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The last two lines show the importance of making a choice in one’s life. The poet has taken a path that has been rather unused so far. And that has made all the difference for him. The poet made a choice and accepted the challenging path. He took the unexplored (untrodden) path in his life. He wanted to do something different in his life, so he has chosen the less travelled road. No, he does not regret his choice.

‘Marches’could best replace‘charges’ih the poem.

Wanda didn’t come to school on Monday and Tuesday but nobody noticed her s absence as she did not have friends in the class. When Peggy and Maddie waited for Wanda to make fun of her after the school was off, they noticed that she was absent, otherwise nobody bothered about her there.

The train runs forward as quickly as army soldiers attack the enemy in the battlefield.

Similes used in this poem are : 

(i) ‘And charging along like troops in a battle’. 

(ii) ‘Ely as thick as driving rain’ I like the second one the most because the poet says all the sights of hills and plains fly as quickly as a drop of rain following another drop in a storm.

He hated school regimentation because of its extreme sense of discipline. He felt tired and suffocated with this atmosphere. He often clashed with his teachers.

[1] Einstein is born in the German city of Ulm.
[2] Einstein attends a high school in Munich.
[3] Einstein’s family moves to Milan.
[4] Tired of the school’s regimentation, Einstein withdraws from school.
[5] Einstein joins a university in Zurich, where he meets Mileva.
[6] He works in a patent office as a technical expert.
[7] Einstein publishes his special theory of relativity.
[8] He provides a new interpretation of gravity.
[9] He is awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
[10] When Hitler comes to power, Einstein leaves Germany for the United States.
[11] Einstein writes a letter to U.S. President, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and warns against Germany’s building of an atomic bomb.
[12] Einstein dies.

Einstein wrote a letter to Franklin Roosevelt to warn about the destructive effect of bomb and also wanted to encourage them to make a bomb to utilize its destruction potential.

1. C. Serbia.

2. B. get her degree.

3. C. Philistines

4. A. in disagreement.

People called Einstein a world citizen because he campaigned for peace and democracy and was agitated against arms and bombs especially after the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

It is moving awkwardly due to the heavy load on it along with the cart dri ver.

1. bridge 

2. hedge

3. troop 

4. cart 

5. horse 

6. bramble 

7. meadow 

8. child

Troops are soldiers or army officers who attack their enemy in the battle.

Einstein wrote a letter to the American President Franklin Roosevelt when the Nazis came to power in Germany and he had to migrate from there. The discovery of Nuclear fission in Germany made the American physicists upset that the Nazis could build and use an atom bomb.

1. C. His colleague urged him to do so.

2. A. Americans developed the atomic bomb in a secret project.

3. B. To form a world government.

4. D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’

He had wanted to marry Mileva Marie but his mother was against it. She thought Mileva was three years older than her son and too intelligent for him.
Einstein’s head was larger than usual. He was called ‘Brother Boring’, because he never mixed up with his classmates. He left school because he was not happy with the strict regimentation. He loved mechanical toys and thought his sister to be a toy. The head master thought him to be stupid and good for nothing and that he would never succeed in life. He also told Einstein’s father that whatever profession he chose would not matter, because “he will never make a success at anything”. This proves that Einstein was an unusual child with no indication of his potential greatness.

According to Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, time and distance are not absolute. From this followed the world’s most famous formula which describes the relationship between mass and energy, i.e., E = mc².a

Ever since their introduction, rhymes, and their unique rhythms have inspired poets. In this poem the poet shares his experience of a Journey in a Railway Carriage with us. He presents natural scenes seen from the window of a railway carriage. The rhythm of the lines is regular and steady but the view from the window of the train is constantly changing. The poem’s rhythm and phrases bring speed and exhilaration of a railway journey. The poet looks out of the window at the fast moving array of images outside. Every line we see here is a quick account of something seen for short moment. The line that best sums up is the final one: “Each a glimpse and gone forever!”

The poet enjoys watching the natural scene from the window of a railway carriage. His railway journey becomes a source of great happiness for him. He shares this happiness with us. He gives in detail the scenery, seen from his carriage, as he wants to share his experience with us. In the end, he sums up saying that everything appeared and disappeared in a very short moment and they can never be seen again.

On his colleague’s insistence, Einstein wrote a letter to the American President, Roosevelt when the Nazis came to power in Germany and he had to migrate from there. The discovery of Nuclear fission in Germany made the American physicists upset that the Nazis could use the bomb. He warned him of the consequences of the atomic bomb. His words had a great impact. The Americans developed the atomic bomb secretly. They dropped it on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. Einstein was greatly moved by the destruction. He wrote a long letter to the United Nations and suggested that there should be a world government. This definitely helped in ending the world war.

Correct answer is c. A child, a beggar, a cart, a mill, and a river.

Robert Louis Stevenson’s poem ‘From a Railway Carriage’ communicates a child’s excitement at travelling by train and takes us on an unforgettable picture book journey. The poet shares his experience of a railway journey. He says that the train runs more fast than the fairies and witches. It runs so fast that the bridges, houses, rows of thorny plants and ditches pass by in a moment. It goes forward as quickly as army soldiers attack the enemy in the battlefield. The train runs through common grassy lands, where horses and cattles are grazing. All the sights pass as quickly as drop of rain follows another drop. Many colourful buildings of stations appear and disappear in a glance due to the speed of the train.

The poet sees a child climbing up the steepy ground. He moves with difficulty and gathers blackberries. He also sees a homeless person looking at the train with amazement. He sees some ladies making garlands of daisies in a common grassy village land. In the middle of road, there was cart with load. Due to the heavy load, it was moving awkwardly. The cart man was sitting on the cart.

He sees a river and a floor mill. All these scenes appeared and disappeared in a very short moment.

