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The words in the book stood still. When they turned pages, the pages showed the same words on them they had when they read them the first time.

Margie’s school was right next to her ‘ bedroom. Margie didn’t have any classmates, ;i since the school was in her own house.

Darwin, a great scientist, known for his work On the Origin of Species, enjoyed  literature only until he was 30, as he said. He enjoyed poetic works of Byron,  Coleridge, Shelley, etc. immensely. Shakespeare's historical plays gave him much  pleasure. However, as he advanced in his age to reach the benchmark of 30, the  charm faded and he began losing interest in pictures and music that once gave him  great delight. He tried reading poetry and Shakespeare; however, he found it so  intolerably dull that it nauseated him. It is surprising that the answer to this change  is in Darwin's own statement. His mind had become some kind of a grinding  machine to process laws out of facts. It caused atrophy of that part of the brain on  which higher tastes depended. It was hard for Darwin to infer it as well and, thus,  his romance with literature died away.

Tommy said it about the old printed book. I think he said so because he thought that it is a waste of paper. After reading the book its purpose is lost and it becomes useless. He did not think of its importance and thought of throwing it away.

Arjuna saw his brothers Nakula, Sahadeva lying dead, when he got to the pool.

The postman laughed heartily because he saw the letter addressed “To God” for the first time in his career.

2. The qualities of a postmaster described in the passage are that he was a fat and amiable fellow.

3. The postmaster was surprised at the faith of the letter-writer in God. He wished the same faith for himself.

1. The birds chatter to welcome the daybreak. 

2. All of his friends denied to help him. 

3. The patient was licking his lips. 

4. Always do whatever your conscience says

All the brothers ignored the warning of the invisible voice. Therefore they fell unconcious when they drank the water.

The dog is always faithful. Due to mistake, we sometimes feel that he is unfaithful and we condemn him. The postmaster, though generous, was mistaken by Lencho as a crook.

1. (iv) Max was another secret agent. The words like slender, a little less than tall and had crafty, pointed countenance give the reader his description.

2. (ii) He had come to AusableI's room demanding a secret report from him. After intruding in the room, he threatened Ausable with a pistol.

3. (iii) The new missiles were the concern of the secret report.

4. (i) No, Max and Ausable were not friends. They both were secret agents but worked different organisations.

5. (ii) No, he found the place boring with no sign of romantic thrill and adventure.

1. (i) A waiter was knocking at the door. Max was frightened as someone was turning the knob of the door.

2. (ii) Max wouldn't be able to jump from the balcony because Ausable to save himself from Max, told him a false story about existence of a non - existent balcony.

3. (iii) Quickly

4. (iv) Max screamed as soon as he dropped because he realised there was no balcony and he was going to fall on the ground.

5. (v) The waiter got in a bottle of wine in Ausable's room.

1. d. Lencho kept looking towards the north-east because the rain clouds were to come from that direction.

2. a. The earth needed a downpour or a shower.

3. b. The river and the field of ripe corn, dotted with the flowers, promised a good harvest.

4. c. The house is situated on the crest of a low hill.

5. d. Lencho had done nothing else in the morning, but looking towards the north-east.

1. The postmaster also laughed heartily.

2. The government servants get their salary on the first day of each month.

3. Lencho wanted to make correspondence with God.

4. Nowadays you can easily find a bunch of crooks everywhere.

The voice did not allow Arjuna to drink water because he ignored its warning and wanted to quench his thirst first.

Answer is Kerala

a. true 

b. false 

c. true 

d. false

Communist Party of India.

Bhartiya Jan Sangh

According to Ruskin, the limitations of the good book of the hour are that these are not true books but merely letters or newspapers in good print. The good books of the hour are simply some useful or pleasant talk of some person whom one cannot otherwise converse with. These good books are written merely for the purpose of communication to a wider audience. According to the essayist, these good books are rather books of talk which are printed only because their authors cannot speak to thousands of people at once. These are mere conveyance of voice through printed words.

• In India there is multiparty democracy.
• The presence of provincial parties is something special here.
• The dominance of the Congress Party is another feature.

