Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

Two types of climates are there: Moderate and extreme climates.

i. Agriculture became the main source of livelihood in the New Stone Age period. 

ii. Thus, people began to worship nature and various deities for good crops.

Let us conclude this debate by letting everyone present that there is no ‘her job’ or ‘his job’. Today men and women have to share equal responsibilities because in most of the families both parents are bread earners. Sharing responsibilities makes work lighter and quicker and a sense of equality prevails.

Mukesh was eager to use his electrical tool kit to repair his table lamp.

Mukesh was eager to use his electrical tool kit to repair his table lamp.

D. papaya 

Paddy, tomatoes and chillies are grown by transplantation.

C. peas 

The process of transferring the seedlings from the nursery to the main field by hand is called transplanting or transplantation. Some crops like paddy and many vegetables like tomatoes and chillies, the seeds are not directly sown in the field’s soil.

B. peas 

The crops grown in winter season are called rabi crops. Examples- wheat, gram, etc.

(D) both (A) and (B)

A marriage between two carriers of sickle – cell anaemic gene will result into 1 normal and 2 carriers and 1 sickle-cell anaemic.

Mucus secreting cells are called goblet cells.

The visual units of compound eyes are called ommatidia.

Mucus membrane is simple epithelium cells containing mucus secreting cells.

(i) Compound eyes of cockroach are large, black, kidney-shaped structure. 

(ii) It is situated dorsolaterally on the head. 

(iii) Eye consists of about 2000 similar hexagonal units called ommatidium, each capable of forming an image. 

(iv) The eyes are covered externally with a transparent cuticle called the cornea. 

(v) Each ommatidium is composed of corneal lens, distal pigment cells around the pigment cone. 

(vi) It has retinule forming rhabdome and optic nerve.

Differences between the fibres of connective tissue:

Epithelial muscles and nervous tissues lack intercellular material.

(i) Functions of Epithelial Tissue: 

(a) These protect the underlying tissues from mechanical and chemical injuries, dehydration and infection. 

(b) It act as selective barriers. 

(c) Surface epithelia produce skeletal structures like scales, feathers, hair, nails, claws, horns, hoofs etc. 

(d) Ciliated epithelia moves mucus or other fluids in the ducts, they line. 

(ii) Functions of Connective Tissues: 

(a) They primarily join one tissue to another in the organs. 

(b) Skeletal connective tissues like bone and cartilages, form a supporting framework for the body. 

(c) Adipose tissues acts as shock absorber around some organs, such as eye balls and kidneys. 

(d) Fluid connective tissue, like blood and lymph, carry materials from one part to another in the body.

(iii) Functions of Muscular Tissues: 

(a) They are involved in the movements of the body parts and locomotion of the organism. 

(b) They are responsible for the heart-beat, production of sound and peristalsis in tubular viscera. 

(c) They support the bones and other structure. 

(d) They play an important role in parturition (child birth).

Farmyard manure- It is the decomposed mixture of the cattle excreta and urine along with the litter and leftover organic matter such as fodder. It is highly rich in nutrients. 

Compost manure- It is the process in which farm waste material like livestock excreta, vegetable waste, domestic waste are decomposed in pits.

Connective tissue : Connective tissue is a fundamental animal tissue that has scattered living cells embedded in matrix. The matrix and cells are different in different connective tissues. 

Based on the nature of matrix, connective tissue is divided into three types: 

(i) Connective tissue proper : It is type of connective tissue that has jelly-like matrix and three types of fibers: white collagen, yellow elastin and reticular fibres. The living cells present may include fibroblasts, mast cells, plasma cells, Macrophages and lymphocytes. 

It is of two types : 

(a) Loose connective tissue : In this, cells (fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells etc) and fibres are loosely arranged in a semi-fluid matrix. It has fewer fibres and more of matrix. 

It is of two types: Areolar tissue and Adipose tissue.

1. Areolar Tissue : It is the most widely spread connective tissue in the body. The non-living intercellular matrix contains irregular shaped cells and two kinds of fibres. Location : Areolar tissues are found inside organs, around blood vessels, muscles and nerve. It also occurs below sub-cutaneous tissue and structures like muscles and skin. 

2. Adipose Tissue : It is a type of connective tissue that is specialized to store fat called adipose cells. The fats are stored inside cells called adipocytes. Adipocytes are large cells with one or more globules of fat and peripheral cytoplasm with nucleus at one end.

Location : The tissue is found below the skin, around internal organs and inside yellow bone marrow. 

(b) Dense connective tissues: In this, fibres and fibroblasts are compactly packed. It has more of fibres and less amount of matrix. 

It is of two types: 

1. Dense regular connective tissues : They show regular pattern of fibres. Collagen fibres are present in rows between many parallel bundles of fibres. e.g., tendons and ligaments. 

• Tendon : Tendon is a tough, non-fibrous, dense. white fibrous connective tissue. It has great strength but limited flexibility. 

Function: It joins a skeletal muscle to a bone, thereby helping the bone to move on contraction and relaxation of the muscle. 

• Ligament: Ligament is a dense yellow fibrous connective tissue. It has considerable strength and high elasticity. 

Function: Ligament binds a bone with another bone.

2. Dense irregular connective tissues : They have irregular pattern of fibres. It has fibroblasts and many fibres (mostly collagen) that are oriented differently. This tissue is present in skin.

The main environmental problem associated with fertilizer use is contamination of water with nitrates and phosphates. 

Elevated nitrogen levels in drinking water. 

Environmental pollution is a significant problem. But while most of the focus is placed on polluting industries, toxins like mercury and small particle traffic pollution, a major source of environmental devastation is caused by modern food production. Far from being life sustaining, our modern chemical dependent farming methods.

– Strip soil of nutrients 

– Destroy critical soil microbes.

– Contribute to desertification and global climate change, and 

– Saturate form lands with toxic pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers that then migrate into ground water, rivers, lakes and oceans.

(i) Vascular tissue - Blood and lymph. 

(ii) Difference between male cockroach and female cockroach :

This statement is True.

Not for profit concerns, the main aim is to give services to its members or to the society at large. They do not carry any Trading activity or Manufacturing activity so there is no question of having a profit motive for ‘Not for Profit’ concerns.

Ossein is the protein which constitute bone matrix.

Thirteen chambers are there in a heart of cockroach.

(i) Mast cells granules releases heparin which prevents activation of prothrombin, thus preventing coagulation of blood in the blood vessels. 

(ii) The granules store information producing substances like histamine.

It is also called as urothelium.

The speaker says that the apples should not be allowed to fall, and have to be picked carefully. He knows that the minute apples fall, they lose their value. They are considered to have no worth and are sent to the cider crusher

An increase in the girth (diameter) in plants. Vascular cambium and cork cambium (lateral meristems) are involved in secondary growth. 

1. Formation of cambial ring : Intrafascicular cambium + interfascicular cambium. 

2. Formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem from cambial ring. 

3. Formation of spring wood and autumn wood.

4. Development of cork cambium (phellogen)

Process of destruction of chlorophyll at high light intensity and oxygen is called as photooxidation.

Fascicular and intrafascicular strips of meristem.

Engelmann split light into its spectral components by the prism and then illuminated Cladophora (a green alga) placed in a suspension of aerobic bacteria. He found that bacteria accumulated in the region of blue and red light of the split spectrum. He thus discovered the effect of different wavelengths of light on photosynthesis and plotted the first action spectrum of photosynthesis.

Only visible spectrum of light (400 nm-700 nm) is utilized by Plants in photosynthesis. Therefore it is called as PAR (Photosynthetically active radiation).

Graph plotted between amount of light absorbed by photosynthetic pigments and different wavelengths of visible spectrum (white light) is called as absorption spectrum.

Cladophora used by Engelmann to study first action spectrum of photosynthesis.

Hatch and Slack.

In temperature and oxygen concentration. 

Xylem vessels and tracheids are also mechanical in function because they possess a hard lignified wall.

There are two types of carotenoids: 

(i) Carotenes : They are hydrocarbons with a general formula of C₄₀H₅₆. The most common carotence is β-carotene which is converted to vitamin A by animals and human beings. 

(ii) Xanthophylls : They are oxygen containing derivative of carotenes e.g., C₄₀H₅₆O (cryptoxanthin), C₄₀H₅₆O₂, (lutein, zeaxanthin).

Opuntia, Chenopodium, Bougainvillea.

Plant A will show more photosynthesis.Chlorophyll absorbs maximum light in the blue region of the spectrum, i.e., 400-450 nm and hence photosynthetic rate will also be high. 

Plant B will show negligible amount of photosynthesis or no photosynthesis as chlorophyll does not absorb any light in the green region,i.e., 500-550 nm but reflects light.

Chromatophores are pigment containing and light-reflecting cells or group of cells found in bacteria and wide range of animals.

Cytokinins and gibberellins increase and ABA decrease the rate of photosynthesis.

Duramen is heartwood which is hard and provides mechanical strength.

The rate of photosynthesis Decrease.

β-carotene can be converted to vitamin A.

Companion cell and sieve tube originate from a single parent cell by unequal division, hence companion cell is.considered as a sister cell of sieve tube element.

Sieve tubes are long slender tube-like structures with perforated end walls helping in conduction of food material.