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The important parts of a plant are: 

a) root 

b) stem 

c) leaf 

d) flower 

e) fruit 

a) Root: 

The underground part of the main axis of the plant is the root.

• Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.

b) Stem: 

• The aerial part of the plant above the ground is the stem.

It bears branches, leaves, flowers and fruits. 

• It transports water, minerals and nutrients to the various parts.

c) Leaf: 

The flat, green portion of a plant that arises from a node is a leaf.

• It helps in photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration.

d) Flower: 

The bright and beautiful part of the plant.

• It is a reproductive part of a plant.

e) Fruit: 

It is an edible part of a plant that contains seeds.

• It developed from the flower.

The author was deeply shocked. He was unable to move for some time. His eyes were filled with tears.

The author met a person named Naeem in the hospital ward. Like author, Naeem too was blind. Both of them had been admitted there for the operation of their eyes.

B) Real estate

Raja Ram Mohan Roy started an aggressive protest against evils like ‘sati’, child marriage, forbidding widow remarriage, caste system, female infanticide by drowning the baby in milk (dudhpiti), etc.

Aim: 

To observe the absorption of water by root. 

What you need: 

A carrot, a glass of water and blue ink. 

What to do: 

Take a glass of water and add a few drops of blue ink to it. 

Now place a carrot in the glass. 

Leave the carrot in water for 2 or 3 days. 

Then cut the carrot in water, lengthwise and observe. 

What do you see: 

Blue colour appears in the carrot. 

What do you learn: 

The blue colour indicates that water moved upward in the carrot showing that root absorbs water.

He had spent all his money in buying the author’s paintings.

He would describe the scenes outside the window for the author.

Correct answer is Naeem

• Leaves are the sites of photosynthesis for the preparation of food. 
• Gaseous exchange in plants takes place through leaves by the process of respiration. 
• Excess of water in the plant is removed in the form of vapours through the leaf surface. 
• If the plant does not have any leaves it will not able to make its own food and cannot perform the functions of respiration and transpiration. 
• Stem can perform these functions in those plants that does not have leaves.

He used to paint pictures.

Loss of water in the form of vapour by leaves is called Transpiration

Plants with fibrous roots possess parallel venation in their leaves.

The plants with Fibrous system have leaves with parallel venation.

A – 2 

B – 4 

C – 3 

D – 5 

E – 1

In monocot plants such as grass, cereals, millet plants we will observe the parallel venation.

Blue-green algae belong to kingdom Monera, because they lack well defined nucleus, organelles, and don’t have a multicellular body organization. They are autotrophic in nature.

Blue-green algae (BGA) also known as cyanobacteria, is a member of kingdom Monera. Monerans are prokaryotic and lack a well-defined nucleus. They also lack double membrane-bound organelles. Ribosomes present in bacteria as of 70s type.

In Protista group unicellular algae, diatoms and protozoa belongs.

• Algae belong to the Kingdom Protista 

• Algae are autotrophic organisms 

• Algae are not parasitic 

• Vascular tissues are absent

Difference between Gymnosperms and Angiosperms:

Correct answer is: Green peas

Fungi like moulds and yeast classified in division thallophyta.

Pteridophytes have naked embroys that are called spores. But phanerogams have reproductive tissues that ultimately make seeds. Seeds are the result of the reproductive process.

In pteridophytes, the reproductive organs are hidden and they do not produce seeds.

In phanerogams, reproductive organs are conspicuous and they produce seeds.

(B) Cryopreservation

Main characters of gymnosperms are: 

• Plants have a well-differentiated plant body. 

• Vessels are absent in xylem and companion cells are absent in phloem. 

• They are usually perennial, evergreen and woody.

• They bear naked seeds.

Correct answer is: Cycas

The flowers these plants bear are their reproductive organs. Flowers develop into fruits and seeds are formed within fruits. Thus, these seeds are covered; hence, they are called angiosperms (angios: cover, sperms: seeds). The plants whose seeds can be divided into two equal halves or dicotyledons are called dicotyledonous plants and those whose seeds cannot be divided into equal parts are called monocotyledonous plants.

• Characters of Pteriodophyta: 

• The plant body is differentiated into roots, stem, and leaves. 

• These plants have specialized tissue for the conduction of water and other substances from one part of the plant body to another. 

• In pteridophyte, the main plant body is the sporophyte. 

• Reproduce through spores. 

Example: Marsilea, ferns, etc.

Type of venation showed by hibiscus plant leaves in Reticulate venation.

Correct option is: (d) Banyan

Leaves of monocot plants show parallel venation.

Depending whether seeds and enclosed in fruit or not, angiosperms are classified into monocot and dicot.

Cycas and Christmas tree are gymnosperms, whereas Hibiscus and lily are angiosperms.

1. Similarities: These plants have special structures for reproduction and produce seeds. During the germination of the seed, the stored food is used for the initial growth of the embryo. 

2. Differences: In gymnosperms, reproductive organs have cones whereas in angiosperms reproductive organs have flowers. 

3. In gymnosperms, seeds are without natural coverings whereas in angiosperms seeds are enclosed in natural coverings called fruits.

Correct option is: (d) Pteridophyta

Correct option is: (c) Gymnosperms

Characters of Bryophyta: 

• These are found on both land and water, therefore they are known as amphibians of the plant kingdom.

• The plant body is commonly differentiated to form stem and leaf-like structures. 

• These plants do not have specialized tissue for the conduction of water and other substances from one part of the plant body to another. 

• The main plant body of the bryophyte is haploid. It produces gametes, hence it is called a gametophyte. 

Examples: Moss (Funaria) and Marchantia.

Type of venation showed by lily plant leaves in Parallel venation.

Leaves of dicot plants show reticulated venation.

False

Most of the animals belonging to phylum mollusca have a muscular organ for movement which is known as 'foot'.

Presence of water driven tube feet for movement is the characteristic feature of animals belonging to phylum echinodermata.

(a) Echinodermata

(b) Aves 

(c) Mollusc 

(d) Arthropoda

The body is made up of a coelom (cavity) with a single opening. The body wall is made up of two layers of cells (diploblastic). Some of the species live a solitary life while others live in colonies. 

Examples: Hydra, Jelly fish, Sea anemone, etc.

Ascaris belongs to nematodes. They are not as well differentiated as Annelida or Arthropoda, but have different sexual forms unlike Platyhelminthes.

Correct option is: (c) Gymnosperms