Indian National Congress is the oldest Political Party of India. It is difficult to distinguish between the history of India and the history of the Congress Party. Even after independence, the Congress Party became the centre of Indian politics. It was Congress that laid the foundation for the industrial development of India. It was because of all these reasons that Congress is called the centre of Indian politics.

India had more opposition parties than in any other democratic country. But in the first 3 elections the opposition parties were very weak. Even then historically they performed some important functions. Even before independence, there were political parties other than Congress. In the period 1960-70, they played a big role in the growth of India. The coming of the present non-Congress parties is related to the Opposition Parties of the 1950s. They could win only very few seats in the Parliament and the Assemblies. Still they were able to maintain the democratic process ‘ in the country. It also helped the ruling party not to move into undemocratic one-party rule.

In those days the democratic state of our country was exemplary. The Congress leaders and the Opposition leaders had mutual respect for one another. When an adhoc government was formed, leaders of the Opposition parties like Dr Ambedkar and Shyanra Prasad Mukherjee were in the Ministry. Nehru had invited the Socialist leader Jaya Prakash Narayan into his Ministry. But slowly all this changed. Since the Congress Party could not satisfy the needs of its own groups, it led to disunity in the Party.

This made other parties strong. Here are some of the major parties that became prominent during this period.

Communist Party of India: 

This came into existence in the 1920s. The prominent leaders were A.K. Gopalan, SA. Dange, EMS Namboodiripad, P.C. Ghosh and P. Sundarayya. In the beginning it worked in the shadow of the Congress Party. A change came when the Communist Party supported Britain against Nazi Germany. Different from the other non-Congress Parties, the Communist Party was well organized and the members were highly devoted to the Party and they were willing to undertake fresh activities. The Party was of the opinion that the independence the country got in 1947 was not real independence.

Although it gave support to the Telangana Revolts, it did not get enough popular approval. In 1951, they abandoned the principle of armed struggle, and decided to participate in the elections.. In the first election they won 16 seats. It thus became the largest Opposition Party in the Lok Sabha. The Party had strong bases in Andhra, West Bengal, Bihar and Kerala. Because of the ideological rift between the Soviet Union and China, in 1964 the Communist Party of India was split into two. One was known as the Communist Party of India and the other was known as CPI (Marxist). They continue to work as CPI and CPM.

Bhartiva Jan Sanqh:

It was founded in 1951. The important leaders were Shyama Prasad Mukherjee, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya and Balraj Madhok. BJS is different from other political parties because of their ideas and schemes.

• They stress the ideology of one country, one culture and one nation.
• For India’s progress and growth, they want to fall back upon its culture and traditions.
• They want he reunification of India and Pakistan. Thus they have the concept of a greater, undivided India. 
• They organized many protests insisting that Hindi should be the only official language of India.
• They do not want to give any kind of concessions to religious and cultural minorities.
• They want India to have atomic weapons.

In the first two elections, the BJS could get only very few votes. In 1952 and 1957 they gained 3 and 4 seats respectively. In the beginning their supporters were mainly from the Hindi-speaking States – Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Delhi, and UR The BJP originated from the BJS.

Swatantra Party:

It was established in August 1959. Prominent leaders were C. Rajagopalachari, K.M. Munshi, M.G. Ranga and Minoo Masani. The Swatantra Party was formed in the light of the economic policy declared by the Nagpur Conference of the Congress. This Party was formed mainly to solve the economic problems of the country. 

The following were its policies:

• The Government should not make economic controls. 
• Progress will come only through individual freedom. 
• Governmental interference in economic matters, Central Planning, Nationalization, Public Sector Undertakings etc. will be against national progress.
• Encourage Private Sector.
• In the agricultural sector, the Party is against land ceilings, and trading with government interference.
• It is against increasing income tax and licensing of industries.
• It is against Russia and the Non Aligned Movement.
• It wanted to establish more cordial relations with America.

As the interests of many groups were voiced by this Party, it received some strength. Many rulers of various Principalities, landowners, industrialists and businessmen supported this Party. They were not in favour of nationalization and land reforms. But because of its narrow social base and lack of sincere efforts from its members, it never grew into a popular party

In the Assembly Election of March 1957 in Kerala, the Communist Party obtained the largest number of seats. Out of 126 seats, 60 were won by the Communist Party. They also got the support of 5 Independent Members. Therefore the then Governor invited EMS Namboodiripad, the leader of the Majority Party in the Legislature, to form the Government This was the first Communist Government in the world that came to power through ballot.

The Congress Party declared a Liberation Struggle against the Communist Government. According to the Communists, this protest was organized with the support of some religious leaders and other interested groups to prevent the Communist Government from making reforms for the welfare of the masses. In 1959, using Article 356 of the Constitution, the Central Government dismissed the Communist Government of Kerala. Many people criticised this action by the Centre. They thought that this was a misuse of the powers entrusted to the Centre by Article 356.

a. Masani – Swatantra Party 

b. S.A. Dange – Communist Party of India 

c. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee – Bharatiya San Sangh 

d. Ashok Mehta – Praja Socialist Party 

e. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel – Indian National Congress

The major difference of ideology between Congress and the Bharatiya Jana Sangh was that Bharatiya Jana Sangh emphasized on one party country. One culture, one nation i.e. a Hindu nation or Hindutva whereas Congress formed ideological and social coalitions accommodating social diversities.

(a) True 

(b) False 

(c) True 

(d) False

Shyama Prasad Mukherjee in 1951.

a) a) beauty, b) attracts

b) a) exaggeration, b) Architecture 

c) a) enjoyment, b) experiential 

d) a) exhibition, b) traditional 

e) a) popular, b) cultivating 

f) a) warmth, b) auspicious

(a) manufacturer

(i) (a) a professional person

(ii) (c) manufacturing

(iii) (b) trade

(iv) (a) professionals

(v) (b) secondary

Correct option is (c) banks

The Election Commission was set up in India in January 1950. The first Election Commissioner was Sukumar Sen.

a. State Assemblies

b. Communist Party of India

c. Economy free from State control

1. - D; 

2. - A;

3. - B;

4. - C

Correct option is  (a) insurance

Correct Answer is Banking

The dominance of Congress in India was due to following reasons: 

1. Congress was identified with the freedom struggle for building national unity and solidarity. 

2. Congress was associated with Mahatma Gandhi’s name. 

3. It had a broad based manifesto to include the various section of society. 

4. Congress bore a popular appeal of charismatic leader like Mahatma Gandhi, J.L. Nehru, Sardar Patel, Indira Gandhi etc. 

5. Congress focused on building role of the party.

In the first general election, in each polling booth, each candidate had a box with his election symbol on it. Each voter was a given a white ballot paper and he was to deposit it in the box of his choice.

India is not the only country to have dominance of one party but we have some other examples also for the same. But the dominance of one party in India does not compromise democratic spirit of constitution whereas other nations have compromised it:

1. In countries like China, Cuba and Syria are permitted to be ruled by one party only by the constitutional provisions. 

2. Myanmar, Belarus, Egypt also experience one party system due to legal and military measure. 

3. In India, Congress dominates on behalf of free and fair elections based on democracy where the losing of other party is also fair.

1. It accommodated the revolutionary conservative, extremist and moderates with all other shades of the center. 

2. Congress became a platform for numerous groups, interests and even political parties to take part in national movement. 

3. In pre-independence days, many organisations and parties were allowed to co-exist within the Congress. 

4. Some of these like ‘Congress Socialist Party’ later separated from the Congress and became an opposition party.

One party dominance refer to representation on behalf of popular consensus along with free and fair elections i.e. Congress in India whereas one party system refers representation based on malpractice, fraud etc. to ensure winning of a particular party.

1. The Hidden Grand Canyon of India

2. The beauty of Gandikota

3. In Kadapa District

4. A gorge is a narrow valley between hills or mountains, with steep rocky walls and a stream running through it.

5. Because of erosion of rock over a long period of time

1. It is made of excellent palaces adorned with fine carvings.

2. Walking along the fort’s wall.

3. The walls of Gandikota Fort

4. Between September and February

5. In summer

a. Balakrishna and Ragini

b. Five granddaughters

c. ii) Veena

d. ii) cousins

e. i) Rohit has two daughters.

(d) inevitably

(c) diversity

That unity was not conceived as something imposed from outside, a standardization of externals or even of beliefs.