He was standing idle and gazing at the passing railway carriage.

a. The train moves forward, like the soldiers attacking the enemy in a battlefield.

b. They graze in the meadows.

c. Simile. The horses and cattle are compared with troops, using the word, “like”.

Many colourful buildings of stations appear and disappear in a glance due to the speed of the train.

Correct answer is a. As they are seen from the window of a fast-moving railway carriage.

a. The poet sees a child in the fields climbing up a steepy ground.

b. He climbs with difficulty and gathers blackberries.

The doctor lived in a room which was full of rats. He heard the sounds of the rats. There was a regular traffic of rats to and from the beam. He heard the sound thrice. The sound stopped suddenly as rats had seen a snake.

Correct answer is d. A mill and a river

b. The child is clambering and scrambling and the tramp is standing and gazing.

a. The train runs faster than fairies and witches.

b. The poet mentions them because we can see 

them while travelling in a train. 

They are on the way of the train journey

a. The rhyme scheme of these lines are ‘a a b b’

b. Simile. The hill and plain fly as the driving rain. They pass quickly as one drop of the rain follows another drop in a storm

c. The stations pass by in a very short moment

Correct answer is a. They charge along

Correct answer is c. Both are at the end of a line and rhyme with each other.

Just before her death, the grandmother lay peacefully in bed praying and telling her beads. She refused to talk and tried to utilize most of her remaining time in praying.

अपनी मृत्यु से ठीक पहले दादी माँ शान्तिपूर्वक बिस्तर पर लेट गईं और प्रार्थनाएँ करने लगीं और माला जपने लगीं। उन्होंने बात करने से मना कर दिया और अपने अधिकांश बचे हुए समय को प्रार्थना में उपयोग करने का प्रयास किया।

Correct answer is b. looks

(1) Einstein’s playmates thought that he was boring.

(2) Einstein’s headmaster thought that he was stupid and would never succeed at anything in life.

(3) Einstein’s mother thought that he was a freak.

1. a. He' is Mr Keesing, Anne's maths teacher in the passage.

2. b. He was tired of Anne's talking habit in the class.

3. d. This essay was written in verse.

4. c. Anne was punished because she had been continuously talking for three periods.

5. a. The class roared with laughter because the topic of the essay given to Anne as punishment was absurd and funny.

In the evening of the first day of his arrival grandmother began to behave in a very strange way. She gathered the women of her neighbourhood, got hold of an old drum and playing on it she began to sing, in spite of people telling her not to overstrain. For the first time the author noticed that she did not pray.

Next morning she was taken ill. Though the doctor announced that it was a mild fever, she told that her end was near. She did not waste her time talking to anyone. She lay peacefully in her bed praying and telling her beads. Even before they could say something her lips stopped moving and the rosary fell from her lifeless fingers. A peaceful paleness spread over her face. They knew that she was dead.

Going to the city affected her routine of being of some help to the author. His going to the school in a motor-bus and she not being able to accompany him disturbed her. As time passed they saw less of each other. On returning from the school one day she learned from the author that he was taught several laws based on science. This made her unhappy as she could not help him with his lessons.

The fact that nothing about God was taught in the school disturbed her more. The most shocking aspect was the teaching of music in the school. According to her music was meant for the people belonging to lower categories such as beggars and prostitutes and not the gentlefolk. Though she said nothing her silence clearly displayed disapproval. After this incident occurred she rarely spoke to the author.

Yes, I have known my grandfather, who loved me deeply and looked after me. He had served in the army before he retired as a colonel 20 years ago. When I was a school going kid, he was still active and smart. He was fond of walking, jogging and playing outdoor games. He inspired us to get up early in the morning. He believed that a healthy mind lives in a healthy body. He used to give us good physical exercises followed by milk and nourishing food and then asked us to study for a while before going to school.

In the afternoon, he would enquire what we had been taught at the school. He would help us in our home task and supervise our reading, writing and doing sums. He was gentle but firm. He laid stress on good habits and character building. He passed away when I had gone abroad for higher studies. I miss him a lot. A sense of loss fills me whenever I see his portrait on the wall. But his cheerful looks remind me to take heart and fight the struggle of life.

The author’s grandmother was not much educated. So, I think the author and his grandmother used to talk in their mother tongue-in this case Punjabi.

Mr Keesing was annoyed with Anne because she was very talkative. He punished her by giving her extra home work to write essays to keep her silent and the topics always related to her nature.

Writing in a diary was a strange experience for Anne Frank as she never had a diary and it was a gift on her 13th birthday. She considered it her best friend on which she relied the most and with whom she shared all her ups and downs.

Yes, Anne was right when she said l so because most of the people don’t want to give importance to a child’s perspective toward the world because they are too immature for the world. But Anne Frank has become one of i the most discussed of all holocaust victims. Her ‘diary’ has been translated into many languages,

Anne’s last essay in the form of a poem showed Mr Keesing the lighter side of a naughty child. It helped bridge the generation gap between the teacher and the student.

Anne lived with her grandmother for sometime while her parents settled down in Holland. She was very close to her Grandmother. She writes in her diary, “No one knows how often I think of her and still love her”. On her 13th birthday by lighting up one candle for Grandmother she shows her love for her.

Anne felt that paper had more patience than people to listen to her plight. So, it was easier for her to write all kind of thoughts which she had in her mind. Her personal diary was not meant for any one else to read.

No, Mr Keesing was not a bad or strict teacher because a teacher does something for the welfare of his students. Any teacher would be annoyed if children keep on talking in the class. Secondly, if he had been strict he would not have laughed at Anne’s funny arguments.

Anne justified her being a chatterbox in her essay by explaining that it is due to her mother who was also very talkative and nobody 5 could do anything about their inherited traits.