a golden bird. Indian villages were economically independent. From different corners of the world traders came to India to purchase its goods. Foreign trade was done through water ways and land routes. Trade relations in East were progressed through land routes with Tibet and China while in West with Iran and Arab.

In east Tamralipti sea port was main, traders went to China, Lanka, Java and Sumatra, etc. through this seaport. Foreign traders brought with them gold, silver, ruby, diamonds and jewellery with them. In place of these items they took from India cotton, silk and zari clothes, etc. From western countries sweet wine and silk from China and wool from Nepal were imported. Cloves and sandalwood were exported to Sri Lanka and from there these things were exported to Western nations. Pearl, precious stones, fragrances, clothes, spices, indigo, medicines and coconuts were chief exports. In place of them,things like gold coins were imported from foreign countries.

Science: In the ancient time, India was much developed in the field of science and technology. For example, Iron Pillar is situated in Delhi from last 1600 years. It is not affected by rust even today.

Iron Pillar at Qutub Minar, Delhi, is an evidence of ancient India in field of high knowledge in metallurgy. It is surprising to see 24 feet long and 180 tonnes weight pillar of Iron hundred of years tolerating the sun and rain without rust. In Belur (Karnataka), 40 feet high and 20 thousand kg weighted stone pillar is an example of high knowledge in the field of gravitational force and physics. This pillar is standing on a levelled land without support and buried under the earth. In this way, we can say that India had enough knowledge in the field of physics, chemistry and botany : in ancient time.

Medical Science: Ayurveda is the oldest medical.method of the world. Dhanvantri is called the father of Ayurveda.

In medicine and chemical science, India was foremost in the world. In India purification of metals, formation of metal ashes, preparation of medicines through Jadi-Booti (plants, roots and stems), and preparation of many natural colours etc. have been progressed from ancient time. Nagarjuna had knowledge of many chemical reactions. In the field of medical sciences Sushruta is considered as the first surgeon (Shalya chikitsak). He had knowledge of Anesthesia, surgery of cataract, organ transplantation stone, etc. He has described more than hundered tools used in surgery. In medicine science, Charak had an important place.

Correct option is (c) Sanskrit

Pillars are excellent examples of Indian architecture. There are 30 pillars found in different parts of India built by king Ashoka. Indian and foreign archaeologists have considered these Ashoka pillars as the best wealth of Indian architecture. These pillars are thin at upper part and thick from bottom. They are heavy and long. Having length about 40 to 50 feet, they are built from one piece of stone. A special type of paste is used on these pillars. The smoothness, polish and brightness of them make people surprised. Their polish shines like glass even today.

Taxila is the first university of the world.

In North direction of India Tibet is located.

Sri Lanka country’s name is written in Maharshi Valmiki’s Ramayana.

Kamboj (Cambodia)

Astrology was progressed in ancient time on the basis of arithmatic. Aiyabhatta was an astrologer as well as mathematician. He propounded the principle, “The earth rotates on its axis around the sun from west to east, by finding planets and satellite. He explained the phenomenon of solar and lunar eclipse. By observing the rotation of moon around the earth and the rotation of the earth, Indian astrologers explained about the twelve zodiac sign stars, 27 nakshatras, 30 days of a month phase, a year of 12 months and to add one more month in every third year to maintain the difference between solar and lunar year. Besides Aryabhatta, Varahmihir, Kanad, Nagarjuna, Banabhatta were some other main Indian astrologers and astronomers.

Correct option is (a) Chinese

Delhi (in the premises of Qutub Minar).

Mudrarakshas, Kirataijuniam, Swapnavasavadattam, Arthashastra, Shringarshatak, Nitishatak, Kumarsambhava, Raghuvansham, Ritusamhara, Abhigyan Shakuntlam, Vikramorvashiyam, etc.

Buddhism: Pali and Sanskrit 

Jainism: Sanskrit, Prakrit, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, etc.

Aryabhatta is calculated the exact value of “pi”.

Central Asia: Khotan, Kucha, Karashahar, Afghanistan, China and Tibet. South east islands: Burma, Cambodia, Champa, Malaya, Siam, Java, Sumatra, Bali, Borneo, Luvdesh.

Kamboj (Cambodia)

Bodhayan has introduced the Pythagoras theorem.

(a) Aiyabhatta 

(b) Bhaskarachaiya

The Arab merchants carried Indian goods up to Alexandria. From there, they were sent to the countries in Europe. Besides Indian goods, the Arabs also conveyed Indian philosophy and science to Europe. The concept of ‘zero’ is one of India’s major contribution’ to the world . It was the Arabs who introduced this Indian concept to Europe.

• Indian culture had a deep impact on the art and cultural life of southeast Asia. 
• Dance-dramas based on stories from Ramayana and Mahabharata are popular in Indonesia even today. 
• In later years, temples of Lord Shiva and Vishnu were also built there.

the later years, temples of Lord Shiva and Vishnu were built in south-asian countries.

• In the first century CE, the Ming emperor of China invited the Buddhist bhikkhus Dharmarakshaka and Kashyapmatanga to China. 
• The Bhikkhus translated many Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese language. 
• This made the spread of Buddhism in China easier.

The wall paintings at Sigiriya bear resemblance to the paintings in the Ajanta caves.

Correct option is (c) Buddhism

Aiyabhatta is the explained the concept and causes of solar and lunar eclipse.

The writings of the Greek historians introduced India to the western world.

Having developed trade relations, India began economic and cultural exchange with the outside world.

The Bhikkhus translated many Indian Buddhist texts into Chinese Language. This gave an impetus to spread of Buddhism in China.

The Sri Lanka.

Correct option is (b) west

Sanghamitra carried a branch of the Bodhi tree to Sri Lanka.