Explore topic-wise InterviewSolutions in Current Affairs.

1. Transgenic animal can be specifically designed to allow the study of the mechanism of gene expression, its regulation & how they effect the normal function & development.

2. It is also used to study the biological effects of certain gene product & also the biological role of these products in the body.

3. Transgenic animals serve as models for human disease. So that investigation of new treatment for disease is made possible.

Example : Alzheimer’s, cancer, Cystic, fibrosis, etc.

4. Transgenic animal are used produce medicine it is used to treat diseases like Emphysema. The transgenic cow rosie produced human protein enriched milk (alpha- lactalbumin).

5. They are also used for testing the safety of vaccines like polio. It is also used for testing toxicity of drugs.

When the north – eastern and south – western trade winds meet with the equatorial western wind mass, then the inter tropical convergence zone forms.

PCR – Polymerase Chain reaction 

ELISA – Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay 

GEAC – Genetic Engineering Approval

Committee GMO – Genetically Modified Organisms

Answer is Biopiracy

Patent is given to

1. For producing new product or invention.

2. Modified and improved earlier invention.

3. Technical know how.

4. New designing concept.

1. Basmathi rice.

2. There are references of Basmathi rice in ancient texts, folklores, and poetry.

(i)  Rice is an important food grain, the presence of which goes back ‘ thousands of years in Asia’s agricultural history. There is an estimated 200,000 varieties of rice in India alone. The diversity of rice in India is one of the richest in the world. Basmati rice is distinct for its unique aroma and flavour and 27 documented varieties of Basmati are grown in India.

(ii)  There is a reference to Basmati in ancient texts, folklore and poetry.

(i) Study of disease:

Transgenic animals can be used to know, how genes contribute to the development of disease.

(ii) Biological products:

Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products. In 1997, the first transgenic cow, Rosie, produced human protein-enriched milk contained the human alpha- lactalbumin. It is nutritionally a more balanced product for human babies than natural cow-milk.

• Followings would be bad effects, if forests were non existant.
• We would not have been able to obtain wood for domestic, commercial and industrial purposes along with medicinal plants and herbs and the forest products of commercial importance like rubber, wax, bamboo, grasses, fodder, catechu and resins etc.
• Forests enhance the beauty of nature and are the best place (habitat) for birds and wild life. Wild life would become adversely affected. They would become extinct most become endangered.
• Forest controls, the climatic condition and brings down the temperature of the place. If there had not been forest, the humidity of air would have decreased and temperature would have increased. 
• Trees in forest reduce the flow of water and allow water of percolate in to the ground as a result water table increases, had there been no forest, the level of water in ground would have decreased. 
• The erosion of soil increase in absence of forest cover.

Bt. Cotton is a transgenic plant which contains the cry gene of bacillus thuringiensis. The cry gene produces cry protein which kills larvae of lepedopteran, diptern insects which attack cotton plants. This protein is inactive in bacteria and becomes active in the intestine of insects. When the cry gene is transferred to the plant it becomes resistant to the insects.

cotton is genetically engineered to produce a toxin which kills insect pests which eat the plant and cause the damage. Bees and butteries only forage for nectar in flowers and do not eat any part of the plant so they do not die.

1. Yes.Gene therapy

2. In gene therapy, lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are cultured and functional ADA cDNA is introduced in it. Then, these cells are return back to the patient. These cells can produce adenosine deaminase enzyme.

In this process, nematode specific genes are introduced into the host plant through agrobacterium, it produce both sense and antisense RNA, since this two RNAs are complementary to each other, form a dsRNA, RNAi is operated and the nematode can’t produce proteins.

1. RNA interference

2. Meloidegyne incognitia(nematode)

3. It is the silencing of mRNA done by a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA).

In this technique the pest resistant gene (cDNA) is transferred into host plant by using agrobacterium vector, which become double stranded and silences the mRNA of the pest from expressing inside the host. Thus the plant become resistant to the pest which cannot survive inside the host.

It is the use of bio-resources by multinational companies and other organisations without proper authorisation from the countries and people concerned without compensatory payment.

Snails undergo aestivation if they are unable to migrate in order to avoid stressful condition of high temperature.

Correct option is A) Latitude

B-Bacillus t-thuringiensis

Talk to people of your community and based on your survey on locally available insecticides or methods used to control pests and study the impact of local insecticides on insects like mosquitoes and other insects. On comparing these traditional insecticide with those of chemical insecticides, you will find, that traditional insecticides are available in your surroundings, they are cheaper and cause less harm to man, animals and to the environment.

On the other hand chemical insecticides are costly and cause great harm, to man, animals and environment. Infact chemical insectides major main cause of environmental pollution.

Insolation (Incoming solar radiation): The heat coming from the Sun to the Earth’s surface In the form of rays.

Only one percent of the pesticide actually acts on the pest – the rest goes into our system through food, water, and the environment.

 aldrin is a pesticide

If I was living in the village of Joma, my activities might be as follows:

1. To attend to the earthen pot kept on the hearth outside the hut.
2. To collect stones for making tools.
3. To drive away the birds eating the corn in the field.
4. To take the goats for grazing.
5. To help in taking cows to the river bank for drinking water.

Correct option is C. Joma’s father was the leader of the village.

Correct option is A. Mehargadh

The following types of crops are grown today.

They can be classified in the following categories:

1. Cash Crops : cotton, sugar cane, jute, tobacco, etc.
2. Food Grains : rice, wheat, jowar, millet, maize, etc.
3. Pulses : gram, mung, udad, tur, lentil and different beans.
4. Oil Seeds : groundnut, castor nut, sesame, mustard, soya bean, sunflower, cotton seeds, rape-seeds, linseed, etc.
5. Orchard Crops : tea, coffee, rubber, flowers, vegetables, spices, etc.

The following changes took place in man’s life after he started leading a settled life.

1. Man started living a steady life by constructing huts or houses on river banks.
2. He started living in groups by constructing houses in the form of a small village.
3. He started preserving grains in clay-pots, large earthen jars, knitted baskets and by digging large holes under the ground.
4. He started cooking food inside or outside the house according to the season.
5. He started eating grains like wheat, rice, etc. as food.
6. The clay work began as work of an art.
7. It is believed that, at that time males might be doing farming and females might be doing household work.
8. Progress was made in preparing tools from stones and bones of the animals.

Some men are sharpening the edge of sickle made out of stone because it will be needed for reaping the crops in the field.

The primitive men wandered to satisfy the need of food.

The food of primitive men before approximately 12,000 years was roasted meat, fruits and tuberous roots.

Gomatu prepared a weapon for hunting by tying a sharp stone with a strong stick with the help of creepers.

Women prepared a big vessel of clay for storing grains by plastering cow dung inside the pits dug in the hut.

When the cattle was being washed, Joma enjoyed swimming in the river.

Joma’s hut became the centre of activities because Joma’s father was a leader of the village.

Joma’s brother Daku was busy driving away the birds, which had come to eat the ripe crops.

The clay utensils were used for storing grains, cooking and keeping things during the beginning of man’s steady life.

We come to know from the signs found out by the archaeologists from inside and outside of the huts, about people cooking inside or outside according to the season.

The farming of crops like wheat and barley started for the first time after the steady residence of man.

We use the following roasted things today: crisp cake, maize, jowar, gram, groundnut, peas, etc.

'Amrita Devi Bishnoi National Award’ was instituted by government for wildlife conservation in memory of Amrita Devi Bishnoi. For Bishnoi community conservation of forest and wildlife was very important. Amrita Devi sacrificed her life for protection of Khejri trees in Khejrali village which is near Jodhpur in Rajasthan along with 363 other people in 1731.

1. goat
2. reared animals
3. residence
4. a dog

(d) Chalazal megaspre

Compensate to the losses during transfer of pollens.

Triploid is the ploidy of PEN.

Incomplete dominance: Phenomenon of neither of 2 alleles of a gene being dominant over each other so that when both of them are present together, a new phenotype is formed which is somewhat intermediate between both of their independent expression.

Eg: Flower colour is Snapdragon and 4’0 clock plant.

Haploid is the ploidy of the cells in the microspore tetrad.

1. Hologamy: In Hologamy, the adult individuals do not produce gametes, but they themselves act as gametes and fuse to form new individuals. 

E.g : Trichonympha 

2. Isogamy : Fusion of morphologically & physiologically similar gametes. 

E.g : Monocystis. 

3. Anisogamy : Fusion of morphologically & physiologically dissimilar gametes. 

Eg: Vertebrates. 

4. Merogamy : Fusion of small sized morphologically different gametes (merogametes) 

5. Paedogamy : Fusion of young individuals produced immediately after the mitotic division of adult parent cell

Diplospory is a condition where a diploid embryosac is formed from megaspore mother cells without a regular meiotic division. 

E.g: Eupatorium.

Occurrence of more than one embryo in a seed is called polyembryony.

1. Embryos developed through polyembryony are found virus free. 

2. The seedlings formed from nuclear tissue in citrus are found on better clones for orchards.

Correct Answer is: (b) 21