1.

Do you agree with “Western education and Christian Missionaries influenced the Social and Religious reform movement in India”. Why?

Answer»

Yes. I can agree with this statement.

Reasons: 

Many Christian missionaries came to India along with the European companies to preach Christianity in India. They severely criticised the existing religious practices and beliefs and tried to persuade people to adopt Christianity. At the same time they also established many educational institutions, hospitals and charity services with the view of serving the poor and needy. This helped in spreading many new ideas among people.

Soon a lively debate ensued between the missionaries and leaders of Hinduism and Islam as each tried to defend their own religious ideas. Such debates helped people not only to understand each others ideas but also encouraged them to enquire into the original and basic tenets of their own religions. Several European scholars studied the ancient literature of India, translated them and published them as books. (Since they studied books of the eastern countries they were called ‘Orientalists’.) Now these books are available for all to study.

As the ancient Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Persian and Arabic books got translated into European languages, the rich and diverse cultural heritage of the country was recognized by all. This enabled the people with new ideas to reinterpret their own religions better.

e.g :

1. Rammohan Roy condemned idol worship.

2. Vivekananda asked to adopt some of the positive qualities of European culture like freedom and respect for women, work ethic, technology etc. 

3. Swami Dayananda rejected all later additions to Hindu religion. 

4. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan worked for the spread of modern education and social reforms among the Muslims. 

5. The minimum age for marriage was raised to the 14 years. 

6. Rammohan Roy fought against ‘Sati’. 

7. Law was made to encourage widow remarriages. 

8. Many established schools for girls.



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