Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. King: A king should be just and kind. His justice will instill faith towards him in his subjects and his kindness will help him win their hearts. A king should not demand respect instead it should be earned with his qualities and virtues.

2. Adviser: An adviser must be very wise and foresighted. He must weigh the pros and cons of a decision and only then advise the king to go ahead with it. This is also because once the decision is taken it cannot be reverted and fate of the entire kingdom largely depends on these decisions.

3. Bodyguard: A bodyguard of a king must be his shadow. Extremely vigilant and alert, the bodyguard should be able to sense trouble and mischief as the king’s life can be in danger if he lacks these qualities. He should not hesitate to risk his life to save the king if required. This also demands physical strength and spirit.

4. Messenger: A messenger should be very quick at carrying messages as sometimes the messages are so important and urgent that any loss of time may cause great harm to the kingdom. Moreover, the messenger should be very faithful and keep the messages of the king confidential. This will safeguard the kingdom from enemies. Also, the messenger should remember that he represents the king himself, hence should be very trustworthy.

The fox had planned to trick the camel, and use him as a means of transport to go to their forest, kill him and have a feast.

The lion king comes across as someone who had leapt before looking what he was landing into. He himself didn’t know how he would return to the forest but commanded that they should stop right there. Not a very thoughtful and far sighted king. The vulture appears to be self-centred and greedy. He was only interested in eating the camel. The leopard, though a bodyguard, was a coward who wanted to run away. However, the fox comes across as a problem-solver who rescues everyone from the situation with his wit.

• (a) courtiers – people who attend the royal court
• (b) adviser – the one who advises
• (c) bodyguard – a person employed to protect somebody
• (d) loyal – faithful towards a person or an organisation.

Any machines and tools are not used in brick making except the moulds to shape the clay into bricks. No power is used for making bricks. Only the muscle power of the workers is used for mixing the clay, shaping the clay into bricks by using moulds. In all levels of brick making, no machinery is used. For transport of the clay, sand and dried bricks to the kilns, bullock carts or tractors are used.

Workers who are employed permanently, who are provided with regular and high wages and whose employment is secured, and who can enjoy all the facilities such as Provident Fund, Employees State Insurance and all types of allowances are called permanent workers. 

Workers who are employed on a casual basis, who replaced permanent workers in their absence, are called badli workers. They get very little salary and very few benefits like Provident Fund and Health Insurance etc.,

a. A multinational medicine company

b. 118

c. Only 14 are permanent workers.

d. Only 14

e. They get Rs. 2500/- as salary, they have the security of employment. They also get ESI, medical insurance and Provident Fund.

1. Their wages were fixed through agreements with the union. 

2. Medical facilities through employees State Insurance and Provident Fund are provided for the permanent workers. 

3. Health checkups in big private hospitals and leave in case workers become sick are provided for the workers. 

4. Educational allowance for their children, travelling allowance and conveyance allowance for the workers are given. 

5. Companies provide quarters for the workers to live in. 

6. They will be given loans when needed. 

7. The company also provide training for workers. 

8. Contract workers should be regularised after a definite period of work.

1. The workers have to work for 14 to 16 hours a day. 

2. They are paid Rs. 108 per 1000 bricks. They normally manage to make about 1000 bricks a day. 

3. If they are ill they are not paid anything. 

4. Most of the days they don’t get proper feed to eat-they neither have the time nor the money for it. 

5. Their children don’t get any education.

6. Though the government frees from their bonded labour they are forced to come back to the kilns since they don’t have any employment opportunities at their home. 

7. There are no trade unions that fight for their rights.

In their own place, people may have a small plot of land, with which they cannot get on. They are in debt and on the verge of selling their land. They don’t get regular employment in their villages. Because of the closing down of the factories and mills, the workers of these factories migrate to cities and join the ranks of casual workers.

a) While casual labourers are more than half of the rural population, in urban areas only 18% of casual labourers are there. 

b) Whole self-employed people occupy 41% of the rural population 37% of the working persons in urban areas are selfemployed. 

c) While 7% of the rural working persons are regular waged / salaried workers, but in urban areas regular waged / salaried workers occupy 45% of the urban working people. 

d) In urban areas skilled employment in the organised sector than in the rural areas. 

e) In rural areas unskilled employment in the unorganised primary sector is more than in urban areas.

Yes. Gender differences are making a great impact on the labour market. From the above bar diagram, it is proved. There are more women casual labourers than male casual labourers during all three years. It is because the female labourers are employed at cheaper rates than the male ones. Thus the gender differences are making a great impact on the labour market.

(C) Both A and B

We invited Abdul Razak, a member of Paper Mill, Bhimavaram, West Godavari district. He was born in 1970 in Bhimavaram. He completed a ‘fitter’ course in ITI. He joined the paper mill as daily wage labor. Slowly, appreciating his hard work, the paper mill management appointed him as a permanent worker.

In the beginning, he didn’t join any Union. Once he got a high fever and could not go to the factory for more than thirty days. The management sent notices to remove him from the job. He brought the matter to the notice of the Union. The Union President Rajasekhar and other members met the management and requested not to remove Abdul telling about his sickness. The management responded positively. Abdul understood the strength of the Union and took membership by paying Rs. 50 as membership fees. 

Abdul has some rights as a member of the Union :

1. He can participate in the meetings of the Union and discuss the problems with the management. 

2. He can give some suggestions to strengthen the Union. 

3. He can contest in the elections of the Union and hold a post.

Abdul s duties as a Union member:

1. He has to obey the rules of the Union. 

2. He shall not act damaging the interests of other members. 

3. He has to take to the notice of the Union the problems he faces with the management.

Yes. I can agree with this statement.

Reasons: 

Many Christian missionaries came to India along with the European companies to preach Christianity in India. They severely criticised the existing religious practices and beliefs and tried to persuade people to adopt Christianity. At the same time they also established many educational institutions, hospitals and charity services with the view of serving the poor and needy. This helped in spreading many new ideas among people.

Soon a lively debate ensued between the missionaries and leaders of Hinduism and Islam as each tried to defend their own religious ideas. Such debates helped people not only to understand each others ideas but also encouraged them to enquire into the original and basic tenets of their own religions. Several European scholars studied the ancient literature of India, translated them and published them as books. (Since they studied books of the eastern countries they were called ‘Orientalists’.) Now these books are available for all to study.

As the ancient Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Persian and Arabic books got translated into European languages, the rich and diverse cultural heritage of the country was recognized by all. This enabled the people with new ideas to reinterpret their own religions better.

e.g :

1. Rammohan Roy condemned idol worship.

2. Vivekananda asked to adopt some of the positive qualities of European culture like freedom and respect for women, work ethic, technology etc. 

3. Swami Dayananda rejected all later additions to Hindu religion. 

4. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan worked for the spread of modern education and social reforms among the Muslims. 

5. The minimum age for marriage was raised to the 14 years. 

6. Rammohan Roy fought against ‘Sati’. 

7. Law was made to encourage widow remarriages. 

8. Many established schools for girls.

Some persons might have reformistic views. Some might reject them. So the people in the society could not follow these ideas. Even though they followed, they might be rejected by the society. So it was important to get the government to pass laws for social reforms.

Since their employment is irregular and very low paying, casual workers are in a vulnerable situation. To handle this situation these casual workers do several jobs such as distributing newspapers in the morning, working in a tea shop, in day time, and cook in some houses at the right.

The movements of social reforms were effective in ridding Indian society of social evils. These movements banned Sati and child marriages. These encouraged women education, school education and widow remarriages. We find the following social evils today:

1. Corruption 

2. Religionism, 

3. Casteism 

4. Dowry 

5. Regionalism etc.

Today there is a silence in our society. No politician is working against these evils. Nobody is thinking of these. The educated should think of these evils and respond. Otherwise, no reforms are introduced. The governments also should think of these issues.

1. The ideology of nationalism was a positive impulse. 

2. It was the foundation of modern nation-states. 

3. But later it became aggressive nationalism. 

4. It is used to create pride in oneself and hatred against neighbours. 

5. Fascists in Italy tried to build images of victories with it. 

6. Nazis of Germany mobilised Germans against other nations of Europe. 

7. These incidents led to World War. 

8. Thus, we can say the idea of nation-states and nationalism influenced the desire for war during World Wars.

1) Raja Rammohan Roy:

He studied several religious philosophies like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and Sufism. Having studied various religious books he was convinced that there is only one God and that worshipping of idols and making sacrifices were incorrect. He was convinced that all great religions had the same common beliefs and it was incorrect to criticise the religions of others. He also believed that we should accept a religious belief only if it is rational and if it is beneficial to people. He rejected the authority of priests and called upon people to study the original books of their religions. He published his ideas in magazines and books using the new technology of printing to reach out to maximum number of people.

2) Swami Vivekananda: 

He believed that Hindu religion was superior to all others. He emphasized the teachings of Upanishadas which were being translated and printed in large numbers.

3) Swami Dayananda Saraswathi:

He studied the Vedas and was convinced that they contained the true religion and he rejected all later additions to Hindu religion like many gods and goddesses, idol and temple worship and Brahmanic priesthood and caste system. He advocated worshipping one Supreme God through simple rituals and recitation of Vedic mantras. He rejected all other religions as false religions and wanted Hindus who had converted to other religions to return to Hinduism based on the Vedas.

1. The early reformers were influenced by the positive qualities of European culture like freedom and respect for women, work ethic, technology etc. So they worked hard to abolish ‘Sati’ and child marriages and to encourage widow remarriages etc. 

2. The persons who were influenced with their religion, propagated new systems like worshipping one Supreme God. 

3. They were all educated in English. They studied many subjects for knowledge. So they encouraged English education and establishment of schools. Thus the early reformers were influenced by European culture and Christianity.

People have accepted these reforms temporarily.

Reasons:

1. Now there was no existence of Brahmo Samaj. The members of it followed ‘Bhakti Path.’ 

2. Arya Samaj also accepted Vedic religion at the end. 

3. At present, the Hindus are worshipping many Gods and their idols. 

4. Complex rituals: People have accepted some of the rituals which are easy to follow.

1. World War I claimed 10 million men. 

2. World War II claimed 22-25 million military casualties. 

3. It also claimed 40-52 million civilian deaths. 

4. It included 6 million Jews killed by Nazis.

5. It included 1,50,000 to 2,46,000 people were killed immediately by atom bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan by the USA. 

6. The after-effects like leukaemia, cancer lingered on for decades.

No. All the reformers advocated the religious ideas of the Bhakti Movement only.

Similarities:

1. Both worked for Dalits. 

2. Both were the members of Congress Party.

Differences:

Answer is (B) 1927

Buddha preached that ‘All are equal’. He opposed caste and religious discriminations. He treated all his followers equal.

Correct Answer is: A) Tricycle

Answer is (A) Bhumika

1. Both opposed caste system. 

2. Both established many schools. 

3. Both opposed the supremacy of Brahmins.

1. Both worked for dalits. 

2. Both were the members of Congress Party.

(D) Maharashtra

Similarities:

1. Both opposed the caste system. 

2. Both established many schools. 

3. Both opposed the supremacy of Brahmins.

Differences:

Answer is (A) 1856

The feeling would raise the confidence in dalits. This confidence would strengthen them in fighting against the discrimination. That led them to their success.

D) Sewing machine factories.

Correct option is A) Equality

(B) Satya Sodhak Samaj

(A) Kandukuri Veeresalingam

(B) Gulamgiri

(A) Bhagya Reddy Varma

Mango produces all types of flowers like staminate, bisexual and neuter, hence it is called as polygamous plant.

(C) Savitribai Phule

Answer is (D) 1828

Veeresalingam founded Brahma Samaj in combined Andhra Pradesh.

Answer is (A) 1906

(A) Veeresalingam Panthulu

Answer is (A) Ramabai

Haustoria, arising from parasitic plant in the host tissue, penetrate the vascular tissue of the host and absorb water, minerals and organic compounds.

The correct answer is (C) Simple leaves with reticulate